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1、 高考中細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常占閱讀理解題總數(shù)的一半以上。細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解，一般對(duì)文中已提到的事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進(jìn)行發(fā)問(wèn)，通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解能力。 1利用“跳讀法”和“定位法” 做細(xì)節(jié)題目，無(wú)需通篇細(xì)看全文，應(yīng)帶著問(wèn)題找答案，通過(guò)跳讀迅速定位與題目相關(guān)的信息，然后對(duì)選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行信息加工比對(duì)，準(zhǔn)確確定答案。 典例1 My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my r

2、elatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldnt fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first

3、got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didnt get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed. . When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last

4、I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble. 21Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? AHe got an older model than he had expected. BHe cou

5、ldnt return it when it was broken. CHe could have bought it at a lower price. DHe failed to find any movie shows on it. 解析C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.” 當(dāng)我看到報(bào)紙上75美元比我買(mǎi)的價(jià)格低的時(shí)候，我感覺(jué)我上當(dāng)了。故選C。 23How did the author finally get

6、this TV set working again? ABy shaking and hitting it BBy turning it on and off CBy switching channels DBy having it repaired 解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62”，可知作者由于用拳頭砸電視，導(dǎo)致電視沒(méi)了噪音，也什么都不出了。最后只好自己花錢(qián)去修理店修電視機(jī)，共花了62美元，故選D。 2利用“選項(xiàng)對(duì)比法” 此法一般用來(lái)解決信息排序題，即：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中可以先用排除法確定第一個(gè)，縮小選擇范圍，然后根

7、據(jù)另一個(gè)事件確定答案，這一方法可以先分析選項(xiàng)，將選項(xiàng)分組逐一比對(duì)來(lái)確定或排除選項(xiàng)。 典例2 . Izzy，nine，restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzys mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR. .

8、Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands，I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on hi

9、s chest.” 解析C根據(jù)選項(xiàng)可把A、C、B、D分組對(duì)比確定哪一事件在前，根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容可知在前，故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)，然后比對(duì)A、C中與的發(fā)生先后，可確定答案是C項(xiàng)。 3利用加減乘除法 此法來(lái)解決數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算類題目，做此類題要審清題目，弄清問(wèn)題，比對(duì)原文中的數(shù)字和單位，不要忽略任何信息，一般再通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的加減乘除便可知答案。 典例3 Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarke

10、t bunches of flowers, But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as

11、$172,000 a year. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. 38How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister? A30,000. B142,000.

12、 C172,000. D202,000. 解析B根據(jù)文章的“they would earn as much as$172,000 a year.”以及“This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.”可知，總理的工資是17200030000142000。故選擇B。 典例4 Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces o

13、f wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box havent even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ” Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factorysealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the ba

14、ck of the box. . “Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game？” The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi！” “Ive got something for you，” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills. “Wow！”

15、 the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.” 29. What happened at the end of the story? A Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward. B. The salesgirl became Peters friend. C Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000. D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again. 解析A本文敘述了Peter在聽(tīng)從了一位女銷售員

16、的建議，買(mǎi)了一個(gè)舊的游戲盒子，并到網(wǎng)上拍賣。結(jié)果他掙了1000美元。為了感激這位女銷售員，他給了她300美元做為回報(bào)。根據(jù)Peter said，“ I sold the game and made $1000.Thank you for your suggestion，” He handed her three $100 bills.可知Bill感謝這位女銷售員的建議，給了她300美元作為回報(bào)。故選A。 4利用“排除法” 此法用來(lái)解決正誤判斷題，這類題型相對(duì)信息量大，誤導(dǎo)性強(qiáng)，考查學(xué)生分析問(wèn)題的能力更為突出，在排除選項(xiàng)時(shí)一定做到準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。仔細(xì)揣摩文中信息與選項(xiàng)信息的吻合性。 典例5 . Dur

17、ing the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It cant be，” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Dont you

18、find parts of it rather heavy going？” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.” . 44Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage? AShe skipped over those easy parts while reading. BShe had a hard time finishing th

19、e required reading tasks. CShe learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books. DShe turned out to be a top student after coming to this school. 解析C作者認(rèn)為閱讀應(yīng)該是一種快樂(lè)，而不是強(qiáng)迫性的閱讀，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)快樂(lè)閱讀培養(yǎng)閱讀習(xí)慣。細(xì)節(jié)理解題這種題目是判斷正誤題，答題時(shí)一定要細(xì)心選擇是錯(cuò)誤還是正確的。此題選擇的是正確的，也就意味著有3個(gè)是錯(cuò)誤，只有一個(gè)是正確的。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話“She answered, Oh, sure, but

