《2022年考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院考前模擬強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題54（附答案詳解）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2022年考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院考前模擬強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題54（附答案詳解）（21頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、2022年考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院考前模擬強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（附答案詳解） 1. 單選題 It is developing a service that will let you create all online identity that can （? ）various claims that it will back up. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.plunge B.assert C.exert D.insert 【答案】B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plunge“驟降；陷入”；B選項(xiàng)assert“維護(hù)，堅(jiān)持；斷言”；C選項(xiàng)exert“運(yùn)用

2、，發(fā)揮”；D選項(xiàng)insert“插入；嵌入”。句意：它正在開(kāi)發(fā)一項(xiàng)服務(wù)，可以讓你創(chuàng)建所有的在線身份，可以……各種聲明并將備份。由句意可知B選項(xiàng)更符合。 2. 單選題 That was a man-made disaster that clearly （? ）if the federal government, the Federal Emergency Management Agency,had quickly marshaled the political will and resources to evacuate those without access to cars,i

3、nstead of promoting on its Web site a faith-based charity that clearly no match for the problem. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.may have been averted B.could have been averted C.may have averted D.could have averted 【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)可以判斷本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，空格后為if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。當(dāng)條件句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬時(shí)，主句為would/co

4、uld/should/might+have done形式，排除A和C。主句的主語(yǔ)是disaster，與動(dòng)詞avert之間形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。 3. 單選題 An important consequence arises because the social security program is purely pay-as-you-go financed,（? ）most pension plans,at least in the private sector, are fully funded. Thus, greater contracting-out imp

5、lies greater prefunding of pension commitments. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.whereas B.because C.so that D.therefore 【答案】A 【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂熬湟猓荷鐣?huì)保障項(xiàng)目是量入為出提供資金的?？崭窈缶湟猓捍蠖鄶?shù)養(yǎng)老計(jì)劃是全額提供資金。兩句間形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A選項(xiàng)whereas表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。 4. 單選題 The police [A]had decided not to proceed with a prosecution

6、against Irwin, [B]clearly recognizing that it was highly unlikely that any jury in the land [C]would wish to punish him for doing something that doctors have long done in the final moments of a [D]patient’s or friend’s lives. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.had decided B.clearly recognizing C.would wish D.

7、patient’s or friend’s lives 【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞用法。D選項(xiàng)處a patient’s 和 a friend’s中間是or，因此后面的life為單數(shù)形式，應(yīng)把lives改為life。 5. 單選題 In the world of show business, for example, fame is apt to be breathtakingly（? ）, a year in the limelight followed by total obscurity. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.ephemeral B.

8、peripheral C.perpetual D.evanescent 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ephemeral“短暫的；朝生暮死的”；B選項(xiàng)peripheral“外圍的；次要的”；C選項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的；四季開(kāi)花的”；D選項(xiàng)evanescent“容易消散的；逐漸凋零的”。句意：例如，在演藝界，名聲往往是驚人地……，引人注目的一年之后，就完全默默無(wú)聞了。本句表示名聲時(shí)間段，應(yīng)該搭配“短暫的”更合適，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。 6. 翻譯題 Translate the following sentences into good Engl

9、ish. 1.兩千余年來(lái)，絲綢之路作為中西交通的大動(dòng)脈承載著中國(guó)與世界的交往、對(duì)話，彰顯著古代中國(guó)開(kāi)放的文化品格、不朽的文明成果。今天，“絲綢之路” 一詞早已超越其歷史含義，成為一種精神象征，為當(dāng)今世界的和平與發(fā)展提供了價(jià)值典范。 2.談到美國(guó)文學(xué)時(shí)，不能斷言它與歐洲文學(xué)截然不同。廣義上說(shuō)，美國(guó)和歐洲齊頭并進(jìn)。在任何時(shí)間，旅行者都會(huì)在兩地發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣風(fēng)格的建筑、相同式樣的服裝，書店出售相同的書籍。思想如同人和商品一樣會(huì)自由自在地跨越大西洋，盡管有時(shí)速度慢些。 3.當(dāng)人類逐漸了解自然，開(kāi)始向自然索取并慢慢發(fā)展到企圖征服自然，并愈演愈烈時(shí)，自然的和諧與平衡便遭到毀壞?；哪牡貐^(qū)出現(xiàn)了，災(zāi)難性的

