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1、 第二部分第二部分 專項語法專項語法 高效突破高效突破專項專項9 9 動詞與動詞短語動詞與動詞短語高頻考點高頻考點精講精講考點考點1 1 動詞辨析動詞辨析 1.1.動詞的分類動詞的分類 (1)實義動詞分類用法例詞例句及物動詞本身意義不完整，后面必須跟賓語意義才完整，常用于三種句型：(1)主語謂語(及物動詞)賓語；(2)主語謂語(及物動詞)賓語賓語補足語；(3)主語謂語(及物動詞)間接賓語直接賓語reach，ask，return，need，want，teach，makeHe reached China the day before yesterday.他前天到中國的。They asked me

2、to go swimming with them.他們讓我和他們一起去游泳。I will return him the ruler.我準(zhǔn)備把尺子還給他。分類用法例詞例句不及物動詞本身意義完整，其后不必跟賓語；若跟賓語，則不及物動詞需要跟適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~連用come，go，run，travel，listen，swim，live，workMary is swimming.瑪麗正在游泳。Look at the blackboard.看黑板。Listen to music.聽音樂。 (2)連系動詞 連系動詞不能單獨作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。分類例詞例句be動詞am，is，are，was，wereIm

3、a girl with short hair.我是一個留著短發(fā)的女孩。感官類look，sound，smell，taste，feel等His plan sounds good.他的計劃聽起來很好。The food tastes good.這種食物嘗起來不錯。變化類become，get，grow，go，turn等Mr.Blacks face turned red.布萊克先生的臉變紅了。狀態(tài)類keep，stay，remain等The shop stays open till 8 in the evening.商店一直營業(yè)到晚上8點。 (3)助動詞 助動詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能和別的動詞一

4、起構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等特征，幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問、強調(diào)、省略等結(jié)構(gòu)。主要的助動詞有be，do，have，shall，will等。分類用法例句beam / is / are動詞ing形式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；was / were動詞ing形式過去進(jìn)行時；be過去分詞被動語態(tài)The boy is playing basketball now.這個男孩現(xiàn)在在打籃球。The students were reading English when the teacher came in.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時候，學(xué)生們在讀英語。Chinese is spoken by most of people in the

5、world.世界上大多數(shù)人說漢語。分類用法例句do形式有do，does，did，用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，或用在動詞前加強語氣Do you come from Japan？你來自日本嗎？He doesnt like music at all.他一點兒都不喜歡音樂。havehave / has過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時；had過去分詞過去完成時；have / hasbeen動詞ing形式現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時He has lived here for ten years.他住在這里已經(jīng)10年了。By the time I arrived the bus stop，the bus had left.當(dāng)我到達(dá)汽車站的

6、時候，汽車已經(jīng)離開了。will /shallwill / shall動詞原形一般將來時；would / should動詞原形過去將來時Shall we go fishing tomorrow？我們明天去釣魚好嗎？You should lie down and rest.你應(yīng)該躺下休息。 (4)情態(tài)動詞分類含義用法例句can /could能；會表示能力(be able to)Tom can swim.Tom is able to swim.湯姆會游泳?？梢?疑問句中)表示請求Can I help you？我能幫助你嗎？Could you give us some advice？你可以給我們一些建

7、議嗎？can可能，cant不可能(否定句、疑問句中)表示可能性Can the news be true？這則消息是真的嗎？The boy cant be Jim.Hes much taller.那個男孩不可能是吉姆。他比吉姆高得多。分類含義用法例句may(might) 可能表示可能性(可與maybe轉(zhuǎn)換)Tony may know the way to the hospital.Maybe Tony knows the way to the hospital.托尼可能知道去醫(yī)院的路?？梢员硎究蜌獾恼埱螅琺ight比may的語氣更委婉May I come in？我可以進(jìn)來嗎？Might I sm

8、oke here？我可以在這里吸煙嗎？祝表示祝愿May you be happy.祝你快樂。分類含義用法例句must 必須必表示義務(wù)、命令或要求We must tell the truth to our parents.我們必須告訴父母真相。一定表示肯定的猜測(否定猜測用cant)Lisa must be at home.(推測現(xiàn)在的狀況)莉莎一定在家。You must be kidding.(推測現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生)你一定是在開玩笑。They must have seen the movie.(推測過去的狀況)他們一定看過這部電影。 分類含義用法例句shall(should) /ought to好

