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1、英語寫作指導及練習 一、了解高分作文的特點 　　要想作文獲得高分，必須了解高分作文具有的特點，才有助于我們朝之而努力。高分作文一般具有以下特點： 　　1、書寫工整，書面整潔，很少有涂改痕跡。 　　2、分段合理。全文分段一般不止一個自然段，讓閱卷老師很容易就能找到作文所要求寫的要點和重要句子。 　　3、要點齊全，不缺要點。 　　4、首尾呼應，自然成一體。 　　5、使用了大量的高級詞匯和句型。閱卷老師一看就知道這個同學的功底非不一般，自然就給打高分了。 　　6、開頭言簡意賅，不啰嗦，不偏題，迅速引入主題。 　　7、段與段之間，自然過渡。有合適的連接詞。 　　8、句與句之間，有恰

2、當的連接詞，使之自然成一體。 　　9、全文中同一個意思，基本沒有重復使用某一個詞、短語或者句型等，說明這個同學的詞匯量不同尋常。老師自然就對該作文有好感了。 　　10、能夠恰當使用諺語、格言等給文章添彩。 　　二、勤積累，巧準備 　　要想作文得高分，除了了解以上的特點外，還要在平時的學習中注意一下方面： 　　1、牢記課標詞匯是基礎 　　一篇作文多數是由積極詞匯寫出來的，這些詞匯主要來源于課標。因此，牢記課標詞匯是寫好作文的基礎。 　　2、掌握課標詞匯和短語的用法 　　要想作文不扣分或者少扣分，有個要求是作文的語病少。怎么能夠減少語病呢?這就要求我們在平時的學習過程中反復通過練習

3、，掌握課標詞匯和短語等的用法。例如，對于as soon as、stopsome body from doing something、other、another等的用法很多學生就經常出錯。 　　3、高度重視同一個意思的多種表達方式 　　高分作文有個特點是：讓老師發(fā)現你擁有豐富的詞匯量，你的水平高人一籌。這由何而來?靠我們在平時學習過程中，逐步積累起來的。比如：今年的中考作文，談的就是幫助他人的問題。同一個意思“幫助”，假如你就用一個動詞“help”，豈不顯得你詞匯貧乏?假如你在作文中不斷地變換方式，用help、give somebody a hand、give a hand to someb

4、ody、be in need of等以表達“幫助”同一個意思，豈不更好呢? 　　像這樣的例子很多，比如：大家都覺得很簡單又很基礎的“表示姓名的方式”就有My name is Jim.I’m Jim.I’m called/named Jim.I’m a boy called/named/with the name of Jim.等等。 　　表達年齡的方式有：She is 12.She is 12 years old.She is aged 12.She is a girl of 12(years old)。She is a girl aged 12.等等。 　 很顯然，使用高級一點的更好

5、。 　　4、加強練習，積累經驗 　　學習語言最好的方法是運用，作文也不例外。我們要想作文得高分，必須經常練習，才能提高水平。 　　5、充分利用作文范文 　　很多資料書上都有作文范文。誠然，他們有很多值得借鑒的地方。 　　我們怎么利用它們呢?首先，我們先不要看文章，自己先思考一下：假如你來寫，你會怎么去寫，會用到哪些詞或者句子等。然后去比較，勾出其中的好詞佳句，并且把它摘錄在專門的作文冊子上。供寫作時選用。 　　另外，背一些范文也是很有必要的。 　　6、背誦一些諺語和警句 　　作文中如果出現恰當的諺語和警句，會有錦上添花的效果。 　　三、精心審題，沉著寫初稿 　　很多同學看到

6、作文后，下筆就寫。這是不對的。一則很容易寫偏題、寫出病句，涂改后書面又不整潔，影響得分。 　　其實，會寫作文的同學都知道，審題非常的重要，可以防止很多毛病，提高得分。那么我們審題要做些什么呢? 　　審題主要要做一下事情： 　　1、審人稱、時態(tài)、體裁等 　　審題時，要求我們要弄清楚這篇文章主要使用的人稱是第幾人稱，什么時態(tài)、什么體裁。這些問題解決后至少不會犯很嚴重的錯誤：全文皆錯。例如，如果一篇文章，本來應該一般過去時，你的每句話卻用了一般現在時態(tài)。你想想，那還能得高分嗎? 　　2、明確必須表達的要點 　　高分作文有個特點是要點齊全。如果漏掉一個要點，則要扣分。因此我們必須認真細讀其

