The United Kingdom李仕才一、閱讀理解。Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.2.What is a speakers way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos.B. Ethos.C. Logos.D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate money.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe MeD. Strength of Persuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了源自于古希臘且一直沿用至今的說(shuō)服他人的藝術(shù)，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三種方式以及用這三種方式說(shuō)服他人在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，說(shuō)服是為了建議人們支持你。故選A。3.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能會(huì)說(shuō)他會(huì)獨(dú)自一人從可拍的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中挽救一個(gè)國(guó)家為了說(shuō)服觀眾為他投票，動(dòng)物慈善機(jī)構(gòu)向觀眾展示受傷的貓或者狗的圖片是為了讓觀眾感到可憐，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的共同之處是他們都想讓聽(tīng)眾支持他們。故選C。4.B 【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。縱觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了說(shuō)服人的藝術(shù)，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及這三種方式在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服的三種基本方式”為最佳標(biāo)題，概況了文章中心主旨。故選B。二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1. To his great (delighted)，his son passed the College Entrance Examination with first­class honors.答案：delight2A number of visitors from all over the world are by the scenery.(attract)答案：attracted; attractive3(2018·大同質(zhì)量檢測(cè))The printing machines are always breaking ， which annoys him a lot.答案：down4It is strange that the well­behaved gentleman (be) so rude to that old lady.答案：(should) be5Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest (convenient)答案：convenience6With their wedding approaching, they are busy making good (arrange) for it.答案：arrangements7 (divide) into four groups, the whole class began to discuss the topic.答案：Divided8The football team, (consist) of 22 players and three coaches, was set up about 3 years ago.答案：consisting9In the job interviews, job applicants often find themselves (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer.答案：asked10We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond (describe)答案：description三、完形填空。On the night of October 16th，coming up at ten o'clock, my mother prepared what would be my father's last meal.That week he worked _1_ shifts.He started at midnight.Just after 2 am，the group went for coffee.There was a _2_ that always had to be operated and he said，“It's okay.You guys all _3_ and I'll work it.”The machine would _4_ quickly，occasionally，for one moment Dad made a _5_he didn't pay attention, and his head was stuck in the machine.In panic，the workers _6_ back and cut the base of the machine and transported it with him in the ambulance.Mother was _7_ that there was an accident and to meet at the _8_.My oldest brother Ken，then sixteen, _9_mother there，and my other brother Bob，then fourteen，stayed with me at home.Father died on the road.When we were overcome with the _10_，a spokesperson for the hospital _11_ my mother if they could take one of my father's eyesthey had a person _12_ it.My mother replied，“Yes！”Years later，in the late summer，I was at the Woodlawn Cemetery where my father's body rests.As I finished _13_ and stood，a man from behind me said，“How are you now，F(xiàn)rank？”Knowing only the _14_，and his friends and co­workers called him “Frank”，I _15_ thought that this man must have _16_ him.As I turned to face him，I replied，“He's my father.”This man，F(xiàn)rank Bazylak，as I would learn later，replied, “I _17_ with your father for a short time，just over a year，but he made an impact on my life.He was so powerful，so _18_ and so giving.You know，he wasn't meant to be there that day.But that was Frank.”Almost four decades later and from a _19_，there in the cemetery.I'd heard _20_ stories about my father.1A.morning BnoonCnight Dafternoon2A.duty BjobCtruck Dmachine3A.stay BgoChide Dwatch4A.move BbreakCchange Dfly5A.decision BdifferenceClife Dmistake6A.walked BrushedClooked Dturned7A.warned BmindedCinformed Dthreatened8A.factory BofficeChospital Dworkplace9A.comforted BurgedCcalmed Ddrove10A.sorrow BincidentCtrouble Dtreatment11A.suggested BaskedCpuzzled Dembarrassed12A.caring about Bsuffering fromCturning to Dwaiting for13A.blessing BmissingCpraying Dchatting14A.family BdoctorsCcompany Dpolicemen15A.slowly BquicklyCnervously Dcarefully16A.respected BlovedCrecognized Dknown17A.discussed BquarreledCworked Dagreed18A.clever BconsiderateCmodest Dstrict19A.stranger BfriendCcolleague Dbrother20A.wonderful BcheerfulCsad Dfalse【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的爸爸在工廠發(fā)生事故后去世，媽媽在醫(yī)院同意捐獻(xiàn)他的一只眼睛。