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1、專(zhuān)題11 閱讀理解易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)森林，誤把細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)主題 （2016天津卷）Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲憊) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task bec

2、ause it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult jo

3、b first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母順序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the days work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Exper

4、ience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can then let the unconsc

5、ious take over. When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全書(shū)), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One d

6、ay, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind.

7、 In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.What could be the best title for the passage?A. Success Is Built upon Fa

8、ilureB. How to Handle Performance FatigueC. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to SuccessD. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems【試題解析】根據(jù)全篇文章和最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹造成失敗的兩種疲憊，以及如何克服疲憊。故選C。 【參考答案】 C近幾年的高考閱讀理解越來(lái)越傾向于從語(yǔ)篇的角度考查能力，考生在做題時(shí)也要相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎w思維，要從整體把握文章的大意，不可過(guò)于糾纏細(xì)節(jié)。利用文章的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行干擾是命題人常采用的干擾方式，考生千萬(wàn)不可被其迷惑。遇到主旨大意題或是

9、標(biāo)題歸納題，切忌只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木，不見(jiàn)森林。If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the suns l

10、ight. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night: Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. Living in a glare of our making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolut

11、ionary and cultural heritagethe light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Waythe e

12、dge of our galaxy arching overhead.53. It is implied in the last paragraph that . A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animalsB. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritagesC. human beings cannot go to the outer space D. human beings should reflect on their position in the un

13、iverse【答案】 D易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 主觀臆斷，忽視邏輯 (2016新課標(biāo)卷II)Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books

14、 they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of Boo

15、kCrossing, says, The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who fin

16、d a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCr

17、ossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the real and not the virtual(虛擬). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B. To introd

18、uce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading. 【錯(cuò)因分析】 考生容易做錯(cuò)的原因是忽視本題上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和所涉及的相關(guān)信息，單一地、孤立地分析某句內(nèi)容從而不能全面總結(jié)。【參考答案】B 回歸原文，重視邏輯考生做閱讀理解題的唯一依據(jù)就是文章，所有的判斷都應(yīng)圍繞文章進(jìn)行。每篇文章都是完整的語(yǔ)篇，上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系非常緊密。在做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，考生需要通過(guò)上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系揣測(cè)作者所要表達(dá)的真正意圖。 （2017浙江）Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his t

19、alent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days , a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a

20、 brush. In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (風(fēng)景) painting. Wiliams ,a well-known painter, came to see him work . Wiliams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home .The books were long and d

21、ull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night. While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy dec

22、ided then that he would be an artist.23. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.B. He provided him with painting materials.C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D. He taught him how to make engravings.【答案】B 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 信息錯(cuò)位，忽視題干 Once when

23、I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had: Be bold and brave and mighty(強(qiáng)大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the pas

24、t, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness

25、means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas even physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly, those mighty forces are spi

26、ritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal li

27、ne, said Tim. I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet (子彈) and stopped him cold.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.1.What was especially important for Tims

28、successful defense in the football game?A. His physical strength.B. His basic skill.C. His real fear.D. His spiritual force.【錯(cuò)因分析】 考生在解答本題時(shí)，如果沒(méi)有注意到題干中的關(guān)鍵詞especially，很容易誤選B，主要是以為誤解了文中的信息Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player.，認(rèn)為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)該具備很好

29、的技能。其實(shí)，只要把握住了題干中的especially，就能容易確定答案了?！緟⒖即鸢浮?D 審清題干，鎖定范圍考生在做閱讀理解題時(shí)，一定要看清題干，即所問(wèn)的問(wèn)題是什么，切忌答非所問(wèn)。更改原句詞匯，偷換概念，變換時(shí)態(tài)以及顛倒是非都是命題人經(jīng)常采用的干擾方式。由于題干或選項(xiàng)不是照抄文章中的句子，而是用其同意詞句進(jìn)行表達(dá)的，所以考生一定要仔細(xì)對(duì)照文章，做出正確判斷。(2017全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid

30、, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of

31、making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技藝）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and

32、virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core （核心）of our relationship off the screen.We shared the brief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something bac

33、k he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at ev

34、ents.I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?A. Paul Newman wanted it.B. The stud

35、io powers didnt like his agent.C. He wasnt famous enough.D. The director recommended someone else.【答案】C 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4 斷章取義，忽視語(yǔ)篇You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association，founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(貧困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small bu

