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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上鄭州科技學(xué)院 畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計)文獻綜述 題 目 名 稱 花生去殼機的設(shè)計 題 目 類 別 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 系 別 機械 工 程 系 專 業(yè) 班 級 10機制本x班 學(xué) 生 姓 名 xxx 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 xxx 完 成 日 期 2014年3月10日 花生脫殼機的設(shè)計摘要：我國加入WTO以來，國內(nèi)外關(guān)于花生脫殼機機械的開發(fā)與推廣應(yīng)用日益增多，針對現(xiàn)有花生脫殼機機械存在的優(yōu)點與不足，在未來的發(fā)展的過程中，對花生脫殼機機械在生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中的經(jīng)驗進行總結(jié)，不斷完善其功能，使其呈現(xiàn)良好的發(fā)展勢頭。關(guān)鍵詞：箱體；機架；工藝； 一，花生脫殼機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 我國花生脫殼機的研制自1963年

2、原八機部下達花生脫殼機的研制課題以來已有幾十種花生脫殼機問世。只進行單一脫殼功能的花生脫殼機結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、價格便宜、以小型家用為主的花生脫殼機在我國一些地區(qū)廣泛應(yīng)用，能夠完成脫殼、分離、清選和分級功能的較大型花生脫殼機在一些大批量花生加工的企業(yè)中應(yīng)用較為普遍。國內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的花生脫殼機種類很多，如6HB-6型花生剝殼機 ，6HB-20型花生剝殼機，6HB-2型花生脫殼機等,技術(shù)參數(shù)見附表,其作業(yè)效率為人工作業(yè)效率的20-60倍以上。6HB-180型花生脫殼機械采用了三軋輥混合脫殼結(jié)構(gòu),能夠進行二次脫殼。而隨著我國花生產(chǎn)業(yè)的進一步調(diào)整,花生產(chǎn)量逐年增加,花生的機械化脫殼程度將大幅提高,花生脫殼機械將擁有廣

3、闊的發(fā)展前景。花生剝殼的原理很多,因此產(chǎn)生了很多種不同的花生剝殼機械?；ㄉ鷦儦げ考腔ㄉ鷦儦C的關(guān)鍵工作部件.剝殼部件的技術(shù)水平?jīng)Q定了機具作業(yè)剛花生仁破碎率、花生果一次剝凈率及生產(chǎn)效率等重要的經(jīng)濟指標。在目前的生產(chǎn)銷售中,花生仁破碎率是社會最為關(guān)心的主要指標。八十年代以前的花生剝殼機械,破碎率一般都大于8%有時高達15%以上。加工出的花生仁,只能用來榨油,不能作種用.也達到出口標準。為了降低破碎率而探討新的剝殼原理,研制新式剝殼部件,便成為花生剝殼機械的重要研究課題。從六十年代初,開始在我國出現(xiàn)了封閉式紋桿滾筒,柵條凹板式花生剝殼機。自1983年以來,在已有的花生剝殼部件的研制基礎(chǔ)上,我國又相

4、繼研制了多種不同結(jié)構(gòu)型式的新式剝殼部件,其主要經(jīng)濟技術(shù)指標,特別是破殼率指標大有改善。二，花生脫殼機械研究重點我國加入WTO以來，國內(nèi)外關(guān)于花生脫殼機械的開發(fā)與推廣應(yīng)用日益增多。針對現(xiàn)有花生脫殼機械存在的優(yōu)點與不足,在未來的發(fā)展過程中,對花生脫殼機械在生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中的經(jīng)驗進行總結(jié),不斷完善其功能,使其呈現(xiàn)良好的發(fā)展勢頭。提高花生脫殼機械的通用性和兼容性,使研制的花生脫殼機械通過更換主要部件能夠同時對其他帶殼物料進行脫殼加工。研制通過變換主要工作部件即能滿足不同堅果脫殼作業(yè)需要的脫殼機具。并提高制造工藝水平降低制造成本,以適應(yīng)不同加工企業(yè)的需要?；ㄉ摎C械能否適應(yīng)這種發(fā)展趨勢,將直接影響到花生脫殼

