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1、1. They work hard.2. The desk feels hard.3. Plants need water. 4. He gave me some seeds.5. We should keep the plants in the shade.1.They work hard. 主 + 謂2.The desk feels hard. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓4.He gave me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 介賓5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 +

2、 謂 + 賓 + 賓補英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型：1.1.+ ( (主謂主謂) )2.2.+ ( (主系表主系表) )3.3.+ (主謂賓主謂賓)4.+IO +D( (主謂間賓主謂間賓 直賓）直賓）5.5.+ + +O( (主謂賓主謂賓 賓補賓補) ) 基本句型 一 + +（主謂）（主謂） 此句型的句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。 這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 （不及物動詞）（不及物動詞）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4.

3、 We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed. woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.練習1鳥在飛翔。2她的寶寶在哭。3太陽正在落山。4誰也沒笑。Birds are flying. Her baby is crying. The sun is setting. No one laughed. 練習25你唱得很美。6 我咳了一夜。7 我們很少在外邊吃飯。8

4、昨天發(fā)生了事故。You sing beautifully. I coughed all night. We seldom dine out. The accident occurred yesterday. 常用的不及物動詞（vi.)run, swim, jump, rise, laugh, fly, come, go等。屬性動詞: wash, sell, record, wear, read, write等與well, easily等副詞連用，也構(gòu)成主謂。 基本句型基本句型 二二 + + + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子謂語動詞不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的

5、表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。OUR SCHOOL BECAME LARGER AND LARGER.city/become/beautifulfeel/happy主語主語 + + 系動詞系動詞 + + 表語表語練習1今天我感覺不太舒服。2 他看上去很累。3 你的湯味道很好。4 她似乎對計劃不感興趣。I dont feel very well today.He looks very tired. Your soup tastes very good. She doesnt seem very interested in the plan. 5 天越來越冷了。6 孩

6、子不久就睡著了。7 他長得相當高了。8 聽到這消息她臉色變得蒼白。 Its getting cold. Soon the child fell asleep.She went pale at the news. He has grown quite tall.系動詞主要分三類：be, look, feel, smell, taste, soundseem, appear get, grow, become, turn, go, come, prove (turn out)stay, keep, remain be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義 基本句型

7、 三 + + + +（主謂賓）（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點是謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。（實義動詞）（實義動詞）(賓語賓語) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. I 7. He the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. to have a cup of tea. Good morning. knows laughs at understands made ate want said 練習11過去二十

8、年我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮某删汀? 他們很快控制了病情。3 他們只是在建空中樓閣。Weve achieved a lot in the past twenty years. They soon controlled the disease.They are just building castles in the air. 4 我十分欣賞你們的表演。5 顧客要求退款。6 這會造成錯誤的印象。7 我們總是交換圣誕節(jié)禮物的。I enjoyed every minute of your performance. The customer demanded a refund. We always exchan

9、ge Christmas gifts. That will create a wrong impression. 基本句型 四+ +IO +D+IO +D( (主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓 此句型的句子謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是指人，另一個是指物, 通常指人的賓語用一個介詞（to或for）來連接，當指人的賓語在指物的賓語之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed ga

10、ve told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. MY FRIEND LENT ME THIS BOOK LAST WEEK.owe/money/last yearbuy/bicycle/next Christmastell/news/the day before yesterday 主語主語+ +及物動詞及

11、物動詞+ +間接賓語間接賓語+ +直接賓直接賓語語 S + V +(sb)+(sth)S + V +(sb)+(sth)練習1 她給我們唱了一首英文歌曲。2 我去給你沏點新鮮茶。3 這會省去你很多麻煩。4 請幫我把今天的報紙拿來。She sang us an English song. Ill make you some fresh tea. That will save you a lot of trouble.Please fetch me todays paper. 4 把車鑰匙遞給我。5 把你們的計劃用傳真發(fā)給我們。6 你可否把書單用電子郵件發(fā)給我？7 把那本書扔給我。Hand me

12、the car key. Please fax us your plans. Throw me that book. Can you e-mail me the book list?常用的帶雙賓語的動詞常跟雙賓語的動詞 give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。tofortake, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, p

13、ass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, answer, award, write, grant, permit, promise, paydo, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏演奏)，save, sing, 基本句型 五 + + + +（主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補） 此句型的句子特點是： 動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）O（賓語）（賓語） O（賓補）（賓補）1. We 2. They3

14、. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back. getting on the bus. keep painted call found makes saw asked saw主語主語+ +及物動詞及物動詞+ +賓語賓語+ +賓語補足語賓語補足語 S + V + (O) + (OC) I found him lying in bed.hear/cry/next

15、 roomnotice/thief/steal/housefeel/building/shakesee/trees/plant/mountainI OBLIGED HIM TO DO HIS HOMEWORK.he/teach/pupils/speak/Englishshe/advise/him/listen/every dayshe/allow/me/use/dictionary主語主語+ +及物動詞及物動詞+ +賓語賓語+ +賓語補足語賓語補足語 S + V + (O) + (OC) SHE THINKS IT RIGHT FOR HER TO DO SO. consider/wrong

16、find/difficult think/a good idea主語主語+ +及物動詞及物動詞+ + 賓語賓語+ +賓語補足語賓語補足語 S + V + (O) + (OC) 練習11我們把窗框漆成了黃色。2 她把連衣裙染成淡藍色。3 他發(fā)現(xiàn)這工作很有意思。4 什么使你這樣生氣？We painted the window frames yellow.She dyed her dress light blue. He found the job quite interesting. What made you so angry?5 我們必須在半小時內(nèi)把晚飯做好。6 你們必須保持房間干凈。7 我認

17、為這沒有必要。8 不久他們就把她釋放了。 We must get the supper ready in half an hour. You must keep the room clean.Soon they set her free. I dont think it necessary. 常用的帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc.典型句子分析 除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形

18、容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。We found the hall full.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。We found the great hall full of students a

19、nd teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢的重要報告。 不同的動詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學習動詞時，應(yīng)掌握動詞的類型。Hes getting angry. (S V P)Youll get a surprise. (S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O OC) He got

20、himself into trouble. (S V O OC)He got her a splendid present. (S V IO DO)比 較I found the book easily.（S V O AD)I found the book easy. (S V O OC)He often looks very careful.He often looks carefully at me.S V PS V prep O Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. S+V+P