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1、第十講 定語從句1關(guān)系詞的使用，特別是which，that，when，where等；2介詞和關(guān)系代詞連用時，介詞的選用；3以as引導(dǎo)的定語從句；4只用that的情況；5只用which的情況；6關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選用；7定語從句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別。從2011年的考題來看，定語從句主要考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞、非限制性定語從句(特別是先行詞是整個句子時)、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。此外，非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別，是近年來的熱點之一；對于表地點、時間的先行詞模糊化，為近年來高考的熱點和難點。1(2011全國卷) The prize will go to the

2、 writer_story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whose D. what解析考查定語從句whose作定語的用法。句意：獎品將發(fā)給其故事最具想象力的作家。story與先行詞writer之間為所屬關(guān)系，故用whose。答案C2. (2010山東) Thats the new machine_parts are too small to be seen.A. that B. whichC. whose D. What解析本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意應(yīng)為“那就是那臺零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機器。”空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句并且在從句中作

3、定語使用，所以使用whose。答案C3. (2010陜西)The old temple_roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. whichC. its D. whose解析考查定語從句。所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the old temple，關(guān)系詞在從句中做roof的定語，用關(guān)系代詞whose，選D。其余選項與題意不符。答案D4. (2010北京) Children who are not active or_diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what

4、 B. whoseC. which D. that 解析本題考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇。句意“不愛運動或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會很快發(fā)胖?！北径ㄕZ從句不缺成分，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，因此只能在考慮填關(guān)系代詞。A中的what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。選B. whose誰的，符合題意。答案B5(2009安徽)Many children，_parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.Atheir BwhoseCof them Dwith whom解析先行詞為children，將先行詞還原到定語從句中：man

5、y childrens parents are away working in big cities。由此可以看出被還原部分為many childrens，用了一個s所有格作定語修飾parents。在所有的關(guān)系詞中只有whose可以在定語從句中作定語，故答案選B。答案Bwhose用來指人或物，在定語從句中只作定語I know the girl whose father is our headmaster.我認(rèn)識那個女孩，她的父親是我們的校長。The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.門破了的那間教室很快就會被維修。that

6、引導(dǎo)的定語從句1(2011山東)The old town has narrow streets and small houses_are built close to each other.A. theyB. whereC. what D. that解析此題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：“這個老城鎮(zhèn)擁有建的彼此靠近的狹窄的街道和狹小的房屋”。定語從句中缺少主語指物，因此用 that。答案D2. (2010全國卷)I refuse to accept the blame for something_was someone elses fault. A. who B. thatC. as D. wh

7、at解析考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。不定代詞something作先行詞，用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案B3(2011北京) Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，_， of course, made all the others upset.A. who B. whichC. what D. that解析 考查非限定性定語從句。逗號后的非限定性定語從句中缺少主語，選擇which。答案B1不用that的情況(1)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(2)介詞后不能用。2只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況(1)在there be 句型中，

8、只用that，不用which。(2)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。(3)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。 (4)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。(5)先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the po

9、lice. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察?！緦＜姨嵝选慷ㄕZ從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“的(名詞)”。而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定語從句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較： We all have heard the news that our team won.我們都聽到了我們球隊勝利的消息。 (同位語從句，that從句表示ne

10、ws的內(nèi)容，that 在從句中不作任何成分) We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. 我們不相信他昨天告訴我們的那個消息。(定語從句，that 作told 的賓語)1(2011江西)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction_had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of which D. to which解析考查定語從句。先行詞為museum，在從句中充當(dāng)定語，博物

11、館的建造工程花費了超過三年的時間，介詞用of。選C。答案C2(2011浙江) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of_uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. whatC. them D. those 解析 考點為高一重點非限制性定語從句，其實考生看到那標(biāo)志性的逗號就應(yīng)該有所覺悟。前面主句完整不缺成分，故后面部分一定為狀語或定語從句，根據(jù)句意可以判斷出后面是對前面cultures的解釋，則確定是定語從句cultures即先行詞，排除B(并非名詞性從句)、C(代詞