7、要求，把必須表達的要點勾出來。保證不漏掉任何一個要點。 　　3、羅列出可能會用到的短語、句型，確定好使用哪個? 　　4、確定好如何分段 　　就是要確定好，將哪些要點放在一個自然段里面，首段、尾段打算寫哪些? 英語寫作檢查的原則： （1）內容要點：缺少一個內容要點，文章直接降到第三檔 （2）語法錯誤：動詞三單形式，時態(tài)，語態(tài)，單復數，主謂一致，冠詞等 （3）變換句式：過于簡單的結構要試著變化，從句，固定句型的正確使用。 (4) 拼寫：單詞的拼寫、大小寫和標點符號，卷面的整潔。 寫作練習：（人物篇） 寫人作文是中考的熱門題材之一， 寫這類作文時要注意以下幾點： 1. 描

8、寫人物時，不能面面俱到，泛泛而寫，要重點突出其鮮明特征，以表現與其他人物的不同之處。 2. 敘述與人物有關的事情時，要分清主次，前后照應，選取典型事例來刻畫人物。 3. 描寫人物時，一般在結尾處要對人物進行評價，抒發(fā)自己對人物的情感。 基本框架 人物 Part 1 外貌 性格 時間 Part 2 過程 事件 結果 Part 3

9、感受 寫作評分標準及進步方向： 內容要點 應用詞匯: 高級詞匯的合理使用（energetic, intelligence）、同義詞的變化使用(以like\beautiful為例)、短語的恰當使用(come up with) 語法結構的準確性：適當運用較復雜的語法，固定句式（感嘆句、強調句、倒裝句等）、定語從句、狀語從句、現在分詞短語、動詞不定式等。 Taps must be turned off after being used. 上下文的連貫性： 連接詞、非謂語動詞等結構。First of all , in a word等 連接詞匯總： 1. 表示目的：for this p

10、urpose，for this reason，so that，in order that，so as to，in order to… 2. 表示對照：but，however，yet，on the other hand，on the contrary… 3. 表示結果：so，thus，therefore，as a result 4. 表示因果：because，since，as, for， because of …, owing to 5. 表示強調：indeed，in fact，as a matter of fact 6. 表示并列觀點：firstly, secondly, thi

11、rdly, finally, first of all, also，and，in addition，besides，what’s more，moreover…, last but not least, what’s worse 7. 表示解釋和說明：for example， for instance… 8. 表示比較：like，just like，just as，in the same way，similarly… 9. 表示總結：finally，at last，in short，in a word 10. 表示讓步：although，though， even though，no ma

12、tter wh— 建議記誦的話題詞匯和短語： 11. 關系：father, parents , grandfather ,uncle ,aunt ,schoolmate, monitor等，cousin比較加分哦 12. 職業(yè)：teacher, doctor, nurse, dentist, cook, artist, scientist, soldier, manager, businessman, journalist等 13. 外貌性格：pretty , good-looking, short , tall, lovely, adorable, naughty, smart ,

13、wise, diligent, lazy, humorous, attractive, funny, outgoing, serious, quiet. warm-hearted, patient，strong-minded, hard-working等(介紹外貌時候可用上定語從句，開篇就亮點) 14. 年齡： a twenty-year-old man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 10, during his childhood, middle-aged , in his forties 等 15. 興趣愛好： enjoy doing, like to

14、do /doing, be fond of, be crazy about, be interested in , prefer to do/doing 16. 評價： be popular with , be respected by, be honored as, be considered ad, be famous for, be regarded as, set a good example等。 句子： 1. He shows great enthusiasm in pursuing knowledge. 2. She is a ordinary-looking girl

15、 with short hair. 3. Not only does she .. but also… 4. He sets us a good example. 5. I’ll never forget the day when… 6. I’m so proud that I have such a good friend. 7. He is considered as an honest, humorous teacher and he is respected and loved by the students and other teachers. 8. Owing to

16、 his patient guide and my effort , I learned quite well at the end. 9. Without his help, I would have… 10. It was because of their help and encouragement that I could get the best result. 11. She has a great sense of humorous. 12. She always comforts me when I get into trouble. 13. I’m very gr

17、ateful to him for all that he has done for me. 14. During the process of my growth, there are lots of people I want to thank, but the person I want to thank most is… 15. I want to thank sb. from the bottom of my heart. (1) 　　時光匆匆，不知不覺中，同學們的初中生活即將結束，你們有一個懵懂的孩童成長為有知識有理想的少年。在你們成長的歷程中，滲透了父母的心血，充滿了師

18、長的關愛，得到了朋友的幫助，請以My_______________為題，寫一篇短文，描述你心中最重要的人或最令你難忘的人。 　　要求：1. 把題目補充完整。 　　 2. 文中不得出現真實的人名和校名。 　　 3. 詞數在60 - 80之間。 　　 4. 內容要齊全，包括以下幾點： 　　Who is the person in your heart? 　　Why is the person so important in your heart? 　　What will you learn from the person in the future? 參考范文： 　　My