36、sinesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promisingchangemakers seeking to solve(解決) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is

37、to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young peoples ambition to set up pr

38、ogrammes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all

39、the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggl

40、ing with chemical fertilizers(化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were 14，000.Drayton is optimistic that in

41、 ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.The authors attitude towards Ashokas programme can be described as _Achanging BforgivingCcautious Dpositive【錯(cuò)因分析】 文章介紹了Bill Drayton創(chuàng)辦的機(jī)構(gòu)Ashoka，該機(jī)構(gòu)旨在

42、讓每一個(gè)公民都成為changemaker。如果考生不通篇理解，只注意到文章的某些細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，可能誤選A或C?！緟⒖即鸢浮?D 重視語(yǔ)境，挖掘信息近幾年的高考閱讀理解題中出現(xiàn)了不少夾敘夾議類(lèi)文章，或者是先敘述后議論、或者在敘述中夾有議論，無(wú)論是哪種類(lèi)型的文章，作者都不直接表明自己的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，而是將自己的情感貫穿于文章之中?？忌谧鲱}過(guò)程中，要從語(yǔ)篇的角度推斷作者的情感。遇到猜測(cè)詞義或句意類(lèi)試題，考生要依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行綜合推斷，不宜只根據(jù)某一處細(xì)節(jié)或某個(gè)句子下結(jié)論。 Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time

43、 for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental

44、control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.

45、Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to

46、be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思維方面) and personally. While we should provide safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual gr

47、owth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群體) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social beh

48、avior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their

49、elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(規(guī)定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do s

50、o. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experi

51、ence intellectual growth. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.Whats the authors attitude toward co

52、ntinued parental guidance to college students?A. Sympathetic B. DisapprovingC. Supportive D. Neutral 【答案】A高考閱讀理解試題解題誤區(qū)第一大誤區(qū)，閱讀文章時(shí)逐字逐句，力爭(zhēng)讀懂每一句話(huà)。很多同學(xué)都覺(jué)得閱讀理解時(shí)間不夠，往往是采用的這種閱讀方法。在高考或者我們平時(shí)高考模擬考試中，英語(yǔ)閱讀一共應(yīng)分配的時(shí)間是35分鐘。平均每篇文章7分鐘，那么這每篇文章的7分鐘又應(yīng)該大致如何分配呢？我問(wèn)過(guò)一些中學(xué)生同學(xué)，不少同學(xué)都認(rèn)為文章讀5分鐘，題做兩分鐘。他們的理由很簡(jiǎn)單，讀完這樣一篇高考文章，沒(méi)個(gè)5分鐘不太可能。

53、那么我可以肯定的說(shuō)，花5分鐘讀文章的同學(xué)2分鐘絕對(duì)做不完題。于是在考試中這些同學(xué)只得采取犧牲寫(xiě)作文的時(shí)間這樣一種拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻的方法以求在閱讀上多拿分。這樣的做法往往收效甚微，感覺(jué)時(shí)間不夠的同學(xué)很多時(shí)候是因?yàn)椴扇×隋e(cuò)誤的閱讀方法，這樣的話(huà)即使補(bǔ)進(jìn)去10來(lái)分鐘時(shí)間，其實(shí)也不見(jiàn)得能多拿幾分。一場(chǎng)考試下來(lái)，同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)閱讀錯(cuò)了很多，開(kāi)始反思的時(shí)候，會(huì)這樣想，我是閱讀速度太慢，文章沒(méi)有讀懂，我應(yīng)該繼續(xù)努力提高我的英文水平，爭(zhēng)取下次考試能把文展輕松讀懂。這樣一個(gè)努力方向是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，就高考文章而言，要在7分鐘內(nèi)把文章讀的清楚明白，還要把題作對(duì)，基本是一個(gè)不可能任務(wù)。而且出題人也根本沒(méi)指望一個(gè)中學(xué)生能把高考閱

