Unit 4 Helping people around the world李仕才一、閱讀理解。When it's five o'clock，people leave their office.The length of the workday，for many workers，is defined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days，the time is everywhere：not just on clocks or watches，but on cellphones and computers.That may be a bad thing，particularly at work.New research shows that clock­based work schedules hinder morale(士氣)and creativity.Clock­timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example：a meeting from 9 am.to 10 am.，research from 10 am.to noon，etc.On the other hand，task­timers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list；each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What，then，are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways？Does one make us more productive？Better at the tasks at hand？Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne­Laure Sellier，they had participants organize different activitiesfrom project planning，holiday shopping，to yogaby time or to­do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs.“task time”They found clock­timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Task­timers are happier and more creative，but less productive.They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening，and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task­based organizing tends to be undervalued and under­supported in business culture.Smart companies，they believe，will try to bake more task­based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office，but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy：work organized by clock time.While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clock­timers，task­based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier，and the task­doers will be happier.1What is the way people often do their work according to the author?AThey give priority to the most urgent task on hand.BThey set a time limit for each specific task.CThey combine clock­based and task­based planning.DThey accomplish their tasks one by one.2What did the researchers find in their experiments on clock­timers?AThey tend to be more productive.BThey seize opportunities as they come up.CThey always get their work done in time.DThey have more control over their lives.3What is the researchers' opinion about today's business culture?AIt does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.BIt attaches more importance to work efficiency than to workers' lives.CIt aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.DIt does not lay enough emphasis on task­based practice.4From the passage，we can conclude that _.Ait is important to keep a balance between work and lifeBtask­based timing is preferred for doing creative workCperforming creative jobs tends to make workers happierDa scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇對(duì)時(shí)鐘型和任務(wù)型兩種工作方式的研究報(bào)告?！倦y句分析】While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clock­timers，task­based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity.分析：本句中While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意思是“雖然”，相當(dāng)于although；when they are performing a job是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；that requires more creativity是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是a job。譯文：雖然大多數(shù)人仍然很可能在某種程度上需要或者成為時(shí)鐘計(jì)時(shí)型的人，但是他們?cè)谧鲂枰鄤?chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)還是應(yīng)當(dāng)使用任務(wù)型的時(shí)間安排。1C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning”可知，人們采用了這兩種方式的復(fù)合型工作方式，因此選項(xiàng)C“他們把時(shí)鐘型和任務(wù)型的計(jì)劃結(jié)合起來”是正確的。選項(xiàng)A、B和D的信息在文中無處可尋，所以都是錯(cuò)誤的。give priority to.意為“給以優(yōu)先考慮”；on hand意為“在手邊”；set a time limit for.意為“給設(shè)定時(shí)限”。2A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“They found clock­timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Task­timers are happier and more creative，but less productive”可知，采用時(shí)鐘計(jì)時(shí)型工作方式的人效率更高，采用任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)型工作方式的人更開心，但是效率較低。