19、father is a hero in my heart. Although he has been away for many years, he still lives in my heart now. 　　As a father of the five children, he knew his duty. When I was a little girl, I thought my father never knew tired. He always worked and worked. He was a man of great strength both physically a

20、nd in the mind. 　　My father not only worked hard to support the whole family, but also looked after my ailing(多病的) mother. Day and night, he struggled for years with mother's disease. At last, my mother recovered because of my father's love and help. However, my father, a man who was great and gent

21、leness, fell down. I lost my hero. He was too tired. He slept for ever. 　　A few years has passed, but I think my father never left me. He always smiles at me and lives in my heart. I know I have my father's love. It gives me courage to do anything, to face any difficulties in my life. 　　From him,

22、I will learn to stand up straightly, to be proud of who I am! 2. A Real Friend 　　提示：朋友，是思想上值得依賴，情感上可以依托，學習上能得到幫助，生活上給予關照的人。請寫一、兩件事情來講述你和朋友之間真摯的友情。 　　要求：1、請根據所給題目，用英語寫一篇短文，詞數不少于60個； 　　 2、語言流暢、書寫規(guī)范、卷面整潔； 　　 3、文中不得使用你的真實姓名、校名，否則以零分計； 　　 4、短文必須寫在答題卡上，如在本卷作答，一律不得分。 參考范文： A Real Friend 　　Ever

23、yone needs friends. Friendship plays an important role in our lives. Friends can encourage us to be better and share our hopes and dreams. Amy is a real friend like this. 　　When I became a middle school student, I don't do well in English or math. I fell behind others. I was worried and upset. At t

24、hat time, Amy often lent me her notebooks and came to my house to help me after school. When I wanted to give up, she always encouraged me to hold on, Thanks to Amy, a month later I caught up with others. Now both of us are in Grade 9, we have the same dreams - to be a student in a good university.

25、I think we can achieve our dreams. 　　A friend in need is a friend indeed. Amy is such a good friend. 記誦詞組 1. suffer from 遭受, 忍受 2. thanks to 多虧了 3. get/be used to sth./doing sth. 習慣于 4. be absorbed in 專心于，全神貫注于 5. concentrate on sth. 專注于 6. share your happiness and sadness with sb. 和某人分享你的快樂

26、和痛苦 7. pursue knowledge 追求知識 8. be in trouble 處于困境中，遇到麻煩 9. depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事 10. to be honest 老實說 11. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 12. be popular with sb. 受到某人的歡迎 13. strengthen our friendship 增進我們的友誼 promote our friendship 14. benefit a lot from sth. 從……中受益良多 15. speak

27、 highly of sb. 對某人評價高 16. get along well with sb. 和某人相處得好 17. put one’s heart into sth. 用心對待某事 18. make progress 取得進步 19. have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困難 20. come true 實現 21. realize/achieve one’s dream 實現某人的夢想 22. enjoy doing sth. like to do sth. / like doing sth. be fond of sth. / doin

28、g sth. be crazy about sth. / doing sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 23. is of great help for sb. 對某人有很大的幫助= very helpful lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣 寫作練習：（敘事篇） 1.力求簡潔，闡明核心人物和事件，無需過多細節(jié)——刪 2.連詞必須有，按照時間順序在句子之間加上承接或轉折的詞或詞組，保持敘事連貫，沒有不相干的內容——增 3.注意句式多樣化，用so…that, not…until, which, unless或者倒裝、狀語前置、

29、分詞、從句等等方式，讓行文豐富起來——改 4.注意時態(tài)，敘事多為一般過去時——查 寫作練習：（保護環(huán)境篇） As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. In some places we can't see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Bird there is less and less fresh water in the world.Some people even have no clean w

30、ater to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment. But what can we do? How to protect our environment? For example, we can go toschool on foot or by bike instead of taking a car. We had better use shopping basketbets instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. We should use

31、both sides of the paper when we write. Do't use paper cups.At our school dinning room, use our own bowls and chopsticks instead of disposable ones. We can reuse the water and save the electricity.In a word, ifeveryone pays more attention to our environment, there will be less pollution and our life

32、will be better."There is only one earth", I hope everyone will protect our environment well. 寫作練習：（旅游景點篇） 二、介紹地點?。糜蔚龋? 詞 名詞：Canada, France, Japan, the United States. Australia, Singapore, the United Kingdom, country, Sydney, New York, Paris, Toronto, Tokyo, language, Japanese, world, French, off

