2018年河南省高三上學(xué)期中學(xué)生標準學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性測試（11月） 英語 PDF版,2018年河南省高三上學(xué)期中學(xué)生標準學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性測試（11月）,英語,PDF版,2018,河南省,上學(xué),期中,學(xué)生,標準,學(xué)術(shù),能力,診斷,測試,11,PDF 第 1 頁 共 4 頁 中學(xué)生標準學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性測試中學(xué)生標準學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性測試 20172017 年年 1111 月測試月測試 英語英語試卷試卷 本試卷共本試卷共 15150 0 分，考試時間分，考試時間 1 10 00 0 分鐘。分鐘。 第一部分第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分 60 分）分） 第一節(jié)（共第一節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題小題；每小題 3 分，滿分分，滿分 45 分）分） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 A Stephen Hawking said, “Scientists have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our search for knowledge.” Given below are some of them: Headlie Taylor (July 7, 1883March 22, 1957) Headlie Taylor was hardly educated but had a good mind. With hard work and creativity, he taught himself engineering. He built a machine that could not only collect grains from standing crops, but also from damaged or fallen ones, thus saving grains that would otherwise be lost. This machine, the Header Harvester, also cut the crop heads instead of pulling them out. John Cornforth (September 7, 1917December 8, 2013) John Cornforth completely lost his hearing in his teens. However, his determination led him to become one of the greatest scientists of his day. Dr. Cornforth studied the enzymes that caused changes in organic compounds（有機物）and went on to reduce the amount of cholesterol （膽固醇）. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975. David Warren (March 20, 1925July 19, 2010) The black box is an electronic instrument that records every voice in the cabin. In case of an accident, the readings from it can be used to determine the series of events that led to the air crash. Dr. Warren came up with this idea of recording flight data following a strange airplane accident in Australia. Though in the beginning his ideas werent paid attention to, they soon took the world by storm. Graeme Clark (August 16, 1935) Growing up, Graeme Clark watched his deaf father try very hard to communicate with others. This encouraged him to create a device that could be put into a persons inner ear, which would record sound. Years of careful research finally resulted in the Bionic Ear, which provides deaf persons with the sense of hearing. 1.What do we know about John Cornforth? A. He was born disabled. B. His work earned him a Nobel Prize. C. He was the greatest scientist of his day. D. His research wasnt well accepted at first. 2.What led Graeme Clark to work on the Bionic Ear? A. His experience of losing his hearing. B. His interest in doing research. C. His fathers encouragement. D. His fathers suffering. 3.Whose achievement directly does farmers good? A. Headlie Taylors. B. John Cornforths. C. David Warrens. D. Graeme Clarks. B Older people who smoke may think theres no reason to give up the habit. After all, hasnt the damage to their body already been done ? But it turns out theres a benefit of quitting even later in life. Recent research published in the American journal of Preventive Medicine found that older adults who quit smoking in their 60s had a lower chance of dying in the years that followed than the ones of the same age who kept smoking. “Its never too late,” says Sarah Nash, one of the papers authors. The results were based on data from more than 160,000 participants over 70. Participants completed questionnaires about their smoking history in 2004 or 2005 and were tracked until the end of 2011 to see who had died. The study found that it was definitely best to avoid smoking entirely. During the follow-up period, 12 percent of participants who never smoked died, compared to 33 percent of current smokers. And the earlier people quit, the better, but there was still a benefit even for late quitters. Of those who quit in their 30s, 16 percent died. In their 40s, 20 percent. In their 50s, 24 percent. Still, people who quit in their 60s had a 23 percent lower risk of death during the study than current smokers, says Nash, who conducted the research while she was a fellow at the National Cancer Institute. The research also stresses that its important to try to prevent people from picking up the habit in the first place. Most smokers start during their teenage years. And among current smokers, the earlier the study participants started, the higher their likelihood of dying was during the follow-up period. “Weve been telling the public that its never too late to quit, because it will benefit health and prolong life,” says Nor-man Edelman, a physician in a hospital. Now, he