20、I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. ”她回答說(shuō)，“哦，當(dāng)然，但我只是跳過(guò)這些部分，繼續(xù)讀下一個(gè)好的部分。”可以得出答案是這個(gè)女孩知道如何欣賞這些文章。 1無(wú)論哪種細(xì)節(jié)題目，所選答案必須與原文主題保持一致。 2.該題型正確選項(xiàng)與干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)如下： (1)正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，變成正確選項(xiàng)。 詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變?cè)木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，變成正確選項(xiàng)。 正話反說(shuō)。把原

21、文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)，變成正確選項(xiàng)(適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目)。 (2)干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 將原文內(nèi)容擴(kuò)大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換，使該選項(xiàng)看似正確，實(shí)際上卻是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。 把未然當(dāng)已然。改變文中某句話的時(shí)態(tài)，如把將來(lái)時(shí)變成現(xiàn)在時(shí)，把未發(fā)生的事情當(dāng)成已發(fā)生的事情。 無(wú)中生有。即選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測(cè)得出的結(jié)論，而文中并未涉及。 偷換概念。把原來(lái)做該事的“張三”換成”李四”，而所述細(xì)節(jié)卻與原文一致，一不小心就會(huì)誤選。 文不對(duì)題。這類選項(xiàng)最不容易辨別，選項(xiàng)中的描述與原文完全一致，確實(shí)屬于原文中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，這時(shí)要回到題干，看該選項(xiàng)是否能回答題干所提的問(wèn)題。 符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容。 部分正

22、確，部分錯(cuò)誤。閱讀常見(jiàn)的閱讀常見(jiàn)的3種方式種方式 1、讀文章、讀文章做題目做題目回頭查讀文章回頭查讀文章此為傳統(tǒng)方法，命中率較高，但速度稍慢。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能夠此為傳統(tǒng)方法，命中率較高，但速度稍慢。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能夠迅速明了全文的主題脈絡(luò)，連貫地進(jìn)行信息的獲取，缺點(diǎn)迅速明了全文的主題脈絡(luò)，連貫地進(jìn)行信息的獲取，缺點(diǎn)是由于人的短期記憶力有限，很多細(xì)節(jié)在做題的時(shí)候已經(jīng)是由于人的短期記憶力有限，很多細(xì)節(jié)在做題的時(shí)候已經(jīng)遺忘，有不確切的地方還需要回到原文中去尋找依據(jù)，費(fèi)遺忘，有不確切的地方還需要回到原文中去尋找依據(jù)，費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力。這種方法的使用，需要較為精深的時(shí)費(fèi)力。這種方法的使用，需要較為精深的“內(nèi)功修為內(nèi)功修為”

23、，一般適用于高分段的考生。一般適用于高分段的考生。 2、 讀題目讀題目(題干選項(xiàng)題干選項(xiàng))讀文章讀文章做題目做題目這種方法分為兩種，一種是只看題干不看選項(xiàng)，即大致看這種方法分為兩種，一種是只看題干不看選項(xiàng)，即大致看看問(wèn)題，然后帶著問(wèn)題再看短文；另一種是將題干和所有看問(wèn)題，然后帶著問(wèn)題再看短文；另一種是將題干和所有選項(xiàng)看完，再看短文。前者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是節(jié)約時(shí)間，缺點(diǎn)是由選項(xiàng)看完，再看短文。前者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是節(jié)約時(shí)間，缺點(diǎn)是由于不看選項(xiàng)，對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題缺乏必要的把握，同樣要返回短于不看選項(xiàng)，對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題缺乏必要的把握，同樣要返回短文查找，而且定位的時(shí)候沒(méi)有精確的坐標(biāo)；后者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是文查找，而且定位的時(shí)候沒(méi)有精確的坐標(biāo)