33、ice, post office, library, restaurant, bank, street, pay phone, avenue, center, bridge, neighborhood, garden, district, tour, place, way, taxi, airport, map, shop, hospital, station, direction, New York City, guide, center, corner, the Great Wall, the Palace Museum, Tian’an Men Square, Hutong, cultu

34、re, bicycle, subway, car, train, bus stop, train station, minute, kilometer, mile, river, town, theater, cinema, radio station, screen, jeans, service, clothing store, train, subway, on vacation, the capital of, history, colorful history, space museum, amusement park, zoo, water park, tour guide, to

35、urist, island, 動詞：visit, arrive, take, visit, think of, take a taxi, turn left, take photos, worry, get to, be close to, think about, do a survey, travel, take the train, live in, fall in love with, be in style, be welcomed by, take a ride, consider, translate, provide, sail, continue, take it e

36、asy, provide sb. with sth, offer sb. sth, be willing to…, dream of…, hold on to… 形容詞：international, west, fantastic, awful, delicious, expensive, crowded, cheap, quick, early, trendy, comfortable, easy, worse, worst, loud, lovely, cheap, dull, huge, famous, wonderful, foreign, natural, strange, bea

37、utiful, relaxing, fun, dangerous, interesting, boring, exciting, tiring, peaceful, lively, crowded, expensive, hot 句 There is a supermarket. It’s on Center Street. It’s across from the bank. It’s next to the post office. It’s between the restaurant and the supermarket. Have a good trip. Have

38、 a good time. Showtime cinema is the cheapest. Gold theatre has the most comfortable seats. The most popular clothes store is Jason’s . It has the best quality clothing. As for radio stations, most people think that Jazz 107.9 FM is really great. We did a survey of our readers and this what we

39、 learned. I love places where the people are friendly. I hope to see/visit…one day/some day. I’d like to go somewhere relaxing/interesting…. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting…? It has…/ doesn’t have… We can do lots of outdoor activities. It is convenient to … 亮點提升: 1. 詞組

40、 計劃及希望：will do, be going to do, want to do, plan to do, decide to do, make up one’s mind to do…, would like to do, be about to do, hope to do, hope +從句 喜好及興趣：like / enjoy doing, be fond of doing, be keen on doing, prefer to do, be interested in sth /doing sth., be impressed by, 其他活動：spend time d

41、oing, can’t help doing, suit sb. just fine, look forward to sth/doing sth. relax oneself, experience the life, 介紹方位：south, north, west, east, in front of, between, opposite, next to, across from, near… 2. 句型從句 too…to, so that, not only…but also…, why not, make sb. adj., that/which/who 3. 非謂語結構：

42、It’s +adj. for sb. to do, doing sth is… e.g. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Beijing? Bird Nest, which was built for the 2008 Olympic games, is the largest stadium in Beijing Beijing, the capital of China, is famous for its long history and splendid culture. Beijing duck (snac

43、ks) is one of the most delicious foods, which you should never miss. Beijing is a lovely place where the people are friendly and warm-hearted. Only when you come yourself, can you experience its charm. 文 2 2008 四川自貢中考作文 北京將迎來2008年的奧運會，請以主人的身份向外國朋友介紹一下北京和北京幾個著名的景點。根據以下提示寫一篇短文。 1. 北京是一個歷史

44、悠久的城市； 2. 北京有許多名勝古跡； 3. 紫禁城是最受來賓歡迎的景點之一； 4. 故宮非常漂亮和著名； 5. 長城也是非常美麗可去一看的地方； 6. 天安門廣場是一個好去處，可去漫步； 注意：1. 詞數80左右。 2. 請不要逐字翻譯，可適當添加細節(jié)，使行文連貫、意思完整、符合邏輯。 3. 參考詞匯：紫禁城 the Forbidden City, 故宮 the Imperial Palace, 天安門廣場 Tian’anmen Square 優(yōu)秀范文： As the 29th Olympic Games is just around the c

45、orner, more and more foreigners are coming to Beijing. In order to help them know more about it, I am glad to say something about our great capital. Beijing is a large city with a long history. There are many places of interest in Beijing, such as the Forbidden City, the Imperial Palace, Tian’anmen

46、 Square, the Great Wall and so on. The Forbidden City is one of the most favorite places where our foreign friends like to go. The Imperial Palace, which is beautiful and famous, is also a place worth visiting. You can see a lot of culture relics there. If you want to know more about the Great Wall,

47、 you will have to go there. As you know, there is a Chinese saying, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. ”Walking on the Tian’anmen Square, you will feel it is one of the greatest squares in the world. If you go there early in the morning, maybe you can see your national flag rising ceremony. I am sure you will have a great time in Beijing.