54、讀文章讀的通通透透。高考閱讀主要考查的是同學(xué)們兩方面的能力，一個(gè)是把握文章主旨大意，另一方面是把握文章的某些細(xì)節(jié)?？季V中說(shuō)閱讀理解測(cè)試學(xué)生好幾方面的能力，其實(shí)都可以歸到這兩類(lèi)里，它不過(guò)寫(xiě)到更具體一些而已，比如根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷、推理和引申，這些推理引申不是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的，其根據(jù)也只能根據(jù)兩點(diǎn)，要么文章主旨，要么文章某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。 因此根據(jù)高考閱讀考查的特點(diǎn)，我們?cè)谧x文章時(shí)不是應(yīng)該每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都不放過(guò)的去讀，而是應(yīng)該讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，讀出結(jié)構(gòu)，主旨題就能解決，而其他細(xì)節(jié)題再回文章定位做出。平時(shí)我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中就要注意了，我們讀文章時(shí)要讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，不要在細(xì)節(jié)上做過(guò)多的糾纏。高考文章中的說(shuō)明文占的比重較

55、大，難度也大，而偏偏是這類(lèi)文章結(jié)構(gòu)鮮明，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該注意把握。我們把閱讀的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到文章結(jié)構(gòu)之后，建立起正確的時(shí)間分配方法就不是難事了，那就是讀文章3 分鐘，做題4分鐘。其實(shí)你熟悉了把握結(jié)構(gòu)這種讀文章的方式之后，3分鐘足夠你把握文章的大致結(jié)構(gòu)。第二個(gè)誤區(qū)，讀文章時(shí)斷章取義。這個(gè)誤區(qū)實(shí)際是第一個(gè)誤區(qū)的延伸，就是同學(xué)對(duì)文章缺乏大局觀，僅僅根據(jù)本段來(lái)理解本段。比如這樣一篇文章，后面有道題問(wèn)的是段落主旨。我們把其他段的大意翻譯出來(lái)，只留下一二兩段：1、One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in

56、 a sea of technology rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will changes the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on c

57、hilds play.2、Each of us has a place in nature we go sometime, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. If the decline in parks use continues across

58、North America, who will defend parks against encroachment（蠶食）? asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.3. 接近自然好處多。4. 不是孩子的錯(cuò)。5. 每個(gè)人都有責(zé)任來(lái)讓孩子重返自然。題目：The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that_A. kids are missing the sense of wonder outdoorsB. parks are in danger of being gradually encroachedC. R

59、ichard Louv is the author of Last Child in the woodsD. children are expected to develop into protector of nature這個(gè)題目正確答案是D，而很多考生誤選了A。糾其原因，就是根據(jù)本段理解本段，沒(méi)能體會(huì)這個(gè)段落在文章中的作用。這篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰，先講了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象（孩子脫離自然），然后表明了自己的態(tài)度，最后提出解決方案。好了，文章很明顯的是，第一段講了現(xiàn)象，第三段講了態(tài)度，第4、5段講解決方案。那問(wèn)題就出來(lái)了，第二段它要干嗎，是做為第一段的延續(xù)把這個(gè)現(xiàn)象更一步描述呢，還是表明了作者的態(tài)度，并引出

60、了第三段的闡述？這樣就能看出第2段文章的主旨了，它不是在描述現(xiàn)象，它是在講作者的態(tài)度，表明了作者對(duì)孩子脫離自然后果的擔(dān)憂(yōu)；四個(gè)選項(xiàng)就只有D是最合適的，表明了作者的態(tài)度，孩子們應(yīng)該要成長(zhǎng)成為大自然的保護(hù)者。第三個(gè)誤區(qū)，深究生詞和難句。高考考綱規(guī)定高考閱讀中超綱詞可占35，同學(xué)們背綱內(nèi)詞也會(huì)有盲點(diǎn)，在加上英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中有很多抽象的詞匯不好理解，我們?cè)诳荚囍杏龅讲焕斫獾脑~的情況時(shí)有發(fā)生。有些詞不影響我們對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握，細(xì)節(jié)題也沒(méi)有考到，這樣的詞可以勇敢的跳過(guò)，在考場(chǎng)上沒(méi)必要花時(shí)間去仔細(xì)琢磨。句子也是一樣，我們關(guān)注的只是跟主旨相關(guān)的，以及后面題目考到的那些句子。于是就有這樣一種情況，這個(gè)詞這個(gè)句子考到了我