9、嗎？Shall.？用于第一人稱，表示提建議或請求Shall we ask the teacher for help？我們可以向老師求助嗎？應(yīng)該should用于各種人稱，表示要求和命令，也可表示勸告或建議Students shouldnt have long hair.學(xué)生不應(yīng)該留長發(fā)。分類含義用法例句will(would) 愿意用于第二人稱，疑問句中表示征求意見或提建議Will / Would you please take out the trash？你可以把垃圾拿出去嗎？意愿will用于各種人稱，表示意愿Your parents will try their best to help yo

10、u.你的父母將會盡力幫助你。分類含義用法例句need有必要；需要need可用作實義動詞和情態(tài)動詞，用作情態(tài)動詞時，其后接動詞原形，通常只用于否定句或疑問句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句You neednt worry.你不必?fù)?dān)心。Why need you go today? 為什么你需要今天走？He wondered whether they need send a deposit.他不知道他們是否得交定金。 2 2近義動詞辨析近義動詞辨析 常見的易混近義詞：形狀相似的動詞之間辨義lie與lay；rise與raise 意義相近的動詞之間辨義borrow，lend與 keep；s

11、peak，say，tell與 talk；hope與wish；take，spend，cost，pay與afford；look for，find與find out；listen to與hear；read，see，look與watch；get，arrive與reach；answer與reply；take，bring，carry，get與fetch；accept與receive意義不同、形狀不同，但容易混淆的動詞辨義discover，create與invent；win與beat；put on，wear與dress；forget與leave；provide，offer，give與supply考點考點2

12、2 動詞用法動詞用法 大多數(shù)動詞都有五種基本形式：動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式和過去分詞。 1 1第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 (1)一般現(xiàn)在時中主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞后要加s或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同。規(guī)則變化動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式及讀音一般在動詞詞尾加s(s在清輔音后讀/s/，s在濁輔音后讀/z/)work，grow works/s/，grows/z/以s，x，sh，ch或o結(jié)尾的動詞加es(es讀/iz/，o后的es讀/z/)guess，mix，finish，catch，goguesses/z/， mixes/z/，finishes

13、/z/，catches/z/，goes/z/以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加s(s讀/z/或/s/)write，likewrites/s/，shares/z/以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加es(ies讀/iz/)study，carrystudies/z/，carries/z/以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加s(s讀/z/)play，sayplays/z/，says/z/(2)不規(guī)則變化的有havehas等。 2 2現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成變化規(guī)則動詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動詞后加inghelp，workhelping，working以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去e再加ingwrite，m

14、ovewriting，moving以y結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加ingplay，studyplaying，studying以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ingget，begingetting，beginning以ie結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將ie改為y，再加inglie，dielying，dying 3. 3.過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成 (1)規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動詞原形過去式、過去分詞及其讀音一般在動詞詞尾加ed(在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音后讀/d/，在t和d后讀/d/)ask，answer，want，needaskedasked/t/，answeredanswered/

15、d/，wantedwanted/d/，neededneeded/d/以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，只加d(讀/d/)love，dancelovedloved/d/，danceddanced/d/以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加es(讀/d/)try，studytriedtried/d/，studiedstudied/d/以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加ed(讀/d/)play，stayplayedplayed/d/，stayedstayed/d/以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ed(在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音后讀/d/，在t和d后讀/d/)stop，planstoppe

16、dstopped/t/，plannedplanned/d/(2)不規(guī)則變化需單獨記憶?？键c考點3 3 動詞短語動詞短語 1.1.動詞短語分類動詞短語分類類型例詞同一動詞不同介詞 / 副詞(賓語只能放在介詞后)(賓語是名詞時，位于副詞前后皆可；賓語是代詞時，只能位于動詞和副詞之間)put on穿上，增加(體重)；put up舉起，張貼，搭建；come from來自；come out出來，出版；turn on打開；turn off關(guān)掉 不同動詞同一介詞 / 副詞(賓語只能放在介詞后)(賓語是名詞時，位于副詞前后皆可；賓語是代詞時，只能位于動詞和副詞之間)show up出現(xiàn)；make up編造；se