5、機械能否更好的推廣應(yīng)用與健康發(fā)展。提高機械脫殼率。降低破損率,對花生脫殼機械的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與工作部件進行重點攻關(guān),改革傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),研究新的脫殼機理,優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，同時在整體配置上進一步改進和完善，提高脫殼率，降低籽仁破損率。目前國內(nèi)外的花生脫殼機械均存在脫殼率和破損率之間的矛盾，處理好這一關(guān)鍵技術(shù)將關(guān)系到花生脫殼機械的發(fā)展前景。向自動控制和自動化方向發(fā)展大多數(shù)機具目前仍依賴人工喂料或定位，影響了作業(yè)速度和作業(yè)質(zhì)量。因此應(yīng)通過機電一體化手段，開發(fā)設(shè)計自動喂料、自動定位脫殼裝置，保證均勻喂料與有效定位，實現(xiàn)機組自動化操作。進一步提高作業(yè)精確性和作業(yè)速度，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量與生產(chǎn)率，滿足部分大、中型加工企業(yè)的需

6、要，以開拓國內(nèi)和國外市場。新技術(shù)原理、新結(jié)構(gòu)材料、新工藝將不斷應(yīng)用于花生機械的研制開發(fā)中,隨著液壓技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)、控制技術(shù)以及化工、冶金工業(yè)的發(fā)展。許多復(fù)雜的機械機構(gòu)、動力傳遞、笨重的材料和落后的工藝將逐漸被取代。減輕重量、減少阻力、簡化操作、減少輔助工作時間、延長使用壽命、降低勞動使用費用等將作為主要設(shè)計目標應(yīng)用于脫殼機械的設(shè)計制造。隨著國內(nèi)外高新技術(shù)的進一步發(fā)展,如何將這些高新技術(shù)更好的應(yīng)用到實際生產(chǎn)中,也是目前花生脫殼機械需要盡快解決的問題。三， 花生脫殼機械的工藝研究 在脫殼技術(shù)方面，除了在原理和設(shè)備上進行研究外，人們還在工藝上進行了研究以提高籽粒的脫殼率及脫殼質(zhì)量。 分級處理 物料的

7、粒度范圍大，必須先按大小分級，再進行脫殼，才能提高脫殼率，減少破損率。 水分含量 花生莢果的含水率對脫殼效果有很大的影響，含水率大，則外殼的韌性增加；含水率小，則果仁的粉末度大。因此應(yīng)使花生莢果盡量保持最適當?shù)暮?，以保證外殼和果仁具有最大彈性變形和塑性變形的差異，即外殼含水率低到使其具有最大的脆性，脫殼時能被充分破裂，同時又要保持仁的可塑性，不能因水分太少而使果仁在外力作用下粉末度太大，可減少果仁破損率。四，花生脫殼機械應(yīng)用前景展望展望花生脫殼機械應(yīng)用前景?；ㄉa(chǎn)機械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重要組成部分，是農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的重要保證，近年來，花生機械裝備總量不斷穩(wěn)步增長，作業(yè)水平進一步

8、提高，社會化服務(wù)規(guī)模不斷擴大，雖然目前花生脫殼機械化水平較高，但是多應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)與示范推廣區(qū)，并且小型機械多、大型機械少，低檔機械多、高性能機械少。在一些地區(qū)，用作種子和特殊用途的花生仁仍采用傳統(tǒng)的手工剝殼，勞動生產(chǎn)率低，區(qū)域性發(fā)展不平衡。進入21世紀，我國花生生產(chǎn)機械化開始了新的發(fā)展階段，農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整發(fā)生了新的變化，也對花生機械的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了積極而深遠的影響，不僅拉動了新的有效需求，而且構(gòu)筑了適合花生生產(chǎn)機械化發(fā)展的新舞臺，為花生生產(chǎn)機械化真正成為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的推動器提供了廣闊的市場發(fā)展條件。在一些地區(qū)推進花生生產(chǎn)機械化的過程中，相繼出臺了鼓勵和扶持農(nóng)民購買花生機械、開展花生機械作業(yè)服務(wù)

9、的優(yōu)惠政策和措施，調(diào)動了農(nóng)民購買花生機械的積極性，形成了新的市場需求。隨著花生種植業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，國內(nèi)外對花生深加工產(chǎn)品的需求不斷增大，提高花生脫殼機械化作業(yè)水平成為必然?；ㄉ摎C在提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，減輕勞動強度方面起到了積極的作用，促進了花生加工業(yè)的科技進步，為花生脫殼機械的發(fā)展提供了空間。五，花生去殼機存在的問題：目前我國在花生脫殼技術(shù)研究方面一直沒有大的突破，資金投入也不足，脫殼部件的研制仍在20世紀90年代初的技術(shù)水平上徘徊，所以在脫殼性能上并沒有很大的提高。由于機械脫殼時對花生仁的損傷率偏高，用于種子和較長期貯存的花生仁至今仍是手工剝殼。脫殼機械在技術(shù)性能和作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)上存在以下問題：（1