24、；后者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是明了要重點(diǎn)注意的目標(biāo)信息，有很明了要重點(diǎn)注意的目標(biāo)信息，有很好的閱讀針對(duì)性，缺點(diǎn)就是比前一種方法更費(fèi)時(shí)，讀文章好的閱讀針對(duì)性，缺點(diǎn)就是比前一種方法更費(fèi)時(shí)，讀文章的時(shí)間更少了，從而缺乏對(duì)全文更為宏觀和全面的把握，的時(shí)間更少了，從而缺乏對(duì)全文更為宏觀和全面的把握，容易陷入干擾選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的陷阱之中。容易陷入干擾選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的陷阱之中。 3、 讀主題讀主題讀題目讀題目讀全文讀全文做題目做題目這種方法是先看懂各段首句或短文第一段，大致明了文章這種方法是先看懂各段首句或短文第一段，大致明了文章的主題，再看題干和選項(xiàng)的大致設(shè)置的主題，再看題干和選項(xiàng)的大致設(shè)置,最后帶著問(wèn)題通讀全最后帶著問(wèn)題通讀全文。

25、優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能夠明了主題，迅速進(jìn)入狀態(tài)；缺點(diǎn)是步驟繁文。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能夠明了主題，迅速進(jìn)入狀態(tài)；缺點(diǎn)是步驟繁瑣過(guò)于耗時(shí)，而且有的文章尤其是段落很多的文章并非開(kāi)瑣過(guò)于耗時(shí)，而且有的文章尤其是段落很多的文章并非開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山直入主題。況且現(xiàn)在高考閱讀呈現(xiàn)出多段落化的發(fā)門(mén)見(jiàn)山直入主題。況且現(xiàn)在高考閱讀呈現(xiàn)出多段落化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，八段十段屢見(jiàn)不鮮，傳統(tǒng)的三段式短文已經(jīng)越來(lái)展趨勢(shì)，八段十段屢見(jiàn)不鮮，傳統(tǒng)的三段式短文已經(jīng)越來(lái)越少。越少。這三種方法各有利弊，都是在正確率和效率之間尋找特定這三種方法各有利弊，都是在正確率和效率之間尋找特定的的平衡。備戰(zhàn)高考的同學(xué)們應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的特點(diǎn)，選定一種，平衡。備戰(zhàn)高考的同學(xué)們應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的

26、特點(diǎn)，選定一種，用該方法做用該方法做25篇左右的閱讀理解就會(huì)比較熟練，基本上可篇左右的閱讀理解就會(huì)比較熟練，基本上可以達(dá)到運(yùn)用自如的水平。以達(dá)到運(yùn)用自如的水平。細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解。所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理的理解。所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述進(jìn)行發(fā)問(wèn)。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題形式有論，題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述進(jìn)行發(fā)問(wèn)。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題形式有直接理解題直接理解題(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why，which和和

27、how等提問(wèn)等提問(wèn))、詞義轉(zhuǎn)化、詞義轉(zhuǎn)化題題(需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論出結(jié)論)、數(shù)字計(jì)算、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排列順序題等。題、排列順序題等。抓住文段中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該類題的關(guān)鍵。解題原則：抓住文段中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該類題的關(guān)鍵。解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：1特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when，where，

28、what，which，who，how much/many等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題。等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題。2判斷是非的形式。含有判斷是非的形式。含有true/false，not true/false或或except等的判斷是非的問(wèn)題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有等的判斷是非的問(wèn)題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如否定詞，如not，never等。等。1直接信息題直接信息題從題干中找關(guān)鍵詞從題干中找關(guān)鍵詞快速通篇跳讀快速通篇跳讀定位與關(guān)鍵信息詞對(duì)定位與關(guān)鍵信息詞對(duì)應(yīng)的信息句應(yīng)的信息句仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容找到答案。仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容找到答案。 Conflict is on the menu tonight a

29、t the cafe La Chope.This evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of Frances favorite pastimes，coffee drinking and the “talking cure”Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isnt always easy.The customerssome thirty Parisians who pay just

30、under $2 (plus drinks) persessionare quick to intellectualize (高談闊論高談闊論)，slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say one feels， or people think，”Lehanne told them.“Say I think，Think me”32What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?_ALearn a new subject.BKeep in touch with friends

31、.CShow off their knowledge.DExpress their true feelings.D【解析解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段中的Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.可知可知，在這個(gè)特殊的咖啡館里在這個(gè)特殊的咖啡館里，人們被鼓勵(lì)說(shuō)出自己的真實(shí)感受人們被鼓勵(lì)說(shuō)出自己的真實(shí)感受，故選項(xiàng)故選項(xiàng)D正確。根據(jù)該段的內(nèi)容可知正確。根據(jù)該段的內(nèi)容可知, ,人們并未被鼓勵(lì)人們并未被鼓勵(lì)“學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新課程習(xí)一門(mén)新課程”、“與朋友保持聯(lián)系與朋友保持聯(lián)系”或或“炫耀他們的知炫耀他們

