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1、溫故而知新，下筆如有神。 最近英語六級專題訓(xùn)練試題1（第2套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual

2、world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conve

3、rsation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the cen

4、tre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) Project organizer. B) Public relations officer. C) Marketing manager. D) Market research consultant. 2. A) Quantitative advertising research. B) Questionnaire design. C) Research methodology. D) Interviewer train

5、ing. 3. A) They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits. B) They examine relations between producers and customers. C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products. D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period. 4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.

6、B) Checking charts and tables. C) Designing questionnaires. D) The persistent intensity. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) His view on Canadian universities. B) His understanding of higher education. C) His suggestions for improvements in higher educat

7、ion. D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities. 6. A) It is well designed. B) It is rather inflexible. C) It varies among universities. D) It has undergone great changes. 7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other. B) Public universities are often superio

8、r to private universities. C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education. D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions. 8. A) University systems vary from country to country. B) Efficiency is essential to university management. C) It is hard to say wh

9、ich is better, a public university or a private one. D) Many private universities in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questi

10、ons will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding fetter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9.

11、A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis. B) The worsening real wage situation around the world. C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States. D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life. 10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wage

12、s. B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees. C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations. D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals. 11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis. B) Governme

13、nt and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed. C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs. D) Team work will be encouraged in companies. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) Whether memory supplements work. B) Whether herbal me

14、dicine works wonders. C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory. D) Whether a magic memory promises success. 13. A) They help the elderly more than the young. B) They are beneficial in one way or another. C) They generally do not have side effects. D) They are not based on real

15、science. 14. A) They are available at most country fairs. B) They are taken in relatively high dosage. C) They are collected or grown by farmers. D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners. 15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise. B) Taking them

16、 with other medications might entail unnecessary risks. C) Their effect lasts only a short time. D) Many have benefited from them. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played

17、 only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) How catastro

18、phic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations. B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters. C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters. D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced. 17. A) By training res

19、cue teams for emergencies. B) By taking steps to prepare people for them. C) By changing people’s views of nature. D) By relocating people to safer places. 18.A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life. B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters. C) How Cubans s

20、uffer from tropical storms. D) How destructive tropical storms can be. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government. B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty. C) Contribute more to the goal o

21、f a wider recovery. D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble. 20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others. B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail. C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans. D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees. 21. A) I

22、t will work closely with the government. B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans. C) It will try to lower the interest rate. D) It will try to provide more loans. 22. A) It won’t help the American economy to rum around. B) It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks. C

23、) It will win the approval of the Obama administration. D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23.A) Being unable to learn new things. B) Being rather slow to make changes. C) Losing temper mor

24、e and more often. D) Losing the ability to get on with others. 24. A) Cognitive stimulation. B) Community activity. C) Balanced diet. D) Fresh air. 25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging. B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life. C) Endeavoring to give up un

25、healthy lifestyles. D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices gi

26、ven in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in

27、the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question natura

28、lly 26 : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27 of computational

29、power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots,from street cleaning to food preparation. But there are 30 to be pr

30、oblems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遙控飛行器) operator will 31 someone’s privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor’s cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34

31、 space for innovation? Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers pric

32、e the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer’s driving record.not the passenger’s. 習(xí)題很豐富，夢想易實現(xiàn)。 A) arises I) manifesting B) ascends J) penalties C) bound K) preserving D) combination L) programmed E) definite M) proximately F) eventually N) victims G) i

33、nterfere O) widespread H) invade Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a p

34、aragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Reform and Medical Costs [A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know i

35、f reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful abnormal system—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental (漸進的) gains. [

36、B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded, “Pretty much every pro

37、posed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures.” [C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unne

38、cessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs. [D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work. [E]

39、 Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medic

40、are more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the

41、hook (放過). That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong “pay-go” rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts. [F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax (消費稅) on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000

42、for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test

43、 was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should. [G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand

44、 their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars

45、 over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law. [H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it sho

46、uld help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments. [I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary r

47、eason that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient’s needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. T

48、hey include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient’s needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs.are treated properly. For the most part, thes

49、e experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them. [J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes

50、in Medicare’s Payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will. [K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges

51、 on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell

52、 on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers. [L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opp

53、osition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates.as many reformers wanted. [M] The president’s stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare

54、 how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate (前列腺) cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort. [N] Critics h

55、ave charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. (That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set

56、payment rates in Medicare. [O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to Pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessa

57、ry or even dangerous tests and treatments. [P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe neg

58、otiation could work. It does in other countries. [Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in “defensive medicine” by perf

59、orming tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued. 36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages. 37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so tha

60、t lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers. 38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America. 39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses. 40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a pu

61、blic insurance plan. 41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions. 42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses. 43. One main factor that has driven up medical

62、expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect. 44. Contrary to analysts’ doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation. 45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less. Section C Directions:

63、There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centr

64、e. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage (下水道污水) to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report—and it may not be a b

65、ad thing. While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food. “There is a large potential for waste water agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban cons

66、umers.” said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study. The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers (下水道). When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the pro