所以選A。3D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段首句“The researchers argue that task­based organizing tends to be undervalued and under­supported in business culture”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為任務(wù)型的工作方式在商業(yè)文化中往往被低估并且缺乏支持。故選項(xiàng)D“它(商業(yè)文化)沒有充分強(qiáng)調(diào)任務(wù)型的實(shí)踐”正確。4B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)末段中的“task­based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity”可知，在做需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)還是應(yīng)當(dāng)使用任務(wù)型的工作方式。故選B項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第四段中的“Task­timers are happier and more creative, but less productive”和末段的末句“It'll make those tasks easier, and the task­doers will be happier”可知，文中講述的是采用任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)型工作方式的人更開心，且更有創(chuàng)造力，但并不意味著做有創(chuàng)造力的工作會(huì)讓人們更開心，所以選項(xiàng)C是錯(cuò)誤的；選項(xiàng)A和D的內(nèi)容在文中沒有提及，是主觀臆斷，因此也是錯(cuò)誤的。二、單項(xiàng)填空1.Nowadays, few people develop the habit of keeping a supply of oil-lamps in the house in case of power_.A. failure B. absence C. lack D. drop【答案】C【解析】 句意： 如今， 很少有人為了防能源短缺， 養(yǎng)成保存油燈供應(yīng)的習(xí)慣。 lack 缺少； failure 失敗； absence缺席；drop 落下。故 C 正確。2.Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills.A. fair B. reasonable C. equal D. proper【答案】C【解析】 句意： 強(qiáng)健的身體在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中很重要， 但是至少同樣重要的還有體育技能。 fair 公平的； reasonable合理的；equal 相等的，平等的；proper 合適的。3.Most of the people present at the meeting think poorly of the proposal, which they think will _ theworsening of the environment.A. adapt to B. refer to C. subscribe to D. contribute to【答案】D【解析】句意：大多數(shù)與會(huì)者都不看好這一提議，他們認(rèn)為它會(huì)導(dǎo)致環(huán)境的惡化。contribute to“導(dǎo)致，是的原因之一”，符合句意。adapt to 適應(yīng)；refer to 參與，指的是；subscribe to 訂閱，贊同。4.A great part of the information I have was _ by looking up something and finding something else on theway.A. requested B. acquired C. exchanged D. presented【答案】B【解析】requested 要求；acquired 獲得；exchanged 交換；presented 提出，提供。句意：我的大部分知識(shí)都是這樣獲得的：在尋找某個(gè)資料時(shí)意外的獲得了另外的資料。5.Chinese president Xi Jinpin said that China attaches great importance to _ relations with the UnitedKingdom, and that deepening the China-U.K. relationship is the fundamental _ of both countries andpeople.A. strengthening; benefits B. extending; profitsC. expanding; interests D. developing; aspects【答案】C【解析】句意：中國國家主席習(xí)近平說中國注重發(fā)展與英國的關(guān)系，同時(shí)加深中英關(guān)系也是兩國及其人們的根本利益所在。第一空：strengthen 加強(qiáng)；extend 延伸，expand 擴(kuò)張，發(fā)展；develop 發(fā)展。第二空上：benefits 好處，益處；profits 利潤；interests 利益；aspects 方面。6.Must I finish the report tonight?Its not _. You can do it next week.A. important B. serious C. urgent D. nervous【答案】C【解析】important 重要的；serious 嚴(yán)肅的，認(rèn)真的；urgent 緊急的；nervous 緊張的。句意：我必須今晚完成報(bào)告嗎？不著急。你可以下周做。7.As there is less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such assunlight, wind, and water for power and fuel.A. primary B. alternative C. instant D. unique【答案】B【解析】primary 初級(jí)的；alternative 可供選擇的；instant 立刻的；unique 獨(dú)特的。句意：由于煤和油較少，科學(xué)家們正在探索更好的辦法來利用可供選擇的能源，如太陽能，風(fēng)和風(fēng)能來發(fā)電。8.Every possible means _, but it seems that nothing will prevent the situation from getting worse.A. has tried B. have tried C. has been tried D. have been tried【答案】C【解析】every possible means 每一種可能的方法，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，且 means 與 try 之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故 C 項(xiàng)正確。句意：每一種可能的方法都被試過了，但好像沒有什么能阻止這種狀況的每況愈下。9.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary _ from them to help rebuild theeconomy.A. commitment B. appointment C. instrument D. requirement【答案】A【解析】 commitment 承諾， 許諾； appointment 任命， 約會(huì)， 職務(wù)， 職位； instrument 儀器， 樂器； requirement要求。句意：現(xiàn)在，銀行業(yè)恢復(fù)了往日的神采，我們希望銀行能夠做出重大承諾來幫助重振國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)。