61、又不理解那怎么辦。那就根據(jù)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)即可。第四個(gè)誤區(qū)：選好了就不能再改，一改就會(huì)錯(cuò)。 做完一篇閱讀后，必須花半分鐘左右檢查一下，看是否勾錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)，是否自己選的選項(xiàng)本身就是矛盾的，是否每個(gè)答案都能在文中找到了映射等等。 如果感覺(jué)有一道題目自己第一遍做錯(cuò)了，檢查后想改，怎么辦呢？很簡(jiǎn)單：對(duì)比兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)間的映射，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)映射的觀點(diǎn)在文中表達(dá)得更清晰（比如，選項(xiàng)就是文中某一觀點(diǎn)的另一種說(shuō)法），哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的結(jié)論更合乎作者的思維和推理方式，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容更接近主題中心而不是針對(duì)某一細(xì)節(jié)，那就應(yīng)該選哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)。 事實(shí)上，避免不敢對(duì)已經(jīng)做了的選擇的答案進(jìn)行修改的最有效的方法，是在第一遍做題的時(shí)候就仔細(xì)分析選項(xiàng)在文章

62、中的映射。沒(méi)有完全把握的題目可以放一放，等做完其它小題時(shí)你對(duì)全文已經(jīng)有了全局的把握，再回頭思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題，可能更容易做出選擇。第五個(gè)誤區(qū)：先讀文章，然后才做題。 考場(chǎng)上分秒必爭(zhēng)，但一篇三四百字的文章考的問(wèn)題往往只有5個(gè)，很多信息是多余的，過(guò)兩眼就行；而有的一個(gè)單詞卻牽連數(shù)個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就得研究上下文，找出對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞，然后參考題目認(rèn)真加以分析。 從經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，做閱讀理解題時(shí)，基本要用十幾秒時(shí)間迅速瀏覽，弄清文章的主題是什么，比如環(huán)境保護(hù)、求職、醫(yī)療等等。再找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后用一分鐘讀文章后的題目，了解問(wèn)題是什么。有了文章的關(guān)鍵詞，又知道了提問(wèn)的主要問(wèn)題，再回過(guò)頭讀文章時(shí)效率就比較高了。 而在瀏覽完考題之后

63、，一定要細(xì)讀文章，對(duì)題目涉及到的段落、句子做簡(jiǎn)單標(biāo)記，接著要仔細(xì)分析每個(gè)題目在文中的映射，再做出選擇。最后，可以結(jié)合文章中心上下檢查一遍，一個(gè)完整的解題順序就完成了。 做閱讀理解是慢功出細(xì)活，不要妄想有什么捷徑，只要闖過(guò)這幾大誤區(qū)，就能取得更好的成績(jī)。 高考閱讀的基本解題思路：第一，掃描提干，劃關(guān)鍵項(xiàng)。第二， 通讀全文，抓住中心。1. 通讀全文，抓兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)：首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出題）；其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略讀，有重點(diǎn)的讀）2. 抓住中心，用一分半時(shí)間思考3個(gè)問(wèn)題：文章敘述的主要內(nèi)容是什么？文章中有無(wú)提到核心概念？作者的大致態(tài)度是什么？第三，仔細(xì)審題，返回原文

64、。（仔細(xì)看題干，把每道題和原文的某處建立聯(lián)系，掛起鉤）定位原則：通常是由題干出發(fā)，使用尋找關(guān)鍵詞定位原則。（關(guān)鍵詞：大寫(xiě)字母、地名、時(shí)間、數(shù)字等）自然段定位原則。出題的順序與行文的順序是基本一致的，一般每段對(duì)應(yīng)一題。要樹(shù)立定位意識(shí)，每一題、每一選項(xiàng)都要回到原文中某一處定位。第四，重疊選項(xiàng)，得出答案。（重疊原文=對(duì)照原文）1. 通過(guò)題干返回原文：判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，把選項(xiàng)定位到原文的某處比較，重疊選項(xiàng)，選出答案。2.作題練習(xí)要求：要有選一個(gè)答案的理由和其余三個(gè)不選的理由閱讀理解的解題技巧1.例證題 ： 例證題的標(biāo)記。當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 時(shí)。 返回原文，找出該例證所在的位置，既給該例子定位。 搜索該例證周?chē)膮^(qū)域，90%向上，10%向下，找出該例證支持的觀點(diǎn)。例子周?chē)哂懈爬ǔ橄笮缘谋磉_(dá)通常就是它的