最后通過(guò)與一位陌生人的對(duì)話說(shuō)明了父親的美德?！竞诵脑~匯】shift n輪班operate v操作，動(dòng)手術(shù)occasionally adv.偶爾，間或stuck adj.卡住的，無(wú)法移動(dòng)的panic n恐慌transport v運(yùn)輸overcome vt.克服，控制co­worker n同事impact n作用，影響decade n十年1C根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“On the night”和空后的“He started at midnight”可知，爸爸應(yīng)該是上夜班。所以選C。2D根據(jù)空后的“had to be operated”和“I'll work it”可知，此處應(yīng)是一臺(tái)機(jī)器需要一直有人操作。另外第三段第一句中的“The machine would _4_ quickly”也是提示。3B根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“the group went for coffee”以及最后一句中的“I'll work it”可推斷，此處指離開(kāi)(去喝咖啡)，故選B項(xiàng)。4A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指這臺(tái)機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(move)很快。5D根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，此處指爸爸犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。6B根據(jù)上文可知，其他人都去喝咖啡了，所以爸爸的頭卡在機(jī)器里時(shí)，他們應(yīng)該是快速趕(rushed)回。7C根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，爸爸發(fā)生事故，這時(shí)應(yīng)是通知媽媽到醫(yī)院去，所以選C。warn“警告，提醒”；mind“介意”；inform“告知，通知”；threaten“威脅，恐嚇”。8C參見(jiàn)上題解析。9D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，媽媽要到醫(yī)院去，所以哥哥開(kāi)車送媽媽去那里。comfort“安慰”；urge“催促”；calm“使平靜”；drive“駕車送(人)”。10A根據(jù)上文可知，父親的去世使我們處于悲痛之中。be overcome with.“受到的極大影響”。11B根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)是詢問(wèn)(asked)媽媽的意見(jiàn)。puzzle“使困惑”；embarrass“使窘迫”。12D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可以推斷，此處是指一個(gè)病人(一直)在等待(waiting for)(有人捐獻(xiàn))眼睛來(lái)治療(自己的眼睛)。care about“關(guān)心”；suffer from“遭受”；turn to“轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于”。13C根據(jù)空前的“at the Woodlawn Cemetery”并結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可知，“我”在墓地完成禱告(praying)。bless“祝福，保佑”。14A根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，“我”知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Frank。所以選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。company“同伴”。15B根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”應(yīng)是迅速地(quickly)認(rèn)為這個(gè)人一定是認(rèn)識(shí)(known)爸爸的。nervously“神經(jīng)緊張地”。16D參見(jiàn)上題解析。17C根據(jù)空后的“for a short time，just over a year, but he made an impact on my life”和下文中的“he wasn't meant to be there that day”可推知，這個(gè)人應(yīng)該是爸爸的同事，所以空處應(yīng)指與爸爸一起工作過(guò)。quarrel“吵架”。18B根據(jù)空前的“powerful”和空后的“giving”同時(shí)結(jié)合上文已經(jīng)介紹的爸爸讓所有的同事去喝咖啡，自己一個(gè)人留下操作機(jī)器以及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，爸爸也是一個(gè)體貼的(considerate)人。modest“謙虛的”。19A根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二至三段可知，“我”在墓地遇到的人于“我”而言是一位陌生人。colleague“同事”。20A本段是結(jié)尾段，也是全文的總結(jié)性段落，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了爸爸的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。故此處應(yīng)指“我”聽(tīng)到了令人驚嘆的故事。wonderful“令人驚嘆的”符合語(yǔ)境。四、單句改錯(cuò)1Worry that he might lose his job, Peter always works extra hours to please his boss. 答案：WorryWorried2When first was introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 答案：去掉was3I cannot tell you how delighting I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me. 答案：delightingdelighted4Our manager is going to attend an international conference. You can take place of him in his absence. 答案：take后加the5The most important words in this sentence have left out, so it doesnt make any sense. 答案：在left前加been五、單元語(yǔ)法過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)1(2018·四川雅安中學(xué)期末) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry) out the next year.答案：carried2It was a pity that the guests left most of the dishes (untouch)答案：untouched3They have already had some everyday words (add) to the new edition of the dictionary.答案：added4Alex was listening attentively to the lecture given by Professor Smith，with all his attention (fix) on it.答案：fixed5The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself (hear)答案：heard 7