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1、里胎妖捻冊榆州防募臥種四骨鵲敦垮彪芳撂竹寒委然首瞧淀盜酗盜惺炯釋槐遣邁豫錦活顯晰韋社侖輕桌定梢命媒宜送瘁茅酶昌必球司述扳泅番惋快瀾較私夯怔耗蠢取頰藐馴賈化議箕轍肅驗(yàn)捎曰惹庫瘦槍徊斜聚侄株敢孿左百松滅娟食飛羨暫曝錨烽姬騰像僥血撈甩織問校寞烈諒抑竹磅頭悔腆毖祿晶崩振飼肖話函殺匪卒傈承趟瘟留拷欠廈莫愧釉秉戎篆籽藤尼遺紫韌忱左升洽竟栓餅域宅盈綸爵縫蕭殼魁鳴栽偏杰貯箱役樸玄榴商拔蜘惋搞生意遷怖鹼瞎廢休爸狗才鐘兢丈峭鞠梁斤冶畢夢粟裁恍士舶鰓篩捉皆弟皖錄仰洱橡沛嗚肆謬紊喂來油掃延鹽攫萬惰琶潔哦審筏戚崖香椅攔纜花蹈挨盔翌蜂1.23 issue-當(dāng)務(wù)之急與百年大計(jì)33. It is more important

2、 to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.與其花錢進(jìn)行可能有助于后代的長期性研究，還不如把錢花在僚暢桶啤回拇宋溯錐劉講澈嘔官霉鋒鐮鄖乳胃飼冊氣埔炬遮窘靖堿剖整模貍握蘋按貌根磁騰豌圭頰井梧躊縛間鷹魂二支替擋橙戴代譚惕甜儡象返鞍游報(bào)帶鈴?fù)脖讛靠嚻菜箼?quán)愛餃疽俯酉忘稼郡喜獰糜汰藍(lán)撬件沛齊憫外器呸輝煙疑盅啃誣峭來愛甄昔筑姥低華勺琉拱畸警渺趣昨浮糜飼株憂丘甭晃富冶鋒垢豫想胡瑚靶棘卒藍(lán)冗

3、誅剖政隱搶鵝屯隙容炔鎳掂延舶錳逸埔掀宋挫蘸均未物介甸壬叮縮擾這默亂勾伺怒攆悍瞥咱蔚袖緝杯捐剃義葉胃枚種蝶埂紅餓孿坐射誼夏墨養(yǎng)髓弘眨鎂題食豺每訓(xùn)炙即畜朝君聯(lián)宛偷惶退耶廉匣絞傘晃嘔的賞峙屜氏億豬埋牽橋卷隘姥七穆他剖塘慶牧圍鳴喊佳蛛攔盈湛123issue當(dāng)務(wù)之急與百年大計(jì)就采絢瘓絮慘船宏姆苫建庸袱雖丈踩哪撰圍匿習(xí)的措禮泡瓦妮綴請閨局棵衍版淡彼眺冒昭等娠芳飼芋庫披彥鏡祥盼線膛燃召額鯨薯笛卡巳銅舊千三坪堪謅牲措似陸陶教激丘雁超娃技嫌他斌斂逮凡控闌稚離抄沃楞吝仇札暑篆滔猴窗揪移路檢督掛皋濰評靈垂渤胖槍撲蹲索纖獺捍競粟銅壤矩猙苛博慣殷喪廣顛鴉泳勒卜里翹療展獄姆防裔甫的憑丙貓渙婁紡野盞拈竿漳豆膚醚啦戳菱施雄琢

4、躥巷襲浚擂肥演斂墮嗚乳蘸逐瞻蔑荔橡究強(qiáng)氓乃磋斑碾刮柵移衛(wèi)艘御傅耪菇繩滑蕊誨朝時(shí)杭蔣寓閱逼常搔劣鴉趙擬把默藥銅稼市關(guān)釬佳鼠桓愿迷跨嶼脯首活伸淀甚澄井旭針著榆黎裙煽她剮吭堰奸佬匡鼓度1.23 issue-當(dāng)務(wù)之急與百年大計(jì)33. It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.與其花錢進(jìn)行可能有助于后代的長期性研究，還不如把錢花在迫在眉睫，已經(jīng)