10、）脫殼率低，脫殼后的果仁破損率高，損失大。（2）機具性能不穩(wěn)定，適應(yīng)性差。（3）通用性差，利用率低。（4）作業(yè)成本偏高，多數(shù)是單機制造，制造的工藝水平較低，同時能耗較高。（5） 有些產(chǎn)品僅進行了樣機試制或少量試生產(chǎn)未進行大量生產(chǎn)性考核和示范應(yīng)用，作業(yè)性能。參考文獻1張龍勛機械制造工藝學(xué)課程設(shè)計指導(dǎo)書機械工業(yè)出版社，19992朱文堅, 劉小康機械設(shè)計方法學(xué)廣州：華南理工大學(xué)出版社，20063李益民機械制造工藝設(shè)計簡明手冊機械工業(yè)出版社，19984機械工程手冊編委會機械工程手冊機械工業(yè)出版社，19995周靄明機械制圖同濟大學(xué)出版社，20016成大先機械設(shè)計手冊北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，20027祝毓琥

11、機械原理北京 : 高等敎育出版社, 19868黃鶴汀. 機械制造裝備. 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2001 外文翻譯Peanut shelling machine designAbstract: Since the country joined the WTO, on the development and application of domestic and foreign peanut shelling machine machinery increased, for the advantages and disadvantages of existing peanut shelling m

12、achine machinery exists, in the course of future development, peanut shelling machine mechanical experience in production applications were summarized, and constantly improve its capabilities, it showed a good momentum of development.Keywords: cabinet; rack; process;First, the status of development

13、of peanut shelling machine Development of peanut shelling machine since 1963 the Ministry issued the original eight local research topic since peanut shelling machine has dozens of peanut shelling machine available. Only a single simple function of peanut shelling machine shelling , cheap to small h

14、ome -based peanut shelling machine is widely used in some parts of China , to complete shelling , separating, sorting and clearing larger peanut grading functions sheller in some large quantities of peanut processing enterprises in more general use . Existing domestic peanut shelling machine many ty

15、pes, such as 6HB-6 -type peanut sheller , 6HB-20 -type peanut sheller , 6HB-2 type peanut shelling machine, technical parameters see table , its operating efficiency man 20-60 times more efficient working industry . 6HB-180 -type peanut shelling mechanical mixing using a three roll shelling structur

16、e allows the second shell . With further adjustment of the peanut industry, peanut production increased year by year , the degree of mechanization shelling peanuts will be a substantial increase in peanut shelling machinery will have broad prospects for development . Many of the principles of peanut

17、 sheller , resulting in a variety of different mechanical peanut sheller . Peanut sheller is a key component of working parts peanut sheller machine . Technological level sheller machines operating components determines the rate of just crushing peanuts , peanuts and a stripping ratio of net product

18、ion efficiency and other important economic indicators. In the current production and sales , peanuts are the main indicators of social fragmentation rate of most concern. Eighties previous peanut sheller machinery , crushing rates are generally greater than 8% and sometimes as high as 15%. Processe

19、d peanuts , can be used to extract oil and not for breeding . Also meet export standards . In order to reduce the fragmentation rate and to explore new sheller principle , developed new shelling parts, has become an important research topic peanut sheller machine . From the early sixties, began in C

20、hina is seeing a closed cylinder rod pattern , rack gravure peanut sheller . Since 1983 , the basis of the existing research on the peanut sheller parts , they have developed a variety of different structural types of new sheller parts , its main economic indicators , especially indicators significa

21、ntly improved the rate of broken shell .Second, the research focus peanut shelling machinery Since Chinas accession to WTO, domestic development and application on peanut shelling machine is increasing. For the advantages and disadvantages of existing peanut shelling machinery exist in the future de

22、velopment process, the peanut shelling machinery experience in production applications were summarized, and constantly improve its capabilities, it showed a good momentum of development. Improve peanut shelling machine versatility and compatibility , making peanut shelling machinery developed by maj

23、or component replacement can be carried out while the other shell materials shelling processing. Developed by converting the main working parts that can meet the needs of different jobs shelling nuts shelling machines . And to improve the manufacturing process to reduce manufacturing costs in order

24、to meet the needs of different processing enterprises. Peanut shelling mechanical ability to adapt to this trend , will directly affect the peanut shelling machinery can better promote the application and healthy development. Improve the mechanical shelling rate. Reduce the breakage rate , the key t

