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1、專(zhuān)題五數(shù)詞和主謂一致-2-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四一二一、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為兩種:基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)目)和序數(shù)詞(表示順序)。1.dozen(一打,十二),score(二十)與具體數(shù)詞或與many,several 等連用時(shí),后不加-s,所修飾的名詞前介詞of有無(wú)均可。但是習(xí)慣上score多與of連用,而dozen很少與of連用。如:two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋,many dozen pencils好多打鉛筆;two score of eggs 40個(gè)雞蛋;three score of people 60個(gè)人。dozen,score的復(fù)數(shù)形式后接of時(shí),表示“許多”。如:dozens of eg

2、gs幾十個(gè)雞蛋,scores of pencils幾十支鉛筆。2.當(dāng)所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these,those,my,your等或是修飾人稱(chēng)代詞賓格them,us,you時(shí),這時(shí)需要加of。如:two dozen of these pens,three score of them。-3-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,若分子大于1,則分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如:one-fourth(a quarter) 1/4;two-fifths 2/5。(2016全國(guó)乙)Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of

3、Obamas family.三分之二的人認(rèn)為會(huì)有更多的家庭模仿奧巴馬家庭的做法。-4-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四表示某人的確切年齡,用“基數(shù)詞+year(s) old”或者“at the age of+基數(shù)詞”,也可直接用基數(shù)詞;表示某人幾十多歲時(shí),用“in ones+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)(如twenties,thirties等)”來(lái)表達(dá)。She is still in her twenties.她才二十幾歲。-5-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四表示“幾十年代”時(shí),在年份后加-s或-s。(2016全國(guó)乙)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn

4、t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.在20世紀(jì)60年代,我們都有點(diǎn)不安分,想盡快離家或離家遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)來(lái)證明自己能夠自立。-6-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七二、主謂一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。在判定一個(gè)句子主謂是否一致時(shí),要遵循下列三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z(yǔ)法一致”也就是從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致,即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來(lái)處理主謂語(yǔ)

5、一致問(wèn)題。主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依意義而定,也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆笔侵钢^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。-7-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.主語(yǔ)為表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、書(shū)名等整體概念的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。Ten miles is not a long way for me.十英里對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不是很長(zhǎng)的距離。2.由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),前面由不定代詞every/each/no修飾時(shí)。Each boy and(each) girl has an apple.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。-8-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考

6、點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七3.and連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念,且兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞時(shí)。A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now.一位英語(yǔ)老師兼班主任現(xiàn)在正告訴我們關(guān)于義工們的一些情況。4.“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800.出席會(huì)議的教授人數(shù)是1800人。5.動(dòng)詞-ing(短語(yǔ))、不定式、從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。What the te

7、acher of the science class does and says is of great importance to the students at college.理科老師做的事和說(shuō)的話對(duì)學(xué)院里的學(xué)生很重要。-9-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七6.“more than one+單數(shù)名詞”和“many a+單數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。More than one student has gone to Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生去了北京。Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won fi

8、rst prize of a weekend for two in Paris.Delete it!Its a trick.Many a person has been cheated by such tricks.嘿,我手機(jī)上有一條短信,告訴我我已獲得巴黎周末雙人游的一等獎(jiǎng)。刪掉吧。那是個(gè)騙局。許多人被這樣的短信騙過(guò)。7.“the+形容詞”做主語(yǔ),表示一類(lèi)抽象的事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The new is sure to replace the old.新生事物一定會(huì)取代舊的事物。-10-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.有些集合名詞如:clothes,cattle,fo

9、lk,people,police 等做主語(yǔ),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The police are searching for the murderer.警方正在搜尋兇手。2.“the+形容詞/分詞”做主語(yǔ),表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The old are living a happy life now.老人們現(xiàn)在生活幸福。3.由and或both.and.連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.這家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。-11-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考