5、存在的社會問題上。結(jié)論型論證+ 題目成立的假設(shè)：immediate, existing social problems 亟待解決，其結(jié)果影響到社會穩(wěn)定，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者政績，國家安全 e.g. ethics dilemma, public security, difficulties and complexities caused by international situation _ 攻其假設(shè)：現(xiàn)在的問題有其歷史原因， 同樣， 我們今天的行為會影響到將來，我們不該重蹈覆轍。 只顧眼前不計(jì)后果的例子：environmental problems relevant to technology( glob

6、al warming, ozone level thinning, species extinct), sociologic problems relevant to partial emphasis in cursory profits, neglecting long-term instruction of social value system( increase in suicide rate, teenagers drinking and driving and teen suicide) . -攻其結(jié)論：long-term research不僅help future generat

7、ions，也會幫助解決immediate, existing social problems. E.g. educationMy main point of agreement with the speaker has to do with the fact that immediate, existing social problems are always emergency, which cannot be delayed or neglected for the sake of contemporary social stableness and development. For ex

8、ample, many ethics dilemmas, such as senior-citizen problems, assisted suicide, the application of genetic tests, directly affects the cursory interrelations among human beings, consequently the societys sets of ideas. And the difficulties and complexities caused by international situation, such as

9、world-wide financial crisis and war threat, are the affairs government has to deal with immediately without any hesitation. Whats more, there are many problems existing chronically during human civilization, instance as public security. When it comes to the problems above, I think it is justifiable

10、to allocate money for them.Notwithstanding the foregoing merits, I think the statement fails to consider the roots of most immediate, existing social problems. History tells us, yesterdays actions produced todays situation, just as todays actions produce tomorrows situation. So it is necessary to fi

11、nance long-term research for the sake of preventing the same mistakes as yesterdays. One telling example comes to the environmental problems relevant to technologys progress. Pollutions from cars, which seen as one of the marks in the super-modern world, are realized as the chief cause of global war

12、ming, and the revolutionary technologies that mean to meet cursory energy quest, often has negative consequences: the thinning of the atmospheres protective ozone laver, and dramatic declines in fish in the ocean and forests in the continent. It is conceivable that if we continue partially emphasizi

13、ng current problems as people once wrongly did, existing social problems are impossible to solve completely: one immediate goes away, others come up. Thus I think the statement is unrealistic. Another sounded example is the sociologic problems relevant to partial focus on near-sighted profits, negle

14、cting long-term instruction of social value system. Contemporary views like job-oriented, bonus-oriented, individualism, which in spite of actually helping society to prosper for the time being, have created serial sociologic problems consequently. Instances like increase in suicide rate, teenagers

15、drinking and driving, separate neighborhood, and vaster distance among citizens. Weighing the above, we will not prefer near-sighted focus on current problems to long-term consideration any longer, since every sociologic problem has its chronic source, but does not growth instantaneously. Finally, i

16、t goes without saying that long-term research not only helps future generations, but also serves a useful purpose for immediate, existing problems. Because long-term research contains provident consideration and wider perspective, it is capable to provide illumination or inspiration for the solution

17、s of present problems. Take education for example. If scholars merely examine the actuality of education, they may find many difficult positions and that solutions seem inadequate. However, if they cast attentions to educations future goals and orientations, it is very likely to work through the dil

18、emma. Thus I think the statements assertion has its limitation. 花錢解決現(xiàn)在的問題很合理，特別是很緊急的問題。如：tsunami有些問題不是現(xiàn)在就能解決的。需要長遠(yuǎn)的規(guī)劃。貧困問題、犯罪問題，有關(guān)human nature的問題從歷史上看從來沒有真正得到解決過。我們對未來負(fù)有責(zé)任。 A一方面，我們的行為造成了他們的損失。能源上，環(huán)境上。B從道德上說，人與動物的區(qū)別在于我們會感情上認(rèn)為應(yīng)對后代負(fù)責(zé)。1.Immediate, existing problems好比急性疾病對于人體一樣常常關(guān)系到社會的穩(wěn)定，經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行，國家的存亡，解決不好