10、洪水來(lái)臨了，連空氣和水質(zhì)也常受到污染，人類賴以生存的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)受到了破壞。 【答案】1.The Silk Road, as the traffic artery connecting China and the West, has borne the weight of dialogue and communication between China and the world, and has also demonstrated an open cultural character of ancient China and immortal civilization fo

11、r over two thousand years. Nowadays the word of the “Silk Road” has already exceeded its historical meaning, and become a spiritual symbol, providing a model of value for the peace and development of the present world. 2.To speak of American literature we can’t assert that it is entirely different

12、from European literature. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have advanced side by side. At any time, the traveler could find the same styles in architecture, the same patterns in dress, the same books on the bookshops in two different places. Thoughts can span the Atlantic Ocean as freely as men

13、and commodities, although sometimes the speed is slow. 3.Human beings began to ask for something from nature and even tried to conquer it as they knew more and more about it. As the situation intensified, the harmony and equilibrium of nature were rudely demolished. There have been desertified zone

14、 and catastrophic flood. Even air and water were often polluted. The environment which we depend on for a living was deteriorated. 7. 單選題 The concept of the patient [A]as first and foremost an individual will be replaced by a generic “patient” [B]who even more generic “quality of life” is de

15、termined not by individual qualities and relationships [C]but by a flow chart. Instead of dying [D]surrounded by friends and family, we will be surrounded by paper — and lawyers. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.as first and foremost B.who C.but by D.surrounded 【答案】B 【解析】考查關(guān)系詞用法。B選項(xiàng)處who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞pati

16、ent，但關(guān)系詞后又有名詞“quality of life”，因此關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的成分，應(yīng)把who改為whose。 8. 單選題 The Minister of Finance is believed （? ）of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.that he is to think B.to think C.that he is thinking D.to be thinking 【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，才

17、會(huì)使用it is believed that…的形式，因此排除A和C選項(xiàng)。句意：人們相信財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)正在考慮征收新稅以增加額外收入。由句意可知此處應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)to be thinking表示“正在考慮”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。 9. 單選題 But neither are people who believe in the UPO narratives irrational, much （? ）crazy, as they are sometimes depicted. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.more B.less C.as D.l

18、ike 【答案】B 【解析】考查語(yǔ)義。前面部分說(shuō)到“兩者都并非非理性的”，相應(yīng)的空格這部分的修飾詞也應(yīng)選擇否定意義。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)less符合要求，much less crazy“更不用說(shuō)瘋狂的”。 10. 單選題 The poor suffered the most in the calamity, and they are now experiencing the brutalizing effects of what the activist journalist Naomi Klein has rightly termed “disaster capi

19、talism”,as foreign corporations seek to profit from the reconstruction while the residents of the fishing villages that formerly occupied the area（? ）. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.are being forced to relocate B.is being forced to relocate C.are being forced to be relocated D.are forced to be reloca

20、ted 【答案】A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。While引導(dǎo)一個(gè)完整的句子，主語(yǔ)resident是復(fù)數(shù)，因此排除B選項(xiàng)。relocate“重新安置；遷移”，本句表明“居民被迫遷往他處”，因此relocate無(wú)須使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除C和D。主句使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，因此從句也表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。 11. 單選題 Especially serious, for the distortion they cause in the image of altruism, （? ）compensations in the form of soci

21、al advantages or of personal or group power, particularly accepted in countries like Spain or Italy. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.had been B.were C.is D.are 【答案】D 【解析】考查倒裝句。表語(yǔ)especially serious提前，主句的主語(yǔ)是compensations，為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，由從句部分可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。 12. 單選題 In addition, findings rev

22、eal that males receive more teacher attention than females, boys receive more specific comments about their academic performance, [A]that there are differences [B]favoring males in task assignment, in [C]teacher’s expectation of student’s behavior based on gender, as well as in such areas as overall

23、 curriculum design, classroom activities, and educational tracking (particularly in math, science, vocational courses, [D]and extracurricular activities). 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.that there are differences B.favoring males in C.teacher’s expectation of student’s behavior D.and extracurricular activ

24、ities 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配。表示某方面有區(qū)別時(shí)，應(yīng)使用there are differences in…，B和C選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)前少了一個(gè)in。 13. 單選題 Now power properly understood is（? ） the ability to achieve purpose. It is the strength required to bring about social, political, and economic change. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.nothing but B.any