10、點(diǎn)七1.集合名詞如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果側(cè)重其成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The family which is not big like watching football games.這個(gè)家庭不大,全家人喜歡看足球比賽。-12-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七2.主語(yǔ)是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等時(shí),視其表達(dá)的意

11、義而判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Every means has been tried,but none proved successful.每個(gè)辦法都嘗試過(guò)了,但沒(méi)有一個(gè)是成功的。Many means have not come into effect.許多方法都沒(méi)生效。3.代詞none,neither,all以及what引導(dǎo)的從句等做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。(2014湖南)All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the g

12、rowing seasons of the year.我們所需要的就是一小塊土地,在這兒我們可以在一年的生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)種植各種各樣的果樹(shù)。What they have are 200 computers.他們擁有的就是二百臺(tái)電腦。-13-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七4.population表示“人口”,即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目,它做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),population是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民,它做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The population of Canada is about 36 million.加拿大的人口數(shù)大約是3

13、600萬(wàn)。Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers.那個(gè)國(guó)家80%的人口是農(nóng)民。-14-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.有時(shí)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間插入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),該短語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不產(chǎn)生影響。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.森林火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)不能輕視。2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as muc

14、h as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including 等連接的單詞(詞組)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與它們前面的主語(yǔ)取得一致。Newspapers,as well as magazines,play an important role in daily communication.報(bào)紙,還有雜志,在我們的日常交流中起到了重要的作用。-15-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.由“some,plenty,a lot,lots,most,the rest,all,half,part或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+o

15、f+名詞”等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如果of后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。About one third of the books are well worth reading.大約三分之一的書(shū)非常值得閱讀。(201610浙江)Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who havent worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one da

16、y a week working from home.那些就遠(yuǎn)程辦公參與調(diào)查者中有64%的人寧愿放棄獎(jiǎng)金,就是為了得到一周一天在家辦公的機(jī)會(huì)。-16-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七2.由“a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of”和“名詞+of this kind”等相同用法的詞還有type,sort,part,piece,section,pair等。構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。This kind of animals is dangerous.Animals of this kind are dangerous.這種

17、動(dòng)物很危險(xiǎn)。-17-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七3.“a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！發(fā)arge amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。“l(fā)arge quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。“a good/great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.大量資金投放到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?chǎng)上。One survey shows that lar

18、ge quantities of water are wasted every year in China,and that one third is available to be saved.調(diào)查表明在中國(guó)大量的水被浪費(fèi)了,其中的三分之一是能節(jié)省下來(lái)的。-18-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also.等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和與它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies.不但他的

19、家人而且連他也喜歡卓別林的電影。Are either you or your brother going to the party?要么你或是你的兄弟要去參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎?2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。There are some envelopes and paper for you.這里有一些信封和紙張給你。-19-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.在定語(yǔ)從句里,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Those who have seen the film please put up you

20、r hands.看過(guò)這部電影的請(qǐng)舉手。2.“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad.湯姆是出過(guò)國(guó)的男孩之一。3.“the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.他是唯一一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的學(xué)生。-20-.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2016江蘇改編)Even chimp mothers regularly decli

21、ne to share food with their children,who are(be) able from a young age to gather their own food.2.(2016江蘇改編)The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is(be) greater than the fall in poor areas.解析:該句的主語(yǔ)是先行詞chimp mothers,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用復(fù)數(shù)形式,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填are。解析:該句的主語(yǔ)不是空前的countries,而是the total ri

22、se,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,故用is。-21-3.(2016全國(guó)丙改編)Visiting an apple event is(be) a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.4.(2016全國(guó)丙改編)One of the very best varieties for eating quality is(be) Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it.解析:本句的主語(yǔ)是Visitin

23、g.短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,故填is。解析:“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,故填is。-22-5.(2016全國(guó)甲改編)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.6.(2015湖南改編)It is important to remember that success is(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.解析:此句的主語(yǔ)為L(zhǎng)eaving.,動(dòng)