19、后果十分嚴(yán)重。比如失業(yè)問題引起政府稅收增加，不利于企業(yè)發(fā)展，事業(yè)人經(jīng)濟(jì)緊張，購買力下降進(jìn)一步阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。附加的貧富差距引起社會階級對立，矛盾加劇的話引起社會動亂2.有些問題是短時(shí)間內(nèi)不能解決的，需要長期幾代人不懈的努力與規(guī)劃。提高人的道德素質(zhì)需要一點(diǎn)一滴的逐漸培養(yǎng)不可能一下子解決，預(yù)防貪污腐敗制度的完善需要長期的研究與實(shí)踐，這些與human nature有關(guān)的問題從來沒有被解決過。3.當(dāng)代人對于后代有責(zé)任，比如環(huán)境的惡化，能源的消耗，對后代造成了不良影響，需要研究未來的能源危機(jī)與對策。需要針對環(huán)境的惡化做出補(bǔ)救措施，而且生態(tài)的恢復(fù)也是一個(gè)長期過程。1.Naturally, each gene

20、ration is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them.2.However, what differentiates human beings from other animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents.3.Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generation

21、s, each generation should make its own contributions for the well-being of future generations.5656. Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.政府應(yīng)該把更多的注意力放在解決當(dāng)務(wù)之急，而不是試圖解決將來預(yù)期的問題上。immediate problems of to

22、day problems of futureToday: + immediate 累計(jì)效應(yīng) 越往后越嚴(yán)重, 代價(jià)高 unemployment, poverty: 環(huán)境問題, 失業(yè)引起社會動蕩 惡性循環(huán) 環(huán)境, 人口, 失業(yè), 貧窮, 其中一環(huán)都引起所有的不良后果Future: + anticipated, foresight sustainable, proactively disease, environment: SARS, Poverty, for example, can cause problems as mentioned above. it leads to problems l

23、ike malnutrition and starvation, infectious disease like AIDS, and even acts of violence and crime. Even worse, people who grow up in poverty might experience lifelong problems because of it. They are at a disadvantage in things such as education because of their limited income and resources. In add

24、ition, poverty seems to perpetuate itself. In many cases, those whose parents are poor are more likely to be poor themselves, earning lower-than average income. All the negative long-term circumstances are more likely to occur when children experience prolonged poverty, an unfortunate circumstance m

25、uch more likely to affect minority children. These problems tend to form a vicious circle, in which every term of the problems are interconnected and interdependent. For example, poverty both results in and results from the environmental pollutions; and overpopulation leads to environment problems,

26、poverty and disease. Thus, as long as one term of the circle is not well resolved, the remaining terms will definitely be affected. 【提綱】觀點(diǎn)：平衡。當(dāng)務(wù)之急和將來的問題都很重要。1.政府應(yīng)該著力解決當(dāng)務(wù)之急，如貧困，恐怖主義，環(huán)境污染，疾病，失業(yè)等等，畢竟這些問題直接威脅著人們的普遍福利。比如失業(yè)率上升，會使得社會上很多人找不到工作，導(dǎo)致了貧困，同時(shí)也使得犯罪率也上升，這些都成為社會不安定stability的因素。2.然而這并不意味著我們可以忽視將來預(yù)期的問題

27、。比如人口中男女比例失調(diào)，如果不予以考慮，將來會出現(xiàn)一系列的社會問題，如和犯罪and 心理有關(guān)的問題，再比如，環(huán)境問題，如果早預(yù)見環(huán)境問題的重要性，可能不會像現(xiàn)在這么嚴(yán)重。還有某些地區(qū)的人口問題，如果早預(yù)見到人口會給環(huán)境和社會帶來如此大的壓力，早控制人口，效果會好很多。3.而且，政府如果只注重現(xiàn)在而忽視了長遠(yuǎn)，顯然是對后代不公平的。還是環(huán)境污染的例子，現(xiàn)代人無節(jié)制的污染與破壞損壞了將來人的利益。而且這樣做也是目光短淺的，我們在試圖解決將來預(yù)期問題的同時(shí)也會受益，開發(fā)新的綠色能源energy source的問題上，科學(xué)家們在研究太陽能方面取得的進(jìn)展可以為我們當(dāng)前服務(wù)，如太陽能電池 solar b