25、thing but C.all but D.all 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代詞。第二句說(shuō)到“它是改變社會(huì)、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)所需要的一種力量”，這是對(duì)第一句的解釋，可知第一句中說(shuō)的“權(quán)力”無(wú)非是達(dá)到目的的一種能力。因此A選項(xiàng)nothing but“只不過(guò)，無(wú)非”符合題意。 14. 單選題 Alexander the Great’s conquests in the Eastern Mediterranean initiated a series of profound cultural transformations in the ancient cent

26、ers of urban civilization of the Fertile Crescent. The final destruction of native rule and the imposition of an alien elite culture instigated a cultural discourse—Hellenism—which irrevocably marked all participants, both conquerors and the conquered. This discourse was particularly characterized b

27、y a transformation of indigenous cultural traditions, necessitated by their need to negotiate their place in a new social order. As Bowerstock has argued, the process of Hellenization did not accomplish the wholesale replacement of indigenous cultural traditions with Greek civilization. Instead, it

28、provided a new cultural vocabulary through which much pre-existing cultural tradition was often able to find new expression. This phenomenon is especially intriguing as it relates to language and literacy. The ancient civilizations of the Syro-Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultural spheres were, of cour

29、se, literate, possessing indigenous literary traditions already of great antiquity at the time of the Macedonian conquests. The disenfranchisement of traditional elites by the imposition of Greek rule had the related effect of displacing many of the traditional social structures where in indigenous

30、literacy functioned and was taught—in particular, the institutions of the palace and the temple. A new language of power, Greek, replaced the traditional language of these institutions. This had the unavoidable effect of displacing the traditional writing systems associated with these indigenous lan

31、guages. Traditional literacy’s longstanding association with the centers of social and political authority began to be eroded. Naturally, the eclipse of traditional, indigenous literacy did not occur overnight. The decline of Cuneiform and Hieroglyphic literacies was a lengthy process. Nor was the

32、nature of their respective declines identical. Akkadian, the ancient language of Mesopotamian court and temple culture, vanished forever, along with cuneiform writing, in the first century CE. Egyptian lived on beyond the disappearance of hieroglyphic in the fourth century CE in the guise of Coptic,

33、 to succumb as a living, spoken language of daily social intercourse only after the Islamic conquest of Egypt. Even then, Coptic survives to this day as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church. This latter point draws attention to an aspect of the decline of these indigenous literacies

34、 worthy of note: it is in the sphere of religion that these literacies are often preserved longest, after they have been superseded in palace circles—the last dated cuneiform text we have is an astrological text; the last dated hieroglyphic text is a votive graffito. This should cause little surpris

35、e. The sphere of religion is generally one of the most conservative of cultural subsystems. The local need to negotiate the necessities of daily life and individual and collective identity embodied in traditional religious structures is slow to change and exists in ongoing dialogue with the more rea

36、dily changeable royal and /or state ideologies that bind various locales together in an institutional framework. The process of “Hellenization” of the ancient cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean provides us, then, with an opportunity to observe the on-going effect on traditional, indigenous liter

37、acy of the imposition of a new status language possessed of its own distinct writing system. The cultural politics of written and spoken language-use in such contexts has been much discussed and it is clear that the processes leading to the adoption of a new language—in written form, or spoken form,

38、 or both—in some cultural spheres and the retention of traditional languages in others are complex. Factors including the imposition of a new language from above, adoption of a new language of social prestige from below, as well as preservation of older idioms of traditional status in core cultural

39、institutions, must have affected different sectors of a conquered society in different fashions and at different rates. 1.The languages that have to some extent managed to survive Hellenization did so in what area? 2.Which aspect of society, according to the passage, is one of the most resistant t

40、o change? 3.In the first paragraph, you saw the underlined word disenfranchisement. Choose, among the following expressions, the closest in similar meaning（? ）. 4.Who was the leader of the Macedonian Conquest? 5.According to the passage, can the imposition of a foreign language and culture bring

41、about rapid change in all of the conquered people’s institutions? 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.In palace circles. B.In governmental institutions. C.In the religious sphere. D.In philological circles. 問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng) A.Monarchical institutions. B.Religious institutions. C.Linguistic norms. D.S

42、tate ideologies. 問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng) A.The removal of power, right and/or privilege. B.A strong sense of disappointment. C.The prohibition of the right to conduct business. D.The loss of social position. 問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng) A.King Philip of Macedon. B.Pericles of Athens. C.Alexander the Great

43、. D.The Ottoman Empire. 問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng) A.Yes,court life will change to remain functional, and it will affect all other institutions. B.No,apparently it affects different parts of society in different ways at different speeds. C.It isn’t clear from the passage, but it may happen quickly.