32、的知識(shí)識(shí)”，所以所以A、B、C三項(xiàng)不正確。三項(xiàng)不正確。方法點(diǎn)津方法點(diǎn)津?qū)ぷx法解細(xì)節(jié)理解題尋讀法解細(xì)節(jié)理解題在解這類題時(shí)在解這類題時(shí)，一般采用尋讀法一般采用尋讀法，帶著問(wèn)題找句子帶著問(wèn)題找句子，即先即先看看文章后面的問(wèn)題文章后面的問(wèn)題，注意記憶關(guān)鍵的詞語(yǔ)注意記憶關(guān)鍵的詞語(yǔ)，如人物、時(shí)間、如人物、時(shí)間、事事件、地點(diǎn)等件、地點(diǎn)等，確定每道題目的發(fā)問(wèn)中心確定每道題目的發(fā)問(wèn)中心，也就是說(shuō)也就是說(shuō)，某個(gè)某個(gè)問(wèn)題是針對(duì)什么提問(wèn)的。這樣帶著問(wèn)題去閱讀文章問(wèn)題是針對(duì)什么提問(wèn)的。這樣帶著問(wèn)題去閱讀文章，可以，可以做到有的放矢，有目的地找出與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，做到有的放矢，有目的地找出與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再

33、對(duì)相再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。，找出答案。2間接信息題間接信息題(語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題)該類試題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不出現(xiàn)原文中的直接信息該類試題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不出現(xiàn)原文中的直接信息,而是借助同義而是借助同義轉(zhuǎn)移、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等方法對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行適當(dāng)變轉(zhuǎn)移、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等方法對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行適當(dāng)變換。換。 The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path o

34、f time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.30How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?_ABy popularity.BBy importance.CBy size and shape.DBy time and subject.D【解析解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段中的The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through

35、the brain.可知可知，達(dá)利的作品展覽是按照達(dá)利的作品展覽是按照時(shí)間和主題組織的。對(duì)于按照時(shí)間和主題組織的。對(duì)于按照“流行度流行度”、“重要性重要性”、“尺寸和形狀尺寸和形狀”等這樣的形等這樣的形式式，文中并無(wú)信息支持。故選項(xiàng)文中并無(wú)信息支持。故選項(xiàng)D正確。正確。方法點(diǎn)津方法點(diǎn)津干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)做好細(xì)節(jié)理解題需要了解干擾項(xiàng)的如下特點(diǎn)：做好細(xì)節(jié)理解題需要了解干擾項(xiàng)的如下特點(diǎn)：1.是原文信是原文信息息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；2.符合常識(shí)符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的但不是文章的內(nèi)內(nèi)容；容；3.與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)

36、處有些變動(dòng)；動(dòng)；4.在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；5.部分正部分正確確，部分錯(cuò)誤。部分錯(cuò)誤。3數(shù)字計(jì)算題數(shù)字計(jì)算題數(shù)字計(jì)算題在近幾年高考中也考查過(guò)。此類試題是在文章數(shù)字計(jì)算題在近幾年高考中也考查過(guò)。此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，有的要經(jīng)過(guò)具體的計(jì)算才能得出中直接表現(xiàn)出事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，有的要經(jīng)過(guò)具體的計(jì)算才能得出正確的答案。具體的計(jì)算題可以是對(duì)年代、月份或比例、正確的答案。具體的計(jì)算題可以是對(duì)年代、月份或比例、費(fèi)用等的計(jì)算。文章中常會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們會(huì)對(duì)解題費(fèi)用等的計(jì)算。文章中常會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們會(huì)對(duì)解題產(chǎn)生一定的干擾。產(chǎn)生一定的干擾。Offer

37、Limited to 40 per household2016 American Silver Eagle CoinYour cost 14 Coins $38.95 each s/h59 Coins $38.45 each s/h1019 Coins $37.95 each s/h2040 Coins $37.45 each s/hNote：$10 s/h (shipping and handling) for each purchaseFor fastest service，call tollfree 24 hours a day 1888201714365If you buy six 2