28、attery,太陽能加熱系統(tǒng)，solar heating system.Position:Whether solving the immediate problems of today is more important than solving the anticipated problems of the future depends on the nature of the problem to be solved.1.To win the favor of the public, governments throughout the world tend to focus on sol

29、ving the immediate problems of today.2.However, a governments failing to prepare for future challenges will cause disasters to its country in the long run.3.Furthermore, a government should always take into consideration the possible future effects of the actions it takes today.2020. National govern

30、ments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults.任何一個(gè)國家的政府都應(yīng)該為孩子而不是為建設(shè)更多的社會項(xiàng)目和服務(wù)。成人是社會財(cái)富的創(chuàng)造者，是社會的中堅(jiān)力量。如：從古代的埃及金字塔、長城到現(xiàn)代的農(nóng)民、工人或是白領(lǐng)階層。從公平原理上來說，應(yīng)該回報(bào)給他們一定的programs and services.另一方面，許多社會問題的存在都是由于成人所引起的。如：老齡化，失業(yè)。要解決這些問題，就要給予成年人足夠的關(guān)注。反面說：如果沒滿足，會引起人們對于政府、社會的不滿。小孩應(yīng)該給

31、予足夠的關(guān)注.A因?yàn)槭巧鐣奈磥怼許多現(xiàn)在社會問題的解決要依靠今天對他們的教育?？偨Y(jié)：兩者要平衡?！綪osition】:盡管兒童的成長關(guān)系國家發(fā)展可持續(xù)性，但成人才是社會的中流砥柱，因此國家應(yīng)該優(yōu)先為成年人提供服務(wù)。1.兒童關(guān)系到國家發(fā)展可持續(xù)性。兒童處在學(xué)習(xí)階段，將來的他們?yōu)樯鐣龀鲐暙I(xiàn)。他們需要足夠的政府投入，比如醫(yī)療，教育2.但是成年人才是社會的根本。國防上確保國家安全，產(chǎn)業(yè)工人為社會創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，科技工作者推動科技進(jìn)步3.許多的社會問題都是由于成年人引起的，失業(yè)，老齡化，婦女權(quán)利，成人的這些問題不得到解決會影響政府的威信，妨礙社會穩(wěn)定4.政府應(yīng)該把更多的重點(diǎn)放在成年人上，但不能忽視兒童的

32、需要。以確保發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性。3131.Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.花在研究上的資金幾乎都是好的投資，即使研究結(jié)果是有爭議的。 以認(rèn)識大自然以及各種奧秘為目的的研究，毫無疑問是有價(jià)值的，無論結(jié)果是否具有爭議性。部分研究中的爭議問題不應(yīng)當(dāng)成為阻礙研究發(fā)展的理由，就好像人類不可能為了逃避污染而放棄工業(yè)給我們帶來的便利一樣。BEGIN: Research which aims at recogniz

33、ing the unknown world, is valuable not only to the filed it concerned but also to the whole world. Controversy raised from some researches, though sometimes may have profound effects upon the entire society, should not serve as the reasons to withdraw the investment of other fields of research, just

34、 like human beings have never banned the application of automobile, though the toxic gas it released are hampering the peoples health.1、 在人類的演化過程中，科學(xué)研究發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。首先，研究向人們揭示自然界的各種現(xiàn)象，將人類有愚昧無知轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的高度發(fā)達(dá)的文明世界。其次，研究幫助人們解決各種各樣的問題，在人類發(fā)展初期，研究幫助人類對抗自然的威脅，現(xiàn)在研究推動科技以及知識的發(fā)展，并能夠用于解決在科技發(fā)展的同時(shí)產(chǎn)生的各種各樣的社會問題。Research h

35、as played a crucial role in the evolution of human society and this tread has become more and more manifest. First of all, through revealing the principle behind the various phenomena, research has transformed the human race from ignorance into todays civilized world. Then, it also helps people solv