17、t up建立；come back回來；talk back頂嘴，反駁動詞名詞 / 副詞介詞(賓語只能放在介詞后)take care of照料，照顧；take part in 參加；pay attention to注意；catch up with趕上；get on well with 與相處得好動詞的固定搭配及組合do / try ones best 盡某人最大努力；make a wish 許愿；make ones bed 整理某人的床鋪2 2初中階段易混動詞、動詞詞組歸納初中階段易混動詞、動詞詞組歸納look at與 seelook at 看(動作)；see 看到(結(jié)果)listen to與 h

18、earlisten to聽著(過程)；hear 聽到(結(jié)果)look at與looklook at看；look 形容詞，看起來see，watch與look atsee看到；watch觀看；look at看listen to與soundlisten to聽著；sound 形容詞， 聽起來have 與eathave 吃或喝；eat 吃look for與findlook for 尋找(過程)；find 找到(結(jié)果)find，discover與inventfind 找到(意外地)；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)(本來就存在，只是以前沒人知道)；invent發(fā)明(從無到有，創(chuàng)造)borrow，lend與keepb

19、orrow借入，lend借出，都表示動作，與時間點連用；keep保存，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用buy，sell與havebuy買，sell賣，都表示動作，與時間點連用；have保存，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用go to bed，go to sleep與sleepgo to bed上床睡覺 ；go to sleepfall asleep入睡，表示動作，與時間點連用；sleepbe asleep睡著了，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用leave，leave for與be awayleave 離開，leave for動身去，都表示動作，與時間點連用；be away離開了，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用come，go與be

20、income來，go去，都表示動作，與時間點連用；be in 住在，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用learn 與studylearn指學(xué)習(xí)具體的技巧或者知識；study表示系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí)die與be deaddie死，表示動作，與時間點連用；be dead去世了，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用take與bringtake帶走；bring拿來have to與musthave to不得不，實義動詞，第三人稱單數(shù)形式為has to，過去式為had to，否定形式為dont / doesnt have to；must 必須(無時態(tài)變化)，表示主觀spend，pay for，cost與takespend 花錢，花時間(人作

21、主語)；pay for花錢；cost 花錢(物作主語)；take 花時間，常用于句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.花費某人多長時間做某事look短語look at看；look for尋找；look out當(dāng)心；look out of往外看；look as把視作；look over仔細(xì)檢查；look through瀏覽；look down往下看，瞧不起；look upon往上看，仰視put短語put on 穿上；put up舉手，張貼，搭建；put off 推遲；put away把收起來；put down放下；put.out熄滅take固定搭配take out拿

22、出來；take away拿走；take to把帶到；take.with隨身攜帶；take after與長得像；take時間，花時間做give短語give out散發(fā)；give away分發(fā)；give off發(fā)出；give up放棄stop固定搭配stop to do停下來去做；stop doing停止做；stop from doing keep from doing阻止做forget，remember固定搭配forget(remember) to do忘記(記得)要做；forget (remember) doing忘記(記得)做了keep，make固定搭配keep doing 使一直做；mak

23、e sb.do.使某人做十年真題十年真題全練全練 近十年來，動詞和動詞短語是安徽中考的重點考查內(nèi)容之一，每年都會考查，考查的內(nèi)容多以動詞變音、行為動詞和動詞短語詞義辨析、情態(tài)動詞和連系動詞為主。 命題形式主要為聽力關(guān)鍵詞語選擇(每年02小題)、聽力信息轉(zhuǎn)換(每年02小題)、單項填空(每年02小題)、完形填空(每年47小題)和單詞拼寫(每年12小題)。預(yù)計2018年中考毫無疑問動詞的命題會面面俱到。行為動詞和動詞短語詞義辨析、情態(tài)動詞仍然是考查重點，但對助動詞、連系動詞也要稍加關(guān)注。 1.2017安徽，37題It is necessary for schools to _D_the need o

24、f all the students development.Acut Bhide Crefuse Dsatisfy22016安徽，40題For our own safety，its important to A the traffic rules on the way to school.Afollow Bchange Cmake Dbreak32015安徽，38題Dreams are beautiful.However，to C them needs lots of time and work.Adiscover Bfind Cachieve Dstop42014安徽，44題I dont