says hell have more concrete evidence to offer to patients, especially to older smokers who say that the damage from years of smoking couldnt be made up for. 4.The underlined sentence in the first paragraph implies that . A. the old tend to quit smoking when they are old B. older people think there is no harm to smoke at an old age C. it is a little too late to quit smoking since the damage cant be made up for D. the old who keep smoking believe that smoking hasnt caused damage to their body 5.The study was carried out mainly through . A. interviews B. questionnaires C. observations D. experiments 第 2 頁 共 4 頁 6.According to the study, we can make the following conclusions EXCEPT . A. its best to avoid smoking entirely B. it is better to quit smoking earlier than later C. for late quitters, there is a lower risk of death than those who dont smoke D. there is more chance for earlier starters to die during the follow-up period 7.The underlined world “prolong” in the last paragraph can be replaced by . A. lengthen B. widen C. deepen D. strengthen C A 7-year-old boy in Ohio tried to sell his toy dog, police in Franklin said. “We heard about the boy from a concerned man who came into the police station and said there was a small child carrying a stuffed animal in a busy street of Franklin,” Franklin Police Officer Steve Dunham said. When officers went to the area, Dunham spotted the boy in front of a shop and got out of his car to speak with him. “The boy was really nervous at first,” Dunham said. “He told me he was hungry and needed food.” Chief Russ Whitman added the boy said he had not eaten for several days. While other officers went to the childs home, Dunham took the boy to a fast food restaurant and the two had dinner together. The officers who went to investigate the boys home reported that it was in terrible condition and there were other children there, adding that they found garbage and liquor bottles everywhere. Four other children11, 12, 15 and 17also lived in the house. The parents, who were home at the time, were each charged with child neglect. Child Protective Services contacted other family members to pick up the boys. The 7-year-old watched cartoons at the police station with a policeman for a few hours until a family member picked him up. The boys parents were not jailed, but the children remained in the care of relatives, according to Franklin Police. St. Vincent De Paul at St. Marys Church in Franklin is organizing a donation drive to raise money for the family, according to Whitman. “Im very proud of my officers for what they did, but officers across the nation go above and beyond every single day,” Whitman said. “You can find stories like this everywhere with police officers every day. Thats why we get into the businessto help people.” 8.Why did the 7-year-old boy try to sell his toy dog? A. Because he wanted to get money for food. B. Because he was concerned with the police. C. Because he needed to own a stuffed animal. D. Because he had no time to do some cooking. 9.What did Dunham do when other officers went to the boys home? A. He bought the toy from the boy. B. He took the boy to his own home. C. He took the boy to the police station. D. He bought the boy some food. 10.How many children are there in the boys home? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. 11.What makes Whitman proud? A. Helping people in need. B. Going across the nation. C. Beginning the business. D. Finding the parents guilty. D New Orleans native Keiana Cave, at the age of 18, is one of the youngest Americans named in the 2017 Forbes 30 Under 30 list. The college girl developed a molecule （分子）for dispersing （分解）oil, which she presently produces through her company Mare. Forbes, one of the most popular magazines in the US, released its annual 30 Under 30 lists on January 3, 2017. With 20 different categories from music to law and policy, in each area, Forbes presented 30 up-and-coming young groundbreakers on its official website. Cave is comparatively much younger than those selected to her category, but this by no means discounts her exceptional ability. To see her daughters name on the list, Vanessa Cave-Herazo was surprised, but she said she knew it was coming because “Keiana has always been destined （注定） for great things.” After learning about the negative effects of the oil dispersant used in the Gulf Coast during the B.P. oil spill cleanup, Cave decided to create her own dispersant. Cave raised $1.2million from Chevron, an American multinational energy company, to develop her molecule in 2016. “It aims at certain poisons in the sea water, and breaks them up into water,” she said of her dispersant. “It is one of the few legal