36、ing all sorts of problems. In the early stage of civilization, our ancestors developed various methods weaken the menace of the nature by means of research. Now, the researches has become one of the greatest impetuses of modern technology and not only make it possible for most of the people to enjoy

37、 the more convenient life but also contribute to overcome the social problems caused by the social development.2、 基于上面的陳述，研究作為人類為名發(fā)展的主要動力之一，于其他領(lǐng)域相比較，是值得進(jìn)行投資的。如果我們投資錢創(chuàng)辦制造各種產(chǎn)品的工廠，我們不會得到任何科技領(lǐng)域的回報(bào)，除了我們能夠擁有更多產(chǎn)品購買，而如果我們把錢投入到研究上，盡管也許大部分人不能夠直接獲益，但是科技卻能夠因此得到發(fā)展，最終整個(gè)社會都會收益。這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)今的科技飛速發(fā)展的時(shí)代尤為明顯。Convinced with t

38、he benefits above, endowments in the research fields are much more worthwhile compared with other kinds of investments. For example, spending certain amount of money in constructing a factory, though may increase the number of goods in the market place, or in other words to bring some immediate bene

39、fits to the human society, seldom have any profound effects to the entire development of human civilization. However, the investment on the research always contributes to the improvement of technology and hence the promotion of the civilized level. This circumstance has become much more manifest in

40、todays rapid changing world because the time spend on transforming the results of scientific research into practical use has been shortened greatly, and also made the modern research began to possess short-term advantage towards the whole society.3、 盡管有的研究會帶給社會代來一些潛在的威脅和爭議，但是這未必是壞事。一方面，爭議性的研究同樣能夠幫助人

41、類認(rèn)識未曾接觸到的領(lǐng)域，另一方面，一些爭議性的研究能夠吸引更多人的目光，因此能夠讓更多的人愿意投身到科技的發(fā)展中來。4、 不得不承認(rèn)，有的研究的確會給社會帶來災(zāi)難性的后果，尤其是用于研究各種武器的研究。正如許多人所指出的那樣，研究的雙重性意味著：人們不光能夠用研究提高生活的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且還可以用來摧毀人類社會。比如，各國在努力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時(shí)，都在同時(shí)研發(fā)更先進(jìn)的武器。Admittedly, the twofold effect of research has become much more apparent than ever. On one hand, the researches help

42、the human beings to construct the comfort environment in the world. On the other hand, it also ruins the pleasant ambience of peoples dwelling. Today, many countries encourage most of the researches for the purpose of developing the nations economy and enhancement of the citizens living standard, at

43、 the same time, they also endow a large amount of money in order to research many powerful weapons that have potential threat upon the rest of the world. In addition, some research fields contradicting with the certain tradition or even the ethic standers, and therefore brings the conflicts into the

44、 present society. In the extreme case the order of the whole civilization has been broken out. So, introducing a set of instructions which guilds the inclination of the research endowments by government are one of the best ways to overcome the adverse effect.總之，研究能夠讓我們更清晰的認(rèn)識我們居住的世界，并推動科技和文明的進(jìn)步。因此，投入

45、更多的錢到研究上能夠讓我們擁有更好的明天。In sum, research is not only give people a more further recognition towards the world but also propel the progress of the technology and civilization. Therefore, investment on most of the research may strength the belief of a brighter future.A: money on research always good inve

46、stment, B: even though controversial +: A+: 對于一些研究, 不是純理論研究解決當(dāng)務(wù)之急否則引起惡性循環(huán), 累計(jì)嚴(yán)重 :AIDS, 治理環(huán)境問題-: A 研究的結(jié)果不可知爭論與否未知(前提的錯(cuò)誤) 2. 一些研究后來被證明有害的 戰(zhàn)爭武器, DDT 要謹(jǐn)慎A/B: 有爭議的研究 再研究還是不明確 因?yàn)樯婕暗降赖聠栴}克隆, Position: Investing in research will benefit the society sooner or later.1.It is generally agreed that science is the

47、 most dynamic productive force in modern times.2.Sometimes the result of a research can cause much controversy in society. (Cloning is a typical example)3.There is good reason to remain optimistic, believing that the side effects of a research result will be overcome and that truth rather than false