38、016 US.Mint Silver Eagles by post，you should pay at least _A$230.7B$233.7C$240.7 D$243.7【解析解析】數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文章所提供的價(jià)格表：數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文章所提供的價(jià)格表：59 Coins $38.45 eachs/h；并結(jié)合；并結(jié)合Note：$10 s/h(shipping and handling)for each purchase可計(jì)算可計(jì)算如下：如下：$38.45610$240.7，因此答案為因此答案為C。C方法點(diǎn)津方法點(diǎn)津?qū)τ诖祟愵}目對(duì)于此類題目，考生應(yīng)該先閱讀題干考生應(yīng)該先閱讀題干，然后帶著題干

39、中的然后帶著題干中的關(guān)關(guān)鍵詞去讀文章鍵詞去讀文章，對(duì)于數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等應(yīng)該在讀的同時(shí)對(duì)于數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等應(yīng)該在讀的同時(shí)作作出標(biāo)記出標(biāo)記，以便讀完文章后做相應(yīng)的計(jì)算。對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)據(jù)以便讀完文章后做相應(yīng)的計(jì)算。對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)據(jù)，可采用可采用“推算法推算法”，即以有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為基準(zhǔn)即以有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為基準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)較多的短文算。對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)較多的短文，通常可采用，通常可采用“列表法列表法”，即按，即按一一定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門(mén)別類地列出，化模糊為清晰，為計(jì)算定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門(mén)別類地列出，化模糊為清晰，為計(jì)算打下基礎(chǔ)。打下基礎(chǔ)。 既然是事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，其答案必然在文中可以直接找到既然是事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)

40、題，其答案必然在文中可以直接找到相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)，有的是根據(jù)一個(gè)信息點(diǎn)即可選出答案，有相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)，有的是根據(jù)一個(gè)信息點(diǎn)即可選出答案，有的需要綜合兩個(gè)或多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)才可選出答案。的需要綜合兩個(gè)或多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)才可選出答案。 解答這類題可用解答這類題可用“順藤摸瓜順藤摸瓜”法：法： 題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為“藤藤”，文中的答案信息為，文中的答案信息為“瓜瓜”?！绊樚倜享樚倜稀狈ǎ褪歉鶕?jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞法，就是根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 (“藤藤”)到文到文中去找相同或相似的關(guān)鍵詞句中去找相同或相似的關(guān)鍵詞句 (“藤藤”)，然后順著這根，然后順著這根“藤藤”找到答案信息找到答案信息 (“瓜瓜”)。一般來(lái)

41、說(shuō)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)“瓜瓜”多在多在“藤藤”后面，若后面的信息不是后面，若后面的信息不是“瓜瓜”，我們就往，我們就往“藤藤”前去摸。前去摸。 短文中的短文中的“瓜瓜”與選項(xiàng)的與選項(xiàng)的“瓜瓜”一般不會(huì)完全相同，而是以同義或近義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)。一般不會(huì)完全相同，而是以同義或近義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)。 這種方法特別適用于英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)薄弱的同學(xué)，哪怕在閱讀文章上存在障礙，但只要根這種方法特別適用于英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)薄弱的同學(xué)，哪怕在閱讀文章上存在障礙，但只要根據(jù)題干中所透露出的關(guān)鍵信息回到原文去找相同或相似的表達(dá)即可。據(jù)題干中所透露出的關(guān)鍵信息回到原文去找相同或相似的表達(dá)即可。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題是閱讀理解題中必考的一種題型，也是占比例最細(xì)節(jié)理解題

42、是閱讀理解題中必考的一種題型，也是占比例最大的題型，其解題依據(jù)定在閱讀材料中，這種題型可以用大的題型，其解題依據(jù)定在閱讀材料中，這種題型可以用“復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)”的方法來(lái)解答。的方法來(lái)解答。 所謂所謂“復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)”，就是指某一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)意思，以其近義詞、，就是指某一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)意思，以其近義詞、反義詞、上下義詞、同根詞或原詞的形式在文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。反義詞、上下義詞、同根詞或原詞的形式在文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。懂得這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)解答完形填空非常有用，但用來(lái)解答閱讀理解細(xì)懂得這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)解答完形填空非常有用，但用來(lái)解答閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題也同樣管用。節(jié)題也同樣管用。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題的復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是：正確答案選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)句中的單詞或