12、，引導(dǎo)從句不當(dāng))、D(副詞，詞不達意)。答案A3(2011湖南)Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of_she spoke fluently. A. who B. whomC. which D. that 解析考查定語從句復(fù)合關(guān)系詞的選用。介詞后不能用that，由于先行詞是語言，故選C。答案C4(2010上海)Wind power is an ancient source of energy_we may return in the near future.Aon which Bby whichCto which Dfrom

13、which解析考查定語從句。句意：風(fēng)力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會再利用它。return to“重新利用”，屬于固定搭配。故排除含有介詞on，by和from的A、B、D項。答案C5(2010浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of_left their village homes for a better life in the city.Awhom BwhichCthem Dthose解析考查定語從句。該從句的先行詞是nearly 1,000 people，然后把先行詞“代入”從句中，判斷其在從句中的“地位”

14、和“作用”，此處先行詞在定語從句中作of的賓語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞whom，據(jù)此選A項。答案A1介詞關(guān)系代詞中介詞的賓語只能是which或whomThe gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告訴我的那位紳士證實是小偷。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。2當(dāng)復(fù)合介詞短語which引導(dǎo)定語從句時，這種定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開，從句用倒裝語序

15、He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大樹。3介詞which/whom不定式結(jié)構(gòu)The poor man has no house in which to live.那個可憐的人沒有房子住。4ofwhich/whom表示所屬關(guān)系。(表所屬關(guān)系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。1(20

16、11江蘇)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，_the audience can buy icecream.A. whenB. whereC. that D. which解析這道題考查非限定性定語從句。首先解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷從句類型，題干說“在音樂會中間有間歇，此時你可以買冰激凌?！鳖}干的前半部分完整無缺，后半部分補充說明這個間歇你可以干的事，所以這是一個非限定性定語從句，先行詞為interval，非限定性定語從句的功能就是對先行詞進行補充說明。由于從句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表時間，所以正確答案為A.答案A2

17、(2011浙江)A bank is the place_they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. thatC. where D. there解析 主句主系表結(jié)構(gòu)俱全，后面一定是起修飾作用的定語或狀語從句，看意思從句是在解釋前面的place是一個怎么樣的地方，確定是定語從句且先行詞即place。而從句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)俱全也不缺成分，因此用連接副詞where在從句中代替place充當(dāng)狀語。句子的中文直譯：銀行，是在天晴之時借傘給你、到了下起雨來之時就催你

18、還回去的地方。答案C3(2011福建)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students_allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. whereC. what D. who 解析考查限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞的選用。句中atmosphere為先行詞，which引導(dǎo)定語從句且在從句中作主語。答案A4(2010江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her s

19、ister_she would stay for an hour.Awhere BwhoCwhich Dwhat解析考查關(guān)系詞的用法。由空后句子中的stay可知，先行詞應(yīng)為表示地點的the training centre；同樣由stay可知，先行詞在定語從句中作狀語。故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。答案A1關(guān)系詞的選擇主要依據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作的成分，先行詞在從句中作主語、定語、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行詞在從句中作狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where，when，why)。2who，whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞

20、或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想見你的那個人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語)He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)which，that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考試不及格，這使他父親很生氣。3關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由

21、的名詞，在從句中作狀語。具體用法如下：when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語；where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語；why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。【專家提醒】先行詞是時間名詞或地點名詞時，如果在從句中不作狀語，則不能用when或where引導(dǎo)定語從句，而要用which/that。I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city.我仍然記得我們一起在那座城

22、市度過的那一天。(這里which/that指代the day作spent的賓語)。1(2010四川)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_turned out to be a wise decision.Athat BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析考查非限制性定語從句。在此，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面句子的內(nèi)容。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我抽出一部分時間去旅游，事實證明這是一個明智的選擇。答案B2(2011全國卷) Ted came for the weekend wearing o

23、nly some shorts and a Tshirt，_is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A. this B. thatC. what D. which解析which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是前面整個句子。答案D3(2009全國卷)My friend showed me round the town，_was very kind of him. A. which B. thatC. where D. it 解析 考查非限制性定語從句(這兒的which指代前面整句話內(nèi)容。) 答案 A1關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定