24、詞-ing短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,故填is。解析:句意:成功是每天一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小的努力的總和,而且往往要花幾年時(shí)間才能達(dá)到,記住這點(diǎn)很重要。remember后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,success充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)且為單數(shù)形式,又因本句話陳述的內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí),因此其后的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be和take都應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。-23-7.Mr.Black,as well as the professor who comes(come) from Beijing University, is(be) to attend our school meeting.8.The truth is that the passer

25、s-by,rather than the driver, are to blame(blame) for the terrible accident.解析:第一空考查定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致,who做主語(yǔ),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞一致,the professor是單數(shù),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);第二空謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是Mr.Black,as well as連接的單詞,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其前面的主語(yǔ)一致。故用單數(shù)。解析:句意:事實(shí)真相是過(guò)路人而不是司機(jī)對(duì)這次可怕的事故負(fù)責(zé)。題干中的主語(yǔ)是passers-by“過(guò)路人”,為復(fù)數(shù)形式;盡管后面加了rather than短語(yǔ),句子謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)與最前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。be to

26、blame是個(gè)習(xí)慣用法,主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。-24-9.Moments of failure are(be) unavoidable,but most of us abandon the goal entirely when slight failures and setbacks start piling up.10.The New York Times is (be) widely accepted in America.解析:該句的主語(yǔ)是moments,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用復(fù)數(shù)形式,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填are。解析:句意:紐約時(shí)報(bào)在美國(guó)被廣泛接受。題干中的主語(yǔ)是一種報(bào)紙名稱(chēng),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單

27、數(shù)形式。-25-11.This kind of operation is known(know) as a robotic operation.12.Almost all international conferences and competitions are conducted(conduct) in English.解析:主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,且與know之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填is known。解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格前是主語(yǔ)部分,所填詞為謂語(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)與conduct之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);根據(jù)句意可知句子說(shuō)的是一般事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。因此答案是are conducted

28、。-26-13.Acquiring the wisdom to make wise choices is (be) the lasting challenge of being human.14.(2013江蘇改編)Generally,students inner motivation with high expectations from others is(be) essential to their development.解析:該句是acquiring短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式,故填is。解析:主語(yǔ)為motivation,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及generally可

29、知,描述的為一般情況,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用is。-27-15.(2012安徽改編)Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, keeps(keep) some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.16.(2013福建改編)The famous musician,as well as his students, was invited(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2

30、012 Taipei Flower Expo.解析:句意:沃爾瑪,美國(guó)最大的連鎖超市之一,讓它的一些分店從周一到周六,一天24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)。由句意可知,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);Walmart做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。解析:句意:這位著名的音樂(lè)家和他的學(xué)生被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)?012臺(tái)北花博會(huì)的開(kāi)幕式上表演。as well as連接兩個(gè)并列的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)其前的名詞來(lái)判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式且根據(jù)句意可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去,故填was invited。-28-17.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which were(be) sav

31、ed for other purposes.18.Is everyone here?Not yet.Look!There come(come) the rest of our guests!解析:the rest指代的是前面的materials,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。解析:表示地點(diǎn)、方位等的副詞放于句首句子要用倒裝形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和后面的our guests一致,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。-29-19.The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggests(suggest) that we may need a nationwi

32、de campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.20.He is the only one of the students who has been(be) a winner of scholarship for three years.解析:主語(yǔ)是the fact,that so many people still smoke in public places是同位語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和the fact保持一致,故用單數(shù)形式。解析:“the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。從句意及后面

33、的for three years可知,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故填has been。-30-.完成句子(每空一詞)1.桌子上有兩本書(shū)和一本詞典。There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.2.做這項(xiàng)工作四十分鐘足夠了。Forty minutes is enough for the work.3.瑪麗的眼鏡破了。Marys glasses are broken.4.學(xué)生們和老師都被他的演講打動(dòng)了。The students as well as the teacher were/are moved by his speech.5.這里工廠大約有300個(gè)工人。The number of the workers of this factory is about 300.