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1、人教版精品英語資料（精校版） Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points 1．strengthen (1)vt.加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅強(qiáng) On this basis we strengthened our discipline. 在這個基礎(chǔ)上，我們加強(qiáng)了紀(jì)律。 Your words strengthened my courage and I made it at last. 你的話增強(qiáng)了我的勇氣，最終我取得了成功。 (2)vi.變強(qiáng) The wind strengthened during the night. 夜里風(fēng)刮得

2、更大了。 [即境活用1]　　　　　　　　　　完成句子 (1)這座橋必須加固。 The bridge must be_strengthened. (2)他每天鍛煉以增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。 He exercises every day to_strengthen_his_body. (3)引進(jìn)新方法來加強(qiáng)他們的計劃。 The new method was brought in to_strengthen_their_plan. 2．rotten (1)adj.腐爛的；腐朽的 The fruit is starting to go rotten. 水果開始腐爛變質(zhì)了。 (2)adj.非常

3、糟糕的；惡劣的 She is a rotten singer. 她是一個蹩腳的歌手。 (3)adj.腐敗的 The organization is rotten to the core. 這個組織腐敗透頂。 rot v. & n．　　　 腐爛；腐敗變質(zhì)；形勢惡化 rot away 爛掉 Some apples rotted on the tree. 有些蘋果在樹上就腐爛了。 [即境活用2]　 完成句子 (1)Food goes_rotten (腐爛) easily in summer. (2)Too much sugar will rot_your_teeth (

4、使你的牙腐爛)． (3)The window frame has_rotten_away_completely (已經(jīng)完全爛掉了)． 3．blacken vt.變黑；使變黑 After a week’s use, the blackboard should be blackened. 使用了一周后，黑板應(yīng)該涂黑漆了。 He blackened the wrong parts in his composition. 他把作文中的錯誤部分涂黑了。 -en或en-與形容詞或名詞相結(jié)合后，原詞就由形容詞或名詞變成動詞。由這種詞綴構(gòu)成的動詞還有： darken　　　　　　　 使變暗 w

5、iden 加寬 strengthen 加強(qiáng) sharpen 使鋒利 enrich 使豐富 encourage 鼓勵 enlarge 使擴(kuò)大 endanger 使處于危險 [即境活用3] 用詞綴en-/-en構(gòu)成的詞完成句子 (1)The road is so narrow, and it will be widened (加寬) this summer. (2)Encouraged (激勵) by his words, his students devoted all of their time to study. (3)The power of

6、 the central government has been further strengthened (加強(qiáng))． (4)That experience enlarged (拓寬) their knowledge about history. 4．bless v．賜福于；感謝；保護(hù)……免于 I blessed him for helping me. 真要謝謝他幫了我。 　　 哎呀！我的天啊！ be blessed with 有幸得到；被賦予 blessing n. 祝福；天賜；幸運(yùn) blessed adj. 神圣的；有福的；該死的 Our country is

7、 blessed with abundant natural resources. 我們國家擁有豐富的自然資源。 Good health is a blessing. 健康就是幸福。 [即境活用4]　　用bless的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)My being late is all for that blessed car. (2)Father gives his blessing to our holidays plans. 5．hook (1)n.[C]鉤；吊鉤 He hung his coat on the hook behind the door. 他把外套掛在門后的掛鉤

8、上。 (2)vt.鉤??；迷上 Keep still; your hair’s hooked on a button. 別動，你的頭發(fā)鉤在鈕扣上了。 She was hooked by what the man had said. 那個男人說的話把她給迷住了。 off the hook　　　 擺脫危險；脫離困境 on the hook 陷入困境 hook up 用鉤子鉤??；安裝接通 I hope you can send a man to hook up my telephone soon. 我希望你能趕緊找人安裝好我的電話。 [即境活用5]　 完成句

9、子 (1)The man was on_the_hook (陷入圈套) designed by his beloved friend. (2)He hooked_up (鉤住) a big fish and held it out to her. 6．urgent adj.急迫的；緊急的 I must post this letter; it’s urgent. 我必須發(fā)這封信，它很緊急。 I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to. 今晚我不能與你一起外出，因?yàn)槲矣幸?/p>

10、件急事要處理。 (1)urgency n． 緊急；迫切；強(qiáng)求；催促 (2)urge vt. 推進(jìn)；極力主張；強(qiáng)調(diào)；力勸；激勵 urge sth./sb. on　　　　 催促某物/某人前進(jìn) urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 催促某人做某事 urge that ... (should) do sth. 極力主張；強(qiáng)調(diào)…… It is urged that ... (should) do sth. 堅決主張…… He urged on his pupils the importance of hard work. 他向?qū)W生們強(qiáng)調(diào)用