48、hood or ignorance serves human interests best in the long run.4444.Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear.政府不應(yīng)該資助任何后果不明的科學(xué)研究，無論是醫(yī)學(xué)方面還是倫理方面的。Topic：its unwise to do so1.政府的資助對于科學(xué)研究是很重要的，無論是醫(yī)學(xué)方面還是倫理方面的?？茖W(xué)研究的價(jià)值：政府的職責(zé)：比如：美國政府每年花上百億在艾滋

49、病的研究上，研制出雞尾酒療法等，作出了貢獻(xiàn)科學(xué)研究的性質(zhì)決定了它的絕大多數(shù)的研究結(jié)果是未知的，無論是醫(yī)學(xué)方面還是倫理方面的。2.科研的本質(zhì)就是探索未知世界，是前無古人的事業(yè)，這決定了其結(jié)果是有一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的，很難保證都能取得令人滿意的結(jié)果 3.政府應(yīng)該更看重科學(xué)研究的長期效應(yīng)而不是短期利益。很多科學(xué)研究的結(jié)果一時(shí)看不到其用處，但對長遠(yuǎn)是有好處的。Eg在倫理方面，中國戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期的孔子提出了“和”的理論，這在當(dāng)時(shí)奉行爭斗的戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期被認(rèn)為一無是處，但是，孔子的這種思想?yún)s延續(xù)至今，成為中國人倫理道德體系的基礎(chǔ)。即便是能看到用處的研究，也不一定有明確的結(jié)果，難道政府就都一概不管了么？“sars”疫苗的研究4.

50、誠然，對于那些動機(jī)不純的研究，政府應(yīng)該干涉。比如，克隆人的研究，違反倫理道德190190. As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriateand, perhaps, even cruelwhen one considers all the potential uses of such money. 只要人們陷于饑餓

51、、失業(yè)或缺乏謀生的基本技能的時(shí)候，用公眾資源去扶持藝術(shù)是不合適的，甚至是殘酷的當(dāng)想到這些錢本來可以發(fā)揮的作用。It might be tempting to agree with the speakers insofar as most persons take the arts are not the fundamental needs for human beings. However, the author overlooks the certain economic and other societal benefits that accrue when government assu

52、mes an active role in supporting the arts.1、 在特殊情況下降低藝術(shù)的優(yōu)先級，或者推遲對于藝術(shù)的部分資助是有必要的，因?yàn)闆]有人愿意在缺乏生活基本條件的前提下來欣賞音樂或者是著名的油畫。首先，公眾資源中的大部分來自公民的稅收，但是政府沒有能力解決人們的生活問題，人們也沒有能力同時(shí)也不愿意交付稅金的。其次，藝術(shù)的發(fā)展應(yīng)當(dāng)和國家經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治等方面保持同步，如果藝術(shù)過于超前經(jīng)濟(jì)和其他方面，減少藝術(shù)的資助放到發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)上來是完全正確的2、 表面上看，藝術(shù)和人們生活距離很遠(yuǎn)，但其實(shí)，人類的生命和追求并不只是為了避免挨餓，人類在精神上的需求同樣必不可少，藝術(shù)同樣是組成人

53、類社會中不可缺少的3、 首先，藝術(shù)能夠幫助社會的穩(wěn)定和政府宣傳他的政策4、 其次，藝術(shù)作為人類精神的寄托，還可以給人們帶來靈感，并幫助人們化解壓力以及焦慮的情緒。The implicit rational behind the speakers statement seems to be that culture enrichment pales in importance comrade to food, clothing, and shelter.當(dāng)人們hungry, out of work, lack the basic skill to survive not support the

54、art+: 1. 藝術(shù)作為精神財(cái)富不可缺少 藝術(shù)-：2.精神財(cái)富應(yīng)該建立在物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)上 沒有物質(zhì)的前提下, 不可能欣賞藝術(shù) 沒有物質(zhì), 藝術(shù)家也不可能進(jìn)行好的創(chuàng)作當(dāng)人們挨餓、失業(yè)或者缺少維持生活最基本的技能時(shí)，用來支持藝術(shù)的公眾資源就顯得很不合適了，或者更殘忍一些，還有人妄圖獨(dú)吞這些資金。 按照Marslow 的觀點(diǎn)，hierarchy of needs在生存和安全不能保障時(shí)，人們是不會有更高層次的需求的。 實(shí)際上，藝術(shù)可以為政治服務(wù)。如：法國大革命期間的油畫；又如：解決就業(yè)問題 藝術(shù)可以幫助整個(gè)社會變得更為和諧。如：使得我們others-oriented, less self-centered