25、echnology and working parts peanut shelling machine to focus on research, reform traditional structures , research new shelling mechanism , optimizing the structure design , and further improve and perfect the overall configuration , improved shelling rate and reduce seed kernel breakage . Peanut sh

26、elling machinery at home and abroad are shelling rate and there is a contradiction between the breakage rate , handle this critical technology related to the development prospects of peanut shelling machine . Automatic control and automation to the direction of most equipment is still dependent on a

27、rtificial feeding or positioning , affecting the operating speed and quality of operations . So should the means by mechatronics , development and design automatic feeding , automatic positioning shelling device to ensure uniform feeding and effective positioning , to achieve automation unit . Furth

28、er improve operational accuracy and operating speed , improve product quality and productivity to meet the needs of some large and medium-sized processing enterprises to develop domestic and foreign markets. New technology and new structural materials, new technology research and development will co

29、ntinue to be applied to peanut machinery, with the hydraulic technology, electronic technology, control technology and chemical industry, metallurgical industry development. Many complex mechanical structure, power transmission, heavy materials and processes behind will gradually be replaced. Reduce

30、 weight , reduce drag , streamline operations , reduce auxiliary working hours, long life, low labor costs, etc. to use as a primary design goal will be applied to the design and manufacture of mechanical shelling . With the further development of domestic and foreign high-tech , high-tech better ho

31、w these are applied to actual production, is currently the peanut shelling mechanical problems need to be resolved as soon as possible .Third, the research process peanut shelling machine In shelling technology, in addition to research on the theory and equipment, people still were studied in order

32、to improve the quality of grain husking rate and shelling on the process . Particle size range of graded material handling large , must first size grading , and then shelling , shelling in order to improve the rate and reduce breakage . The pod moisture content with the moisture content of a large e

33、ffect on the impact shelling , water rate, to increase the toughness of the housing; small water content , the powder of large nuts . The pod should therefore make it possible to maintain the proper moisture content to ensure that the housing and the nut has a maximum elastic deformation and plastic

34、 deformation of the difference , that the housing has a maximum moisture content is low to make it brittle , when the shell can be fully broken, while maintaining the plasticity of benevolence , not because of too little water in the external force leaving the nuts powder is too large , you can redu

35、ce the breakage rate nuts .Fourth, peanut shelling prospect mechanical outlook Looking peanut shelling prospect machinery. Peanut production mechanization is an important part of the modernization of agriculture is an important guarantee sustained and rapid development of agriculture and rural econo

36、my in recent years, the total amount of peanut machinery and equipment continued to grow steadily, to further improve the operating level , social services have been expanding, although peanuts shelling higher level of mechanization , but more used in economically developed areas and demonstration a

37、reas, and small machinery , less large machinery , low-grade machinery , less high-performance machinery. In some areas, special use as seed and peanuts are still using the traditional hand- sheller , low labor productivity , regional development imbalances. In the 21st century , Chinas peanut produ

38、ction mechanization began a new stage of development , the adjustment of agricultural structure of the new changes have taken place , but also the development of peanut machinery has had a positive and profound impact , not only stimulating new and effective demand, and build a suitable peanut produ

39、ction mechanization new stage of development for peanut production mechanization truly promote rural economic development provides a broad market conditions . Promoting peanut production mechanization process in some areas , have been introduced to encourage and support farmers to buy peanut machine

40、ry, preferential policies and measures to carry out mechanical operations services peanuts , peanut farmers to buy machinery to mobilize the enthusiasm, the formation of a new market demands. With the continuous development of peanut farming , domestic and international demand for peanut processing

41、products continues to increase and improve the level of mechanization peanut shelling became inevitable. Peanut shelling machine to play in improving labor productivity , reduce labor intensity a positive role in promoting the scientific and technological progress peanut processing industry , peanut

42、 shelling machine for the development of a space.Fifth, shelled peanut machine problems: At present our research in peanut shelling technology has been no major breakthrough, but also lack of capital investment, research and shelling is still hovering on the early part of the 1990s level of technolo

43、gy, so the shelling did not greatly improve performance. Due to mechanical shelling peanuts for a high damage rate for longer-term storage of seeds and peanut sheller is still handmade. Mechanical shelling the following problems in the technical performance and operational aspects: (1) shelling low

44、breakage rate shelling nuts after big losses. Unstable (2) equipment performance, poor adaptability. (3) general poor, low utilization rate. High (4) operating costs, mostly single manufacturer, the lower level of the manufacturing process, while higher energy consumption. (5) Some products were only a small amount of pre-production prototype trial or not for mass production of the assessment and application of the model, the operating performance.專心-專注-專業(yè)