10.Many people have applied for a job with our company, but we only have one or two _ positions at themoment.A. empty B. vacant C. permanent D. adequate【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞。empty 空的，空洞的，空閑的，無效的；vacant 空閑的，空虛的，空缺的；permanent永久的；adequate 充分的。句意：許多人申請(qǐng)我們公司的崗位，但是我們目前僅僅有一兩個(gè)空缺的崗位。故答案選 B。11.In our childhood, we were often _ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped【答案】B【解析】demand 命令；remind 提醒；allow 允許；hope 希望。句意：在我們小時(shí)候，奶奶經(jīng)常提醒我們注意餐桌禮儀。12.It was foolish of him to _ his notes while taking such an easy test, and as a result, he got punished.A. refer to B. speak of C. cheat in D. take out【答案】A【解析】refer to 提到，談到，查閱，參考；speak of 談到，講到；take out 清除，獲取，把帶出去，邀請(qǐng)(某人)外出。句意：對(duì)他來說在這樣簡單的考試中看筆記本真是愚蠢。結(jié)果他受到了懲罰。13.When I was in high school, Dad retired and _ a food stand on the street near my school.A. took up B. set up C. brought up D. picked up【答案】B【解析】set up 建立，搭建。take up 從事；bring up 提出；pick up 拾起，學(xué)會(huì)。句意：我上高中時(shí)爸爸退休了，在我學(xué)校附近的街上擺了一個(gè)食品攤。14.Why havent you finished your work?The computer system _ suddenly when I was searching for information on the Internet.A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in【答案】A【解析】句意：“你為什么沒有完成你的工作的啊？”“當(dāng)我在網(wǎng)上搜索信息的時(shí)候，電腦系統(tǒng)突然出毛病了。”break down 發(fā)生故障，符合句意。15.You know, he doesnt _ money. His unhappiness is for _ courage to face the fact.A. lack of, lack B. lack, lack of C. lack, shortage of D. lack of, a shortage of【答案】B【解析】lack 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面直接跟名詞；for lack of 意為“缺少”，其中 lack 為名詞。句意：你是知道的，他并不缺錢。他的不快樂是因?yàn)槿狈γ鎸?duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的勇氣。16.Do you think he is the only person for the job?Im not quite sure but hell prove _ to the task.A. equal B. essential C. special D. superior【答案】A【解析】equal 相當(dāng)?shù)模?力量、勇氣、能力等方面)能勝任的；essential 重要的，本質(zhì)的；special 特別的，專門的；superior 優(yōu)秀的。be equal to (doing) sth.“能勝任”。句意：“你認(rèn)為他是這個(gè)工作的唯一人選嗎？”“我不十分肯定。但他終會(huì)勝任這份工作的?！?7.The success of Beijing Olympic Games _ the growth of economy in China.A. refers to B. sticks to C. appeals to D. contributes to【答案】D【解析】refer to 參考；stick to 堅(jiān)持；appeal to 吸引；contribute to 有助于。句意：北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功舉辦有助于中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長。18.As more of Chinas growing legions of millionaires _ acquire a taste for fine wine , their demand looksset to maintain the momentum of rising prices for some years to come.A. require B. absorb C. acquire D. attain【答案】D【解析】acquire a taste for sth.喜歡，青睞。句意：隨著越來越多的中國百萬富翁對(duì)紅酒的青睞，這種需求基本上保證了未來幾年紅酒價(jià)格上漲的勢頭。三、完形填空。I started serving the homeless when I was eight years old. I didnt know these people would make such a big difference in my 1 Twice a month I go to the church and help get things ready for 2 . When the gate is opened，people come in 3 to get drinks. They take their seats while breakfast is 4 ， and then we begin to 5 . We each take two plates and carry them 6 the line as the plates are 7 . Each person receives several kinds of foods. I walk to the tables and 8 the plates before them. After Ive served them，I ask if they need 9 else and bring them whatever they ask for.When I first started serving，I was a little 10 . At first I stayed close to my mom most of the time，but after I got to know these strangers，I 11 that they were friendly people. And the 12 of them was often nicer than the outside.I realized that there was no 13 to be scared. After serving for a few months，I started to 14 seeing the same people each week.All of these people make my day much 15 . The past two years has made a big 16 in my life. I do this 17 it is the right thing to do. When I serve people，I want them to know that someone 18 them and that they matter. Serving makes me happy, but even more 19 ，it teaches me to love and 20 others and helps make the world a better place.