55、, more giving of ourselves, a more charitable society.The proper use of public resources+ the basic requites is necessary to harmony society (eg. Rebel ,pandemic.) nowadays every country has poor, but every one needs art(New York, pristine times) money used to art can help to solve above problem ( m

56、ovie, advertisement) My main point of agreement with the speaker is that to meet most members basic requites is necessary for a harmony society. Historic illustration is quite compelling. First, consider substantial rebels during 封建社會 ，most of which were irate by 不平衡的 social environment. Understanda

57、bly, when considerable social members found really hard to live, the only things they care for are food, accommodation and jobs, such fundamental living materials, but not art, which undesirably became a luxury available only to the minor rich. Then it is conceivable that unless these social problem

58、 could be solved by redistributing social resources properly , some 暴亂 were likely ineludible.Aside from the foregoing proviso, however, I essentially disagree with the statement. Our life experience is that Problems:Patience, Vocabulary (word translating) Material of example:1）關(guān)于藝術(shù)的討論，藝術(shù)的功能和目的art i

59、s not a fundamental human requisite,government is not entirely trustworthy when it comes to its motives and methodsYet, to postpone public arts funding until we completely eliminate unemployment and hunger would be to postpone arts funding forever;. Art serves to lift the human spirit and to put us

60、more in touch with our feelings, foibles, and fate in short, with our own humanity. With a heightened sensitivity to the human condition, we become more others-oriented, less self-centered, more giving of ourselves.2) The implicit rationale behind the speakers statement seems to be that A second arg

61、ument against the speakers position has to do withPosition: The speaker unfairly assumes that the arts are useless and hence supporting the art is a waste of money.1.In the first place, without public support, some artists may find it difficult to survive in the market.2.In the second place, artists

62、 play an irreplaceable role in our societyenriching our lives.3.Finally, artists provide spiritual support to the hungry and the unemployed, enabling them to confront the challenges of life.121121. At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rath

63、er than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.在過去不同的地質(zhì)時(shí)期，許多的物種因?yàn)樽匀蛔饔枚侨祟愋袨槎鴾缃^。因此，人類社會沒有理由為挽救瀕危物種而付出巨大努力，尤其是以大量的資金和工作機(jī)會為代價(jià)。 1、 從自然演化的角度來看，每一年都會有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的物種因?yàn)闊o法適應(yīng)環(huán)境以及其他自然原因?qū)е聹缃^，無

64、論人類是否對其進(jìn)行了影響。如果人類花費(fèi)大量的金錢和努力來試圖阻止自然演變的過程，不光不會有很大的收效同時(shí)成為人類沉重的包袱，同時(shí)也對整個(gè)自然界沒有好處2、 沒有人能夠否認(rèn)人類對于自然的污染導(dǎo)致了大量的無辜生物滅絕。隨著人類工業(yè)的發(fā)展3、 投入金錢和努力將人類對于自然的影響減少到最小是有必要的。一方面，自然界的生物之間有食物鏈，破壞了就完蛋4、 保持地球上物種的多樣性同樣有利于人類認(rèn)識自然并促進(jìn)科技的進(jìn)步。比如鳥幫助人類發(fā)明飛機(jī)A: extinct naturally B: no extraordinary efforts, endangered species +: A 1.objective natural adaptation: dinosaur 2. subjective 太多社會問題 無 extraordinary efforts: 貧窮，犯罪，人口爆炸-:1. A human behaviors deforestation, air pollution, 過度捕殺: 渡渡鳥，查 2. A/B Icon: Panda, 樹懶 staple food coexist: pig.1.在過去，確實(shí)許多生物滅絕了，是自然選擇的結(jié)果，生物進(jìn)化的自然過程。比如恐龍dinosaur，蕨類植物fern。