43、短細(xì)節(jié)理解題的復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是：正確答案選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)句中的單詞或短語(yǔ)與閱讀材料中的單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一種重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系。它同樣語(yǔ)與閱讀材料中的單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一種重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系。它同樣可以分為：同義、反義、上下義、同根詞或原詞?？梢苑譃椋和x、反義、上下義、同根詞或原詞。 運(yùn)用復(fù)現(xiàn)策略解題首先要定位與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的句子，然后觀運(yùn)用復(fù)現(xiàn)策略解題首先要定位與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的句子，然后觀察及分析該句子前后的句子是否滿足復(fù)現(xiàn)的情況。請(qǐng)看下面的察及分析該句子前后的句子是否滿足復(fù)現(xiàn)的情況。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。例子。 1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn) 同一單詞或短語(yǔ)在選項(xiàng)中和閱讀材料中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。如：同一單詞或短語(yǔ)在選項(xiàng)中和閱讀材料中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。如： I

44、 arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required. 2

45、.同義復(fù)現(xiàn)同義復(fù)現(xiàn) 就是閱讀材料中的詞語(yǔ)是以其同義或近義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)在正確選就是閱讀材料中的詞語(yǔ)是以其同義或近義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)在正確選項(xiàng)之中。如：項(xiàng)之中。如： we cautiously began a conversion and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the co

46、unter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked, “My I get you something?” “A coffee would be nice.”The author bought coffee for the old man because _.A. he thought the old man was poorB. he wanted to start a conversationC. he intended to show his politenessD. he would like to thank the old man解析：解析：選

47、項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)A中的中的the old man was poor 與閱讀材料中的與閱讀材料中的he might have no money 是同義表達(dá)，即是同義表達(dá)，即have no money 是是be poor 的同義的同義或近義表達(dá)?；蚪x表達(dá)。A 3.反義復(fù)現(xiàn)反義復(fù)現(xiàn) 選項(xiàng)中是用與閱讀材料中的單詞或短語(yǔ)意義相反的單詞或短選項(xiàng)中是用與閱讀材料中的單詞或短語(yǔ)意義相反的單詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)相同的意思。如：語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)相同的意思。如： Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence

48、. They can learn how to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. 4.同根復(fù)現(xiàn)同根復(fù)現(xiàn) 指在同一語(yǔ)種中詞根相同、意義相似的詞。如：指在同一語(yǔ)種中詞根相同、意義相似的詞。如： But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thou

49、ghtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy. 5.上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)上下義復(fù)現(xiàn) 上義語(yǔ)句所指的內(nèi)容是概括性的，下義的內(nèi)容是分述具體上義語(yǔ)句所指的內(nèi)容是概括性的，下義的內(nèi)容是分述具體的。如：的。如： I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題就是對(duì)文中的具體信息提問(wèn)，即對(duì)時(shí)間事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)

50、題就是對(duì)文中的具體信息提問(wèn)，即對(duì)時(shí)間地地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)原因原因人物人物事件、目的等具體信息進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。這類題在事件、目的等具體信息進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。這類題在高考的閱讀理解中占的比例最大。高考的閱讀理解中占的比例最大。細(xì)節(jié)題有數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排序題、是非判斷題，但主要還細(xì)節(jié)題有數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排序題、是非判斷題，但主要還是語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題，事實(shí)上前三種題中的選項(xiàng)也很少見(jiàn)與文中信息是語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題，事實(shí)上前三種題中的選項(xiàng)也很少見(jiàn)與文中信息的表達(dá)方式一模一樣的，也大多經(jīng)過(guò)了同義轉(zhuǎn)換。語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換通的表達(dá)方式一模一樣的，也大多經(jīng)過(guò)了同義轉(zhuǎn)換。語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換通常有三種。常有三種。1. 1. 直接信息題直接信息題 雖說(shuō)是直接信息題，但選項(xiàng)與文中信息的表

51、達(dá)方式也不會(huì)完雖說(shuō)是直接信息題，但選項(xiàng)與文中信息的表達(dá)方式也不會(huì)完全一樣，正確選項(xiàng)是文中的某個(gè)信息點(diǎn)或某個(gè)句子的信息的另一全一樣，正確選項(xiàng)是文中的某個(gè)信息點(diǎn)或某個(gè)句子的信息的另一種表達(dá)?？忌移饋?lái)相對(duì)較易。種表達(dá)。考生找起來(lái)相對(duì)較易。例例1Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angryshouting at meI put

52、 on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?A. They speed up to pass.