11、功的重要性。 The UN urged the country to stop violence immediately. 聯(lián)合國敦促該國應(yīng)立即停止暴力行為。 It is strongly urged that the library should be kept open during the vacation. 人們極力主張圖書館假期也開放。 [即境活用6] 單句改錯 (1)They urged us going with them. going前加into (2)The English teacher often urges that his st

12、udents must study harder. must→should或去掉must 7．cheerful adj.愉快的；高興的 He felt bright and cheerful and full of energy. 他感到興高采烈，渾身充滿活力。 cheer vi.&vt. (為……)歡呼；喝彩；使振奮；使高興 　 n. 歡呼；喝彩 cheer on 為……鼓氣；向……喝彩 cheer up (使)振作；(使)鼓舞；(使)高興起來 cheers 干杯(用于祝酒) I went to the playground to cheer o

13、ur team on. 我去操場為我們的隊(duì)伍加油。 When I’m feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up. 當(dāng)我感到憂傷時，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。 [即境活用7]　 用cheer的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)To our relief, she is more cheerful today. (2)They gathered round the swimming pool cheering her on. (3)If they win the final tonight, the te

14、am are going to tour around the city to_be_cheered by their enthusiastic supporters. 8．swear vt.& vi.(swore; sworn) (1)發(fā)誓；鄭重承諾(不用于被動語態(tài)) 　　　 發(fā)誓…… swear off sth. 發(fā)誓不做某事 She swore that she had never seen him. 她發(fā)誓她從未見過他。 She made him swear not to tell anyone. 她要他發(fā)誓不告訴任何人。 (2)宣誓；起誓 swear sb

15、.in　　　 使某人宣誓就職 He was sworn in a mayor last week. 上周，他宣誓就職市長。 [即境活用8]　　完成句子 (1)Donald Trump was_sworn_in_president (宣誓就職總統(tǒng)) in January 2017. (2)I’ve decided to swear_off_smoking (發(fā)誓戒煙)． 1．block out封閉(＝block off)；畫出……的略圖 They had to block out all entrances to stop the spreading of the fire.

16、 他們不得不封住所有入口以阻止大火的蔓延。 I have blocked out a plan of the house. 我已繪出了房子的草圖。 block up　　　　　　 阻礙；阻塞；堵塞 Try to block up these holes in the wall. 設(shè)法堵塞這些墻上的洞。 [即境活用9]　　完成句子 (1)That wall blocks_up (擋住) all the light. (2)This area has been blocked_out (封閉)． 2．hold on堅持；繼續(xù)；(打電話時用語)請等一下；不要掛斷 They man

17、aged to hold on until help arrived. 他們勉強(qiáng)堅持到救援到來。 Could you hold on? I’ll just see if the manager’s in. 你不要掛斷電話好嗎？我去看一看經(jīng)理在不在。 hold down　　　　 壓低；壓制 hold back 阻止；抑制，隱瞞 hold on to 抓住；執(zhí)著于；固守 hold out 伸出；持續(xù)；堅持到底 hold up 舉起；阻止 He held up his head and saw Susan in front of him. 他抬起頭，看見蘇姍在他面

18、前。 [即境活用10]　 完成句子 (1)我們可以在這里一直待到我們的貯備品用完。 We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold_out. (2)她總算抑制住了自己的憤怒情緒。 She just managed to hold_back her anger. (3)他到現(xiàn)在還沒到，是什么耽誤了他？ He hasn’t turned up.What held_him_up? 1．A spider was making its web while Robert the Bruce was w

19、atching it in a cave. 羅伯特·布魯斯正在一個山洞里觀看蜘蛛織網(wǎng)。 句中while意為“在……過程中”，while的用法歸納： While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她聽著收音機(jī)睡著了。 Some people waste food while others haven’t enough to eat. 有些人浪費(fèi)糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。 While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 雖然他愛他的學(xué)生，可是他對他

20、們很嚴(yán)格。 You don’t have to worry while we are here. 只要我們在，你就別擔(dān)心。 though, however, but, while (1)從詞義上看，四個詞相近，均表示轉(zhuǎn)折，其中but語氣強(qiáng)烈，意為“但是”。 (2)從詞性上看，however和though用作副詞，當(dāng)“然而，可是”講，而but和while用作連詞用于連接并列分句。 (3)從句子位置看，but與while一般位于兩個分句之間；however位置靈活，可位于句首、句中和句尾，而且用逗號與句子分開；though一般置于句末。 It’s an old car, but

21、it’s very reliable. 這是一輛舊車，但是性能非?？煽俊? The plan is all right; however, it can be made better. 這個計劃不錯，不過應(yīng)該還可以更好。 I’m interested in sports while my brother is fond of music. 我對體育感興趣，而我弟弟卻愛好音樂。 It is expensive. I’ll buy one, though. (那東西)很貴，然而我打算買一個。 [即境活用11]　 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空 (1)Schools in the south t