24、語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：(1)such.as.像那樣的。當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾或本身是such 時，as作為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾這個先行詞。如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using.我們希望弄到像他使用的一樣的工具。They are such warmedhearted men as Ill never forget.他們是那樣熱心的，我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記的人們。That was such terrible weather as destroyed our whole

25、trip plan.那是一個那樣可怕的天氣，毀壞了我們的整個旅游計劃?！緦＜姨嵝选縮uch.as.與such.that.的區(qū)別as引導(dǎo)定語從句，as要在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，that在從句中不作成分。如：He is such a good student as all the teachers like.他是那樣一個老師們都喜歡的好學(xué)生。He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.他是那樣一個好學(xué)生，以致于老師們都喜歡他(2)the same.as.像一樣的。這是一個習(xí)慣句式，當(dāng)先行詞是the

26、same或被the same修飾時，后面的定語從句常用as引導(dǎo)，這時as是關(guān)系代詞，常在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。這樣的定語從句常用省略形式。如：I live in the same house as he(lives in). 我的房子與他的房子相同。She got the same salary as a man(got)她的薪金與男的相同?！緦＜姨嵝选縜s引導(dǎo)的這種從句有時用that或where引導(dǎo)。that表示“同一個人或物”；as表示“相同中的另一個”。如：I lived in the same house that he lives in.我與他住在同一房子中。I lived

27、in the same house where he lives.比較：the same.that.像一樣的。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“同一個”。如：She gave him the same answer as before：“No”她回答他跟以前一樣：“不?！盩his is the same dictionary that I lost last week.這部詞典同我上星期丟失的那一本一樣。2關(guān)系代詞as，which的區(qū)別(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個內(nèi)

28、容，而不是主句中的某一個詞。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2)當(dāng)非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時，只能用as。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that

29、 the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.后兩句屬名詞性從句范疇。(3)as意為“正如”，后面的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意為“這一點”。As is known to all，Bell invented the telephone.Bell invented the telephon

30、e，as is known to all.As is often the case，Mike was late again and made up an excuse to fool the boss.1. The factory was built in a secret place, around_high mountains. A. which wasB. it wasC. which were D. them were【易誤分析】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢甘荂，around which were high mount

31、ains 是一個由“介詞which”引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was。2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around_I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”A. that B. whichC. where D. what【易誤分析】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞

32、hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。【名師指津】最佳答案為C。以上語法分析并不算錯，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點不合情理，因為人們通常是在醫(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？3_is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once e

33、very month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What【易誤分析】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個形式主語。【名師指津】最佳答案是 B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：_is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What此題答案選A，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。4. David is such a good boy_all the teachers like.A. that B.

34、whoC. as D. whom【易誤分析】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such. that.句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢笧镃，不是A，因為在such.that.(如此以至)結(jié)構(gòu)中， that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such.that.，句末的動詞 like 缺賓語。選C的理由如下： as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時 as 在定語從句中用作動詞 like 的賓語，句意為“所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學(xué)可能還會問，

35、假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因為當(dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that。 5. The buses, most of_were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. that B. itC. them D. which【易誤分析】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢甘荄。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses。6. He had t

36、housands of students, many of_gained great success in their own field.A. whom B. themC. which D. who【易誤分析】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢甘茿，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of.的前面加上連詞and，則選B。7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of_invited to his wedding.A

37、. whom B. themC. which D. who【易誤分析】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢甘荁，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 invited 并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動詞 were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A。8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park，_parents seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. t

38、hat【易誤分析】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢甘茿。與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為 seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。9. If the man is only interested in your looks，_just shows how shallow he is.A. as B. whichC. what D. that【易誤分析】容易誤選A或B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句?！久麕熤附颉空_答

39、案為D，注意逗號前是一個條件狀語從句，逗號后是該狀語從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。10. She says that shell never forget the time_shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. which B. whenC. how D. where【易誤分析】容易誤選B，機械地認(rèn)為時間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where?！久麕熤附颉空_答案為A。在時間名詞和地點名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系