oil dispersants,” Cave added. Despite this achievement, Cave believes she has not quite yet reached success. She regards success as the amount of influence she has made on the community and the world. The creation of the molecule is an achievement, but she believes seeing her work being put to use will truly be her success. While Cave may have made the Forbes 30 Under 30 list early in her career, she is never going to slow down. She will make an effort to increase the growth of Mare, which is devoted to developing molecules to solve major social issues. “Right now, Mare consists of this one molecule that I hope to expand and live up to the Forbes name,” Cave said. 12.What caused Cave to come up with her invention? A. Her mothers encouragement. B. An imperfect dispersant in use. C. The huge market of dispersants. D. Her wish to be awarded by Forbes. 13.What can we say about Cave? A. She has a very good sense of humor. B. She finds it hard to manage her company. C. She has a strong sense of social responsibility. D. She is fed up with new studies about molecules. 第 3 頁 共 4 頁 14.What will Caves next step be? A. To create legal oil dispersants. B. To develop her company Mare. C. To raise money for her project. D. To enter Chevron after graduation. 15.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To announce a competition. B. To describe a new company. C. To advertise an oil dispersant. D. To report on a teenage inventor. 第二節(jié)第二節(jié)(共共 5 小題；每小題小題；每小題 3 分分, 共共 15 分分) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Someone drowned in his car in the three-meter-deep water during the rainy summer. Recently heated debates arose about what people can do to get out of their submerged cars. When a car enters water, the water pressure can make the door sealed even when the car is only half-submerged, creating a deadly trap. 16 The windshield is too strong to break with any tool. Then you can either crawl out of the window, or let the car fill with water until the pressure is even enough to open the door. As to what tool to use, widely-spread solutions include hitting the window with high heels, keys or headrests. 17 Some succeeded with headrests and others didnt, while the Emergency Center helpfully issued a warning that headrests were not made for “emergency use”. Whether or not headrests are capable of breaking a car window depends on a lot of uncertain factorsthe windows quality, the weight of the headrest and the gesture and physical strength of the trapped driver. Moreover, in some cars the headrests couldnt be removed at all. The public soon reached the conclusion that it was best to be prepared with a professional window-breaking hammer. 18 “We sold over 2,000 emergency hammers in just three days after the heavy rain,” one online shop owner said. “And by July 26 another 700 hammers had been ordered.” One shop sold 11,000 hammers in July. 19 The only brand recommended by the Emergency Center is ResQMe, an American product not available in our country. One online shop owner who is importing ResQMe from the States included the following statement on the description page: “It will take a month to arrive after you have placed your order. 20 Please reconsider your order if you mind the wait.” A. However, the quality of the hammers is not well tested. B. The only way to get out is by breaking the side window. C. Online sellers seized the opportunity well. D. Wait until the car fills with water for the equal pressure inside and outside, at which point you will supposedly be able to open the door. E. If the end of the world comes before that, you will never see it. F. Your best option is to have some sort of device in your car at all times that allows you to easily break your windows in case of an emergency. G. Yet when the solutions were tested in recent experiments, no one has been able to prove high heels or keys to be of any use. 第二部分第二部分 語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分 55 分）分） 第一節(jié)第一節(jié) 完形填空（共完形填空（共 20 小題；每小題小題；每小題 2 分，滿分分，滿分 40 分）分） 閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C 和 D 四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 The IQ test has long been dismissed and now scientists have found a better way. Researchers say MRI scans can 21 human intelligence, and define exactly what it is. This could lead to radical leaps in Artificial Intelligence(AI) with machines programmed to 22 in the same way as we do . Human intelligence is a widely debated topic and only recently they have advanced brain imaging techniques, 23 those used in our current study, giving us the opportunity to gain sufficient insights to resolve this and inform developments 24 Artificial Intelligence, as well as