22、end to be better equipped, while those in the north are relatively poor. (2)The lecturer spoke very fast but very clearly. (3)This method has been widely adopted. However,_it is not yet clear that it is the best method. 2．So it_was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this a

23、dvertisement： 于是在1914年7月的一個早晨，我極其興奮地讀了以下這則廣告： 這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)了with great excitement“滿懷興奮地”。 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本形式是：“It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋剩余部分”，此句式經(jīng)常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語、賓語或狀語，不可強(qiáng)調(diào)表語和謂語。 It was in the library that I met my wife. 正是在這家圖書館我遇見了我的妻子。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋剩余部分？ Was it Tom that came to

24、 see me yesterday when I was out? 昨天我不在家時，來找我的是湯姆嗎？ (3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋剩余部分？ How was it that the little girl got in touch with her father? 這個小女孩是怎樣和她爸爸取得聯(lián)系的？ (4)not ... until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was not until ... that ...　 It was not until 11 o’clock that her husband came back last night.

25、 昨天晚上她丈夫直到11點(diǎn)才回家。 (5)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的從句＋that＋其他部分． It was what the headmaster said at the meeting that really surprised us. 正是校長在會上所說的使我們很吃驚。 [即境活用12]　 用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature that he chose the course. (2)It was (be) Mary

26、who gave away the secret. (3)It is you that are (be) likely to win the contest. (4)Who was it that phoned just now? (5)When was it that you lost (lose) your luggage? 3．Calling us calmly together, he made an_urgent_announcement_that_we_must_save_only_essential_supplies before the ship sank，partic

27、ularly the small boats，food，cooking equipment，candles，bedding and clothes. 他鎮(zhèn)靜地把大家召集起來，緊急宣布我們必須在船沉之前只搶出基本給養(yǎng)，尤其是小船、食物、炊具、蠟燭、被褥和衣服。 這是一個復(fù)合句，calling us calmly together是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，在句中作狀語；announcement后面接 了一個that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，在這個同位語從句中，又含有一個before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： 同位語從句中的連接詞不指代從句前的名詞，而定語從句中的關(guān)系詞指代其前的先行

28、詞，試比較： The general gave an order that we should set out. (同位語從句) 將軍命令我們出發(fā)。(其中的that不指代order) The general gave an order that we must obey. (定語從句) 將軍下了一個我們必須服從的命令。(句中的that指代order，并在從句中作obey的賓語) I visited the school where I used to study. 我拜訪了我的母校。(where在從句中作狀語，在這里指代in the school) The question wh

29、ere we will have the party is not decided. 我們在哪兒開宴會，這一問題還沒有決定。(where在從句中作狀語，說明question內(nèi)容的一部分) [即境活用13]　 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空 (1)We have proof that this man committed the crime. (2)There’s some doubt whether John will come on time. (3)The question who should do the work requires consideration. (4)The orde

30、r that/which we received yesterday was wrong. Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．We should strengthen our national defence gradually. 2．He found her rudeness unbearable. 3．The plane crashed killing all 200 people aboard. 4．The thick smoke made the firefighters breathless. 5．The old man is cheerful in spite of his ill

31、ness. 6．She died in that flood.We all mourned (哀悼) the loss of her. 7．The president made an announcement (通告) about that matter. 8．The work he does is absolutely vital (重要的)． 9．Though he failed many times, I still have faith (信心) in him. 10．All the seeds used in this field are selected(選擇)． Ⅱ.

32、選詞填空 give way to， set out， hold on， as usual， remind ... of 1．Hold_on a minute while I get my breath back. 2．Cloudy mornings give_way_toclear evenings. 3．There weren’t many people at the meeting as_usual. 4．The doctor set_out to operate on the patient as soon as everything was ready. 5．All thi

33、s reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she can to let me have the best. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Struggling_in_a_world_of_silence_and_darkness (掙扎在無聲和黑暗的世界里), she seemed to be simple-minded. 2．He slept on firewood and straw to remind_himself_of_his_sufferings (提醒自己不忘苦難)． 3．As I was_about_to (正要)

34、become self-pitying, the door to our shelter opens and a_blast_of_cold_air (一陣?yán)滹L(fēng)) tears through the hut. 4．This team-spirit contributed_to_the_morale (鼓舞了士氣) of the crew and saved our lives. 5．He made_me_a_steward (讓我當(dāng)膳務(wù)員) to help cook twenty-eight meals three times a day. Ⅳ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．The moment we

35、 settled on Elephant Island, Shackleton explained his plan to save us. As_soon_as we settled on Elephant Island, Shackleton explained his plan to save us. 2．She didn’t go to sleep until her husband came back safely. It_was_not_until her husband came back safely that she went to sleep. 3．I yelled