40、代詞；若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動詞 spent 缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that。1. It is morning_we have four classes, not afternoon.A. whenB. whichC. that D. why解析 when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。答案A2. Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrived，many of_even cried with joy.Athose Bthem Cwhom Dwho解析 考查定語從句。此處為介詞前置的非限制性定語從

41、句。答案C3. The appearance of a super skyscraper in the desert is far beyond our imagination，_throws great doubt on the height of the tall building.A. that B. oneC. which D. it解析 考查非限制性定語從句。此處which代替前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。答案C4He saw her coming, and advised me to hide behind the door，_advice I took at once.A. whose B

42、. whatC. that D. which 解析 考查定語從句。此處考查which修飾名詞的定語從句。此題較難。答案D5. Barrack Obamas recent visit to the Asian nations clearly sent a message to the world _Asia is important in Americas global partnership.A. which B. whereC. that D. as解析 考查名詞性從句的連接詞。此處message是同位語從句的抽象名詞，Asia is important in Americas global

43、 partnership是同位語從句。答案C6. Shes in a hopeless situation，_we will keep a very close eye on.A. where B. whenC. which D. that解析 考查定語從句。此處situation是先行詞，其在定語從句中作on的賓語。答案C7. Ms. Claire is a strict but kind teacher，_I respect and appreciate most. A. that B. whatC. one D. which解析 考查定語從句的連接詞及代詞的用法。此處one是a teac

44、her的同位語，其后帶了一個定語從句I respect and appreciate most。答案C8. It was not until graduation_I realized what high school life means to me.A. that B. whenC. while D. as解析 考查強調(diào)句型。此處not until graduation為被強調(diào)的部分。答案A9. The fact has worried many scientists_the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.Awhat Bwh

45、ichCthat Dthough解析 考查同位語從句。此處fact是同位語從句的抽象名詞，that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句后置。答案C10. The national Education Department says school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent serious accidents_students got injured or even killed.A. that B. in whichC. by which Dwhen解析 考查定語從句。此處accident是先行詞，其在定語從句中作狀語。答案B11. The autho

46、rs of computer viruses are geniuses.I agree. They can apply their wisdom to other nettechnology from_human beings can benefit.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhere答案B12. During World War II, he took many photos，_some captured the emotions of both the soldiers and the civilians in wartorn Europe.Afrom them B.of w

47、hichCby which Damong them解析 考查非限制性定語從句。此處原為some of whichof which some。答案B13. We shouldnt have spent our money testing so many people, most of_are healthy.A. that B. which C. what D. whom答案D14. That is the small house less than 20 square meters, under_roof lives a large family of three generations.A.

48、 which B. whoseC. its D. that解析 考查定語從句的先行詞。此處house和roof之間是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose。答案B15. Tom took the police to the spot_the accident happened.Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dwhen解析 本題考查定語從句。因先行詞是spot，且從句中的動詞happen為不及物動詞，后不能接賓語，故應(yīng)選where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案C16. The lazy boy is expecting a way_he can get through the exams without ha

49、rd work.A. that B. in thatC. which D. where解析 考查定語從句的先行詞。此處a way作先行詞，用in which/that/省略先行詞。答案A17. Since 1995, _people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the network.A. which B. whenC. in which D. by which time解析 考查定語從句的連接詞。此處1995作call的賓語。答案A18. Our chemistry teacher an

50、nounced that he would do the experiment in a different way_we might find interesting.Awhich Bin whichCin that Dwhom解析 考查定語從句的連接詞。此處way在定語從句中作find的賓語，故用which。答案A19. It was after careful consideration_we decided to take action.Awhich BthatCwhy Dwhen解析 考查強調(diào)句型。此處強調(diào)after careful consideration。答案B20(2010福建省莆田一中高三上學(xué)期期末考試)Its a fact_he has not received the letter.A. that B. whichC. whether D. what解析 考查名詞性從句的連接詞。此處a fact是同位語從句的抽象名詞。答案A