help establish the basis for understanding and diagnosis of debilitating human mental 25 , schizophrenia, depression and so on,” said Professor Feng. Together with a team in China，he has been working to 26 the brains dynamic functions, and identify how different parts of the 27 interact with each other to discover how intellect 28 . Professor Feng found the more variable a brain is, the more its different parts 29 connect with each other, and the 30 a persons IQ is. The team believe the work could 31 to a breakthrough in AI systems. This discovery of dynamic functions inside the brain could be applied to the 32 of advanced artificial neural networks for computers, with the 33 to learn，grow and adapt. This study may also have implications for a 34 understanding of another largely misunderstood field: mental health Altered patterns of variability were 35 in the brains network. 36 the root cause of mental illnesses brings scientists closer to treating and 37 them in the future. Using MRI analysis 38 thousands of peoples brains, the research found the areas of the brain which are associated with 39 and development show high levels of variability. On the other hand，regions of the brain which arent associated with intelligence show 40 variability and adaptability. 21. A. improve B. affect C. measure D. influence 22. A. think B. eat C. breathe D. move 23. A. as a result B. in reality C. such as D. in fact 24. A. with B. on C. for D. in 25. A. developments B. rules C. characters D. disorders 26. A. find B. expect C. understand D. enjoy 27. A. finger B. body C. brain D. machine 28. A. works B. rests C. loses D. dies 29. A. necessarily B. completely C. naturally D. frequently 30. A. higher B. more C. larger D. better 第 4 頁 共 4 頁 第二節(jié)（共第二節(jié)（共 10 小題；每小題小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分分，滿分 15 分）分） 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1 個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 On the planet, a very strange looking creature met us. This creature took my crew and me to see its master. I saw another alien 41 (sit) on a very high throne. That must be their master. It looked like all the strange looking creatures in the room but its head was much 42 (big). The strange unknown planet looked like a prison. It has many 43 (build) and everywhere you went, you could hear shouting and crying coming from inside. We were scared but they gave us some food, 44 smelt like rotten fish. The smell was 45 strong that we had to hold our breath in order not to faint. No one dared to touch the food. The next day, we 46 (give) a long list of things to do but they were 47 a language that we could not understand at all. After that, they conducted experiments on us. A few of us died but 48 rest of us who survived were put back into prison. One day, the aliens who brought us to their prison forgot 49 (lock) the door so we escaped through the door. Soon we boarded our own spaceship and 50 (fly) back to the Earth. 第三部分第三部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)；滿分寫作（共兩節(jié)；滿分 35 分）分） 第一節(jié)第一節(jié) 短文改錯（共短文改錯（共 10 小題；每小題小題；每小題 1 分，滿分分，滿分 10 分）分） 假定在英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10 處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改 l0 處，多者(從第 11 處起)不計分。 A recent situation made I realize that breaking promises might unintentionally hurt others feelings. It has happened a month ago when a classmate asked me to help him move house. I was unwilling to refuse the request directly, so I promised to assisting him. Later, I just didnt bother to turn out to help him because I was absorbing in my studies. When I ran into him next day, he told me I had real let him down. He still forgives me without a second thought, but I felt ashamed by myself. Since then, I hadnt made a promise that I couldnt keep. 第二節(jié)第二節(jié) 書面表達（滿分書面表達（滿分 25） 假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國筆友 Kate 即將完成學(xué)業(yè)，不久前來信就是否到中國工作詢問你的意見，請根據(jù)以下提示回一封電子郵件： 1. 建議她可以來中國； 2. 闡述你的理由； 3. 承諾可提供幫助。 注意：1. 詞數(shù) 100 左右； 2. 文章開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)； 3. 可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 Dear Kate, Im glad to have received the letter you sent me last week. _ _ Best wishes, Yours, Li Hua 31. A. add B. owe C. adapt D. lead 32. A. invention B. construction C. direction D. decision 33. A. difficulty B. experience C. knowledge D. ability 34. A. harder B. deeper C. worse D. less 35. A. observed B. realized C. checked D. treated 36. A. Knowing B. Expecting C. Demanding D. Settling 37. A. serving B. connecting C. preventing D. performing 38. A. by B. with C. over D. on 39. A. cleaning B. eating C. writing D. learning 40. A. fast B. enough C. rich D. small