36、 in such a hoarse voice that I hardly recognized as my own. I yelled so hoarsely that I hardly recognized it as my own. 4．The ship was crushed gradually in front of our eyes. The ship was crushed little by little before_us. 5．We who remained on Elephant Island swore that we would do as he advoca

37、ted. Remaining_on_Elephant_Island,_we swore that we would do as he advocated. Ⅴ.閱讀理解 A We all have ups and downs, and usually it’s just best to accept them.But perhaps you are concerned about someone who seems to be depressed (低沉，憂郁). Maybe he or she never feels like doing anything and never eve

38、n wants to talk.Is it best for you not to interfere？Should you just sit tight and wait for him or her to get out of it themselves? There are ways you can help.Here are a few. 1．Get the person to talk. Try to get him or her to tell you not only about the depression itself, but about the fears, wish

39、es, or losses that underlie it. This is often difficult, of course, but it can be very useful. If nothing else, it will reassure the person that someone cares. 2．Don’t tell a depressed person that things are“not the bad”. To him or her, they are. 3．Keep the person active. Depression causes tiredne

40、ss, which leads to more depression, and so on. Productive or entertaining activities can help break this vicious (惡性的) cycle. Very often a change of scene or a vacation can be effective. 4．If you are struggling with depression yourself, make yourself do something, however trivial (small) it may see

41、m. Make your bed or clean up your room, for example. You will be able to tell yourself you’ve accomplished (完成) something. 5．If serious depression reaction lasts for more than two weeks, you should begin to seek medical help. 1．All the following will prove helpful for a depressed person EXCEPT ___

42、_____. A．keeping him active B．letting him have a vacation C．waiting for him to tell you his trouble D．inviting him to entertain activities 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第五段可知，讓人擺脫低落情緒的好方法是讓他跟人聊天，參加一些有意義的活動等。 2．In order to fight against your own depression, you should________. A．drop everything you are doing

43、B．get away from anyone who comes to offer help C．go to doctors as soon as possible D．do something no matter how unimportant it seems to be 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第六段中可以看出，讓自己擺脫低落情緒的好方法是讓自己投入到做事中去，使自己有成就感。 3．What does the phrase “sit tight” in the last sentence of the first paragraph mean? A．Take a fixed

44、seat. B．Stick firmly to one’s opinion. C．Sit closed in a small place. D．Fasten the seat belt. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。從第一段可以推出答案。 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．How to help those suffering from depression after a serious illness. B．How to get those you are concerned about out of depression.

45、C．How to help oneself overcome the depression. D．How to help oneself and others get out of low spirits. 解析：選D　主旨大意題。本文就是介紹了擺脫低落情緒的五種方法。 B Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: givin

46、g away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighbourhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving a

47、way is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in all unexpected form. One Sunday morning, the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my

48、 office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appea

49、red in the doorway. He had overheard (無意中聽到) our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home？” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a le

50、tter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述的是直到三十多歲作者才明白給予對生活的重大意義，活著并不是一味地索取，而給予也并不取決于是否有錢。作者通過事例向我們闡述了這個道理。 5．From the passage, we understand that the author ________. A．did not understand the importance of giving until he was in his late thirties B．w

51、as like most people who were mostly receivers rather than givers C．received the same education as most people during his childhood D．liked most people as they looked upon life as a process of getting 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段中的第二句“It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery:

52、giving away makes life so much more exciting.”可知，作者直到自己30多歲才開始懂得給予使生活更加有意義。故選A。 6．According to the author, ________. A．giving means you will lack money B．the excitement of giving can bring you money C．you don’t have to be rich in order to give D．when you give away money, you will be rich 解析：選C

53、　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段的最后一句“You need not worry if you lack money.”可知作者認(rèn)為給予與金錢無關(guān)。A、B、D三項(xiàng)均不符合題意，故選C。 7．The author would make the suggestion to the storekeeper ________. A．in writing B．in person C．in the window display D．a(chǎn)bout the neighbourhood 解析：選B　推理判斷題。由第二段第二句“If an idea for improving the window displ

54、ay of a neighbourhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper.”可知，這是作者假設(shè)的一種情況，如果“我”突然發(fā)現(xiàn)鄰居的櫥窗擺設(shè)需要改善，“我”會走進(jìn)去然后跟老板提出建議，即親自去，故選 B。 8．When the author needed a post office box, ________. A．he had put his name on a waiting list B．he wrote the postmaster a note of apprec

55、iation C．many people had applied for post office boxes before him D．he asked the postmaster to make one for him 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第四句“I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list.”可知，當(dāng)作者需要一個郵箱的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)沒有了，而且我前面早就有很多人登記著名字等待，故選C。