25、B the heat，for Im used to hot weather.Alike Bmind Cknow Dstand52014安徽，49題He is an honest boy.I have no reason to _B_ what he said.Ahear Bdoubt Crepeat Dbelieve考點考點1 1 動詞詞義辨動詞詞義辨析析62013安徽，39題I will meet Jane at the station.Please C what time she will arrive.Acount Bchoose Ccheck Dcatch72013安徽，43題It i

26、s helpful to C a good habit of reading in language learning.Atake Bshow Cdevelop Dmatch82012安徽，35題To protect the environment，supermarkets dont C free plastic bags to shoppers.Atake Bshow Cprovide Dcarry92011安徽，41題We cant do listening practice today，for Miss Zhaos taperecorder doesnt D Aact Bdo Cserv

27、e Dwork102010安徽，32題Its nice of you to B so much time showing me around your school.Atake Bspend Ccost Dhave112010安徽，40題Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV?Sometimes.Its an interesting program，but I A A Sports News.Aprefer Bwant Cenjoy Dmiss122009安徽，41題What a day！Its raining again.Im afraid we ca

28、nt fly a kite.Dont worry.It wont _B B_ long.Alive Blast Cwait Dgo132008安徽，33題Our team C C the match.Weve got the first place!Well done！Congratulations!Abit Bbeat Cwon Dwatched142015安徽，35題The running water makes the stones D D very smooth.Asound Btaste Csmell Dfeel152014安徽，36題Mum，what are you cooking

29、？It D so sweet.Atastes Bfeels Csounds Dsmells162011安徽，46題The food here smells good，but what does it_A A_like?Ataste Btouch Cseem Dfeel172009安徽，36題Long time no see !Oh，it B B like years since I last saw you.Alooks Bseems Cfeels Dsounds182014安徽，35題I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours?Yes，

30、you A A Acan Bmust Ccould Dshould192016安徽，37題Please dont make so much noise.I C C hear the speaker very well.Aneednt BmustntCcant Dshouldnt202009安徽，33題Whos the man over there？Is it Mr.Black?It A A be him.Hes much taller.Acant Bmustnt Cshould Dmay212017安徽，39題Mum，Ive signed for the box.Whats in it?Im

31、not sure.It _C C_be a present from your uncle.Aneed Bmust Cmay Dwill222015安徽，44題Do you have any plans for this Sunday?Im not sure.I _C C_go to the countryside to see my grandmother.Acan Bmust Cmay Dneed232008安徽，32題Is Mr.Brown driving here?Im not sure.He A A come by train.Amay Bshall Cneed Dmust24201

32、2安徽，42題Theres enough time for you to go to the airport.You B B hurry now.Ashould BneedntCmust Dcant252010安徽，43題What will the weather be like tomorrow?It _B B_be rainy，cloudy or sunny.Who knows?Amust Bmight Cshall Dshould262011安徽，33題May I go out now，Dad?No.You D D let your mother know first.Acan Bmay

33、 Cneed Dmust272013安徽，32題You B B drive your car so fast.Its very dangerous.Awouldnt BshouldntCcouldnt Dmightnt考點考點2 2 動詞動詞用法用法1. 2017安徽，93題Look！The boys are kicking(踢) the ball around in the yard.2. 2017安徽，95題Please follow the rules.Dont touch(觸碰)the photos in the museum.32016安徽，94題The little girl ki

34、sses(親吻) her mum good night before she goes to bed.42015安徽，94題Could you please lend(借)me your dictionary?52014安徽，99題Im afraid we have to cancel(取消)the meeting.62014安徽，100題Bob has many storybooks and he often shares(分享)them with his friends.72013安徽，98題Travelling by plane is expensive，but it saves(節(jié)省)

35、 time.82013安徽，100題Its polite to knock(敲) on the door before entering a room.92012安徽，98題The old man started singing，and we all joined(加入)in.102011安徽，96題She rides(騎) to school on her bicycle every day.112010安徽，99題Tom invited(邀請) all his best friends to his birthday party last Sunday.122010安徽，100題We ha

36、ve to carry(攜帶) a lot of books in our school bags every day.132009安徽，100題George always checks/checked (檢査)the answers carefully before handing in his papers.142008安徽，97題Its not right to waste(浪費)too much time on computer games.考點考點3 3 動詞短語辨析動詞短語辨析1. 2013安徽，48題The people in Yaan have met lots of diff