44、 D.Yes, the speed at which a society’s institutions are affected by a conquering power would be quite rapid. 【答案】第1題:C 第2題:B 第3題:A 第4題:C 第5題:B 【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段，提到“it is in the sphere of religion that these literacies are often preserved longest”，這些讀寫能力正是在宗教領(lǐng)域保持得最久，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

45、 第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第六句提到“Even then, Coptic survives to this day as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church”，即使這樣，科普特語(yǔ)至今仍是科普特東正教會(huì)的禮拜儀式語(yǔ)言，也就是宗教機(jī)構(gòu)最抗拒改變。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。 第3題:3.詞義題。詞語(yǔ)所在句表示“希臘的統(tǒng)治迫使傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)營(yíng)的公民權(quán)被剝奪”，下一句緊接著說(shuō)到，新的政權(quán)語(yǔ)言——希臘語(yǔ)取代了這些機(jī)構(gòu)的傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)言。因此disenfranchisement指的就是權(quán)利或特權(quán)的剝奪。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。 第4題:4.

46、判斷推理題。文章第一段說(shuō)到“Alexander the Great’s conquests in the Eastern Mediterranean initiated a series of profound cultural transformations”，說(shuō)明是亞歷山大大帝在征服地中海東部后發(fā)起了一系列深刻的文化變革。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。 第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章第三段說(shuō)到“Factors including the imposition of a new language…must have affected different sectors of a conquered

47、 society in different fashions and at different rates.”強(qiáng)迫接受一種新語(yǔ)言會(huì)以不同的方式、速度影響到被征服社會(huì)的不同部門。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。?? 15. 單選題 The train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward.（1）? ? ? ? ? ?.? A newly m

48、arried pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-colored hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at hi

49、s attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop. （2）? ? ? ? ? ? .? The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She continually twisted her he

50、ad to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class c

51、ountenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines. They were evidently very happy. "Ever been in a parlor-car before?" he asked, smiling with delight. "No," she answered; "I never was. It's fine, ain't it?" "Great! And then after a while we'll go forward to the dinner, and get a big

52、 lay-out. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar." "Oh, do they?" cried the bride. "Charge a dollar? Why, that's too much — for us — ain't it, Jack?" "Nor this trip, anyhow," he answered bravely. "We're going to go the whole thing." Later he explained to her about the trains. "You see, it's a t

53、housand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the shining

54、brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were frescos in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair, their surroundings ref

55、lected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio; this was the environment of their new estate; and the man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin

56、. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to them that they were being bullied. He subtly used all the manners of the most unconquerable kind of snobbery. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot tha

57、t infrequently a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive enjoyment.（3）? ? ? ? ? ? ? .? "We are due in Yellow Sky at 3:42," he said, looking tenderly into her eyes. "Oh, are we?" she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince surprise at her husband's statement was part of

58、 her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a little silver watch; and as she held it before her, and stared at it with a frown of attention, the new husband's face shone. "I bought it in San Anton' from a friend of mine," he told her gleefully. "It's seventeen minutes past twelve," she said, l

59、ooking up at him with a kind of shy and clumsy coquetry.（4 ）? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .? At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest, and also the equanimity, of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a wa

60、iter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence. （5 ）? ? ? ? ? ? ? .? And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape. 問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng) A.The gl

61、ances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy. B.A passenger, noting this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors. C.Presently it was apparent that, as the distance from Yellow Sky grew shorter, the husband became commensurately restles

62、s. D.To the left, miles down a long purple slope, was a little ribbon of mist where moved the keening Rio Grande. E.Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over

63、 the horizon, a precipice. F.Historically there was supposed to be something infinitely humorous in their situation. G.The patronage, entwined with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. 問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng) A.The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy. B.A passenger

64、, noting this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors. C.Presently it was apparent that, as the distance from Yellow Sky grew shorter, the husband became commensurately restless. D.To the left, miles down a long purple slope, was a little ribbon of

65、 mist where moved the keening Rio Grande. E.Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice. F.Historically there was supposed to be somet

66、hing infinitely humorous in their situation. G.The patronage, entwined with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. 問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng) A.The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy. B.A passenger, noting this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors. C.Presently it was apparent that, as the distance from Yellow Sky grew shorter, the husband became commensurately restless. D.To the left, miles down a long purple slop