《中考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)鞏固 第31講 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《中考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)鞏固 第31講 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)課件（23頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第31講動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞屬于實(shí)詞，是用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。根據(jù)其在句中的功能可分為四類(lèi)：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。在有些情況下，某些動(dòng)詞是兼類(lèi)詞。動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中占有無(wú)可替代的地位。中考中關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)有：1系動(dòng)詞be, look, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法；2含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, must, need, may等的基本句型及用法；3助動(dòng)詞的基本用法；4動(dòng)詞詞組的辨析及應(yīng)用。高頻考向一動(dòng)詞的基本形式動(dòng)詞有以下五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。1第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中主語(yǔ)

2、是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。不規(guī)則變化需單獨(dú)記憶。2現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成3.過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化需單獨(dú)記憶。高頻考向二實(shí)義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是本身有詞義，且能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語(yǔ)，可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類(lèi)。1及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后面要跟賓語(yǔ)才能使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三種句型中：動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天買(mǎi)了一些書(shū)。(bought后有賓語(yǔ)books，為及物動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)如：The sun keeps us warm.陽(yáng)光讓我們保持溫暖。動(dòng)詞雙賓語(yǔ)(

3、即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))如：My mother passed me an apple.媽媽遞給我一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。2不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞本身有完整的意思，后不需接賓語(yǔ)。如：He always studies hard.他一直努力學(xué)習(xí)。(study后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，為不及物動(dòng)詞)若不及物動(dòng)詞需要帶賓語(yǔ)，其后需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，才可以跟賓語(yǔ)。如：They left last week. 他們上周離開(kāi)了。(left后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，為不及物動(dòng)詞)They live in a small house in Beijing.他們?cè)诒本┳≡谝凰》孔永铩?live后需介詞in才可以接賓語(yǔ))3有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。如

4、：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物動(dòng)詞)She sang an English song just now.她剛才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物動(dòng)詞)高頻考向三系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的用法1系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，稱(chēng)作系表結(jié)構(gòu)。用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或態(tài)度的系動(dòng)詞有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook，seem，appear等；表示人的感覺(jué)的系動(dòng)詞有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表變化的系動(dòng)詞

5、有become，get，grow，turn等。2助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞是輔動(dòng)性動(dòng)詞。本身無(wú)意義或意義不完整，不能獨(dú)立用作謂語(yǔ)，但可以與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連用，共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定句和疑問(wèn)句等。常用助動(dòng)詞有：have: has, had, having do: does, did will：would shall：should高頻考向四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。1can(could)表能力，could為can的過(guò)去時(shí)。can與be able to的意義基本相同。但can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一

6、般過(guò)去時(shí)，而be able to能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。表可能性。表許可?？谡Z(yǔ)中可代替may。cant表有把握的否定判斷，意為“不可能”?！咀⒁狻縞ould在口語(yǔ)中，常代替can來(lái)向?qū)Ψ奖容^委婉客氣地提出請(qǐng)求或表示看法。此時(shí)could不表示過(guò)去時(shí)。2may(might)用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，意為“可以”?？谡Z(yǔ)性較強(qiáng)。might可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間；也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語(yǔ)氣更委婉。表猜測(cè)和對(duì)可能性的判斷，意為“可能；也許”。might可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間；也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。3must表說(shuō)話人的主觀意志，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)變化。其否定答語(yǔ)常用neednt或dont have to，意為“不必”?！咀⒁狻?/p>

7、have to意為“不得不；必須”，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)受到外界客觀因素的迫使。它可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，且有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。must的否定形式為mustnt，意為“不許；一定不要”，表示禁止和告誡。表示對(duì)事物的推測(cè)，意為“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的語(yǔ)氣要肯定得多。4would作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，無(wú)人稱(chēng)限制，表意愿，常與like，love連用。5should表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”，用于各種人稱(chēng)。表推測(cè)，意為“想必一定；照說(shuō)應(yīng)該；估計(jì)”。高頻考向五動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)指動(dòng)詞跟一個(gè)或兩個(gè)介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的意義與原來(lái)動(dòng)詞的意思不同。1動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的分類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞介詞arrive in/at，ask for，

8、begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for及物動(dòng)詞副詞find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脫下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over，cut off不及物動(dòng)詞副詞get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up動(dòng)詞副詞介詞get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，loo

9、k forward to動(dòng)詞名詞介詞take part in，make friends with，take care ofbe形容詞介詞be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about一、用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空。1Must I finish all the homework this evening?No, you _Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it.2People _ drive after drinking alcohol (酒). Its against

10、 the law.3Do you have any plans for this summer vacation?Im not sure. I _ take a trip to Taiwan.4Is that man Mr. Smith?It _ be him. He has gone to New York on business.5Nowadays all passengers _ go through safety check before they take a train.needntmustntmay/mightcantmust二、選擇括號(hào)中正確的單詞或短語(yǔ)填空。6Its impo

11、rtant for us to protect nature because we _(depend on, give up) its rich resources to live.7UNICEF was _ (put up, set up) in 1946 to improve childrens lives after World War.8How long can I _(borrow, keep) this novel Gullivers Travels?Only two weeks.9The school network will be shut down for safety re

12、ason.That doesnt _(surprise, worry) me at all. Im not a networm, anyway.10The famous singers songs _(sound, feel) sweet and many of us like listening to them.depend onset upkeepworrysound三、語(yǔ)法填空。11You _ park here! Look at the sign. It says“No parking”Sorry, I didnt notice that sign just now.12Please_

13、 (listen) to the recording carefully and tell me what you hear.13Have you ever _(try) to get full marks?14Jill looks so painful. There _be something wrong with her.15Look at that girl! Is it Judy?No, it _ be her. She is still in London.mustnt listentriedmustcant16How lovely! The little girl is _(run

14、) after a butterfly.17He _(study) with his classmates after school every weekday.18Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now?Sorry, I_. My watch doesnt work.19We _ pay for the concert. It is free.20Why not _ (bring) me a cup of water?runningstudiescantneedntbring四、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思翻譯下列句子。21We should try t

15、o _(使他高興起來(lái))22Jims going to be a reporter when he _(長(zhǎng)大)23Ive _(用完) my money.24They are _(考慮) buying a new car. 25We are _(盼望) the summer holiday.26Would you mind _(照看)my pet dog for me while I am away?27Mike was ill yesterday. He had to _(放棄) his plan for the holiday.cheer him upgrows uprun out ofthi

16、nking about/oflooking forward tolooking aftergive up28Could you please _(音量調(diào)小)the radio a bit? Its too loud.Sorry, Ill do it right away.29 _(穿上) your coat, please. Its cold today.30A father in the UK has _(想出) a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time. He takes his sons to their school in a white tank(坦克)turn downPut oncome up with