37、iculties，but they havent B hope.Apicked up Bgiven upClooked for Dwaited for22012安徽，45題Smoking is bad for your health.Youre right.I decide to D Atake it down Bfind it outCturn it off Dgive it up32015安徽，39題We planned to meet at 10：30 at the station last Sunday，but Bob didnt A until 12：00.Aturn up Bgiv

38、e upCstay up Dgrow up42011安徽，39題I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV.Would you please A ？Aturn it up Bturn it downCturn it on Dturn it off52008安徽，48題Could you tell me what time the train leaves Hefei for Beijing?Im afraid you need to D on the Internet.Alook for it Blook at itClook it over Dlook

39、 it up62010安徽，37題How can I C well with my lessons，Dad?Practice makes perfect.Awork on Bhold onCget on Dkeep on72008安徽，42題Lets plan a surprise for our class.Whats your idea?Why not_D_a short play?Aget on Bkeep onChave on Dput on82016安徽，42題Taking some exercise every day will C fat and make you fit.Atu

40、rn to Bsell outCburn off Dput on92017安徽，44題Our geography teacher told us to A more information about our city and share it next week.Afind out Bkeep awayCturn off Duse up102014安徽，39題As time A ，youll come to think of English as your friend and love it.Agoes by Bruns outCtakes off Dturns up112014安徽，46

41、題Rose finished her study in the university and went to _D_a good job.Atake after Blook afterCcare for Dsearch for122009安徽，48題These problems are too hard to A Will you give me some advice?There are many ways，but the most important is to have a careful plan.Awork out Blook outChand out Dput out猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)

42、測.單項填空1Before stamps，people didnt _ for the letters they sent，but for the letters they received.Apay Bcost Cspend Dtake2They walked home last night because they couldnt _ to take a taxi.Aleave Bbuy Cafford Dallow3The movie is so interesting that I dont _ seeing it again tomorrow.Aenjoy Bmind Ckeep D

43、finish4I _ the school bus this morning.Luckily，Tonys father gave me a ride.Atook Bcaught Csaw Dmissed52016重慶中考When spring comes，trees begin to _ green.Asound Btaste Ckeep DturnA A C C B B D D D D 6May I play computer games now，Mom?No.You _ finish your homework first.Amust Bcan Ccould Dmay7Must I ans

44、wer this question in English?No，you _ Amustnt BneedntCcant Dshouldnt8Why are you feeling sleepy all the time?Because I _ late watching the film Kung Fu Panda last night.Astayed up Bcheered upCgave up Dtook up92016濟南中考More and more people have realized that we shouldnt _ the ancient buildings in citi

45、es.Aget off Bput offCcut down Dpull downA A B B A AD D10They heard the party was _ because of the exam.Aput on Bput upCput off Dput down11Susan _ her friends invitation because of an important meeting.Atook down Bput downCturned down Dwrote down12Our country is taking action to _ air pollution.Acut

46、down Bcut upCcut out Dcut off13Children these days _ their parents too much.They should learn how to look after themselves.Aget on Bkeep onChold on Ddepend onC CC C A A D D 14A father in the UK has _ a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time.He takes his sons to their school in a white tan

47、k(坦克)Alooked up to Bmade upCcome up with Dshown up15When you are swimming，_ your ears.You can use earplugs(耳塞) to stop water getting into your ears.Atake after Btake part inCtake off Dtake care of C C D D .單詞拼寫單詞拼寫 根據(jù)首字母及漢語提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。1The company o_(提供) the young man a job，but he didnt

48、take it.2Doing more exercise will i_(改善) your health.3The fisherman made a fire and h_(懸掛) his wet clothes up to dry.4We p_(種植) lots of trees around the school last month.Now they grow well.5Mr.Yang couldnt catch the last bus，so he was f_(迫使)to walk home.fferedmproveunglantedorced6Its impossible to

49、s_(分開) Diaoyu Island from China.7Danny is always c_ (抄寫)others homework，which often makes him fail in exams.8If the sun s_(照耀) brightly，the weather is usually warm.9The thief s_(偷)food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen.10The dentist says we should b_(刷) our teeth at least twice a day.eparateopyinghinestolerush