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇蓖ㄟ^自己八歲跟隨媽媽到教堂做慈善活動(dòng)的親身經(jīng)歷，感悟到了人生的意義。1A.studyBworkCfamily DlifeD解析：首先空處所在句是全文的主旨句，又根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句可知，這些人對(duì)“我”的人生(life)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。2A.breakfast BbrunchClunch DdinnerA解析：根據(jù)下文的breakfast可知，此處應(yīng)該是為早餐(breakfast)做準(zhǔn)備工作。故選A項(xiàng)。3A.secretly BquicklyCslowly DseparatelyB解析：根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)進(jìn)教堂來取飲料。故選B項(xiàng)。4A.ordered BenjoyedCprepared DtastedC解析：根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，我們準(zhǔn)備早飯時(shí)，他們坐下來。故選C項(xiàng)。5A.eat BserveCleave DtryB解析：根據(jù)第一段的“I started serving the homeless”可知，我們侍候無家可歸者，為他們提供飯菜。故選B項(xiàng)。6A.before BbeyondCabove DalongD解析：此處表示：我們每個(gè)人拿兩個(gè)盤子，沿著座位給他們端上食物。before“在面前”；beyond“超出的范圍”；above“在上方”；along“沿著旁邊”。故選D項(xiàng)。7A.emptied BwashedCfilled DdriedC解析：根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)盤子被盛滿(filled)食物的時(shí)候我們才把盤子端給無家可歸者。故選C項(xiàng)。8A.make BsetCfix DshowB解析：根據(jù)空前的“I walk to the tables”可知，“我”應(yīng)該是把盤子放置(set)在他們的餐桌上。故選B項(xiàng)。9A.nothing BeverythingCwhat DanythingD解析：根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，“我”詢問他們是否還有其他需要。故選D項(xiàng)。10A.surprised BembarrassedCscared DpuzzledC解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，剛開始時(shí)“我”有點(diǎn)害怕(scared)。下文的“to be scared”也是提示。11A.realized BadmittedCclaimed DsworeA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，隨著“我”對(duì)這些人的深入了解，“我”意識(shí)到他們是友善的。realize“意識(shí)到”；admit“承認(rèn)”；claim“聲稱”；swear“發(fā)誓”。故選A項(xiàng)。12A.past BinsideCsurface DfrontB解析：根據(jù)空后的“nicer than the outside”可知，空處應(yīng)用outside的反義詞inside。故選B項(xiàng)。13A.way BdoubtCreason DwonderC解析：根據(jù)語境可知，這些人都很友好，“我”沒有理由(reason)感到害怕。故選C項(xiàng)。14A.get tired of Btake charge ofCget down to Dlook forward toD解析：根據(jù)上文“我”情感的變化可知，做了幾個(gè)月后，“我”每周都期待(look forward to)與這些人見面。get tired of“對(duì)厭倦，厭煩”；take charge of“負(fù)責(zé)”；get down to“著手”。故選D項(xiàng)。15A.better BfurtherCbusier DeasierA解析：根據(jù)上文“我”每周期待與這些人見面可推知，“我”的生活每周因他們變得更好(better)。故選A項(xiàng)。16A.success BdifferenceCprofit DfortuneB解析：此句與文章第一段第二句中的“make such a big difference”呼應(yīng)，故選B項(xiàng)。17A.because BifConce DthoughA解析：根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系可知，空處前后有因果關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。18A.relies on Bgoes afterCcares about Dlooks forC解析：care about“在乎，關(guān)心”；rely on“依靠，依賴”；go after“追求，追逐”；look for“尋找”。此處表示“我想讓他們知道有人關(guān)心他們并且他們很重要”。故選C項(xiàng)。19A.necessarily BinterestinglyChonestly DimportantlyD解析：importantly “重要地”，necessarily “必要地”，interestingly “有趣地”；honestly “誠實(shí)地”。根據(jù)空前的“Serving makes me happy, but even more”可知，importantly更符合語境，故選D項(xiàng)。20A.respect BforgiveCinspire DprotectA解析：forgive“原諒”；inspire“激發(fā)”；protect“保護(hù)”。由語境可知，只有respect符合，故選A項(xiàng)。四、短文改錯(cuò)。May I have you attention，please？I had something important to tell you.Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on Saturday morning，December 10.The National Museum of China，where lies to the east of Tiananmen Square，covers an area of about 70，000 square meter.We will gather at a school gate and starting out at 7：30 in the morning.Our visit starts at 8 oclock but it will last three hours.Please take up your notebooks and pens with you.In addition，during the visit，please keep quietly.Do remember 7：30，Saturday morning at the school gate.Thats all.Thank you.答案：May I have attention，please？I something important to tell you.Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on Saturday morning，December 10.The National Museum of China， lies to the east of Tiananmen Square，covers an area of about 70，000 square .We will gather at school gate and out at 7：30 in the morning.Our visit starts at 8 oclock it will last three hours.Please take your notebooks and pens with you.In addition，during the visit，please keep .Do remember 7：30，Saturday morning at the school gate.Thats all.Thank you. 12