53、B. They waited with patience.C. They tried their best to help.D. They put on their flashlights too.B解析：解析：B B 在文中對(duì)應(yīng)信息是在文中對(duì)應(yīng)信息是But instead of getting But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waitedimpatient and angry, they waited，正確選項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)B B。They waited with patienceThey waited with patience

54、，其中，其中with patience (with patience (耐耐心地心地) )是是instead of getting impatient and angry instead of getting impatient and angry ( (沒(méi)有不耐煩和生氣沒(méi)有不耐煩和生氣) )的另一種表達(dá)形式。的另一種表達(dá)形式。2. 間接信息題間接信息題雖然正確選項(xiàng)的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文中可以找到，但其對(duì)應(yīng)的信雖然正確選項(xiàng)的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文中可以找到，但其對(duì)應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)不是一個(gè)信息點(diǎn)或在某個(gè)句子中，而是涉及前后兩三個(gè)信息息點(diǎn)不是一個(gè)信息點(diǎn)或在某個(gè)句子中，而是涉及前后兩三個(gè)信息點(diǎn)，或兩三個(gè)句子的信息，這兩三個(gè)

55、信息點(diǎn)或句子可能緊緊相連，點(diǎn)，或兩三個(gè)句子的信息，這兩三個(gè)信息點(diǎn)或句子可能緊緊相連，也可能不在同一段落。也可能不在同一段落。例例2 Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagin

56、ation.What do we know about Tom?What do we know about Tom?A. He was seriously ill.A. He was seriously ill.B. He was a dishonest boy.B. He was a dishonest boy.C. He was crazy about magic.C. He was crazy about magic.D. He was Dr. Epsteins patient.D. He was Dr. Epsteins patient.解析：解析：A A 正確選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)是A A，

57、其對(duì)應(yīng)信息在前后兩句話中，關(guān)鍵信息，其對(duì)應(yīng)信息在前后兩句話中，關(guān)鍵信息是是“癌癥癌癥(cancer)(cancer)”“”“經(jīng)歷了幾次手術(shù)經(jīng)歷了幾次手術(shù)(through several (through several operations)operations)”“”“非常痛苦非常痛苦(a lot of pain)(a lot of pain)”，通過(guò)歸納，可知，通過(guò)歸納，可知“他的病非常嚴(yán)重他的病非常嚴(yán)重”，故選，故選A A。順便提提，。順便提提，“癌癥癌癥(cancer)(cancer)”是是“生病生病(ill)(ill)”的下義詞。的下義詞。3. 綜合信息題綜合信息題或叫細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，正

58、確選項(xiàng)中幾乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)詞可或叫細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，正確選項(xiàng)中幾乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)詞可以在文中找到，也不是簡(jiǎn)單的用同義或近義詞替換而來(lái)，以在文中找到，也不是簡(jiǎn)單的用同義或近義詞替換而來(lái)，而是要求考生在理解多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)之后得出的結(jié)論。這些而是要求考生在理解多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)之后得出的結(jié)論。這些信息點(diǎn)可能在一句，可能在整段甚至前后幾段，考生要信息點(diǎn)可能在一句，可能在整段甚至前后幾段，考生要對(duì)這些信息進(jìn)行分析綜合，歸納提煉，才可作出正確選對(duì)這些信息進(jìn)行分析綜合，歸納提煉，才可作出正確選擇。擇。例例3 One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adol

59、escent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,” he wrote.When he first met the author, DavidWhen he first met the author, David . .A. felt

60、a little excitedA. felt a little excitedB. walked energeticallyB. walked energeticallyC. looked a little nervousC. looked a little nervousD. showed up with his teacherD. showed up with his teacherC解析：解析：C C 在文中對(duì)應(yīng)信息是在文中對(duì)應(yīng)信息是 “ “He kept walking up and down He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly”slightly”，考生要根據(jù)，考生要根據(jù) “ “他不安地踱來(lái)踱去，面色蒼白，他的他不安地踱來(lái)踱去，面色蒼白，他的雙手在微微顫動(dòng)雙手在微微顫動(dòng)”綜合考慮這些具體的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)，再結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)綜合考慮這些具體的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)，再結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷，才可知道行推斷，才可知道“他看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)緊張他看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)緊張”，故選，故選C C。