Understanding each other李仕才一、閱讀理解?！癐t's a big hammer to crack a nut.” This is how one angry parent described the recent crackdown(嚴(yán)厲的打擊) by London police on parents who drop their kids off at school by car.Yes，you read that correctlythe very mode of transportation that many American schools insist is the only safe way to deliver kids to school is now considered illegal in the UK.The decision to fine any vehicles seen dropping off or picking up kids within a particular zone of east London comes from city councilors'(議員) long­term efforts to make the area safer and less crowded.They say they've been trying for years “to encourage reasonable parking”，but in vain.Neighborhood residents complain frequently about their driveways being blocked by illegally parked cars for 15 minutes or more，often while they're trying to get to work，and the streets are long overcrowded.Now the rules have changed.Some parents are angry.Angie is a mother who made the “big hammer” comment and says the crackdown is “way over the top”The nearest drop­off point for her six­year­old is now a five­minute walk from the school.Others are happy with the decision，severe though it may seem.Councilor Jason Frost said：“Traffic has been clearly reduced，and more children are now walking to school，which is a great outcome.I would rather have complaints that we are slightly inconveniencing parents than hear that a child had been seriously injured because nothing was done.”I witness daily the chaos(混亂)created by these in­town drivers，when I walk my own kids to school.There's a parking lot crowded with vehicles and a slow­moving train of cars moving in circles，many filling the air with harmful smoke.Meanwhile，the conversations around overweight children and the importance of daily physical activities continue to stand out in schools.1Why is Angie opposed to the new rule?AShe is often fined by London police.BShe will lose her job as a school driver.CShe has adapted to the American practice.DShe thinks it adds inconvenience to her kid.2Why has the new rule been made according to Jason Frost?AOn account of many complaints.BBecause of students' health problem.COwing to safety concern.DDue to air pollution.3What can be seen after the crackdown is carried out?ALess daily chaos.BSupport from all people.CMore overweight children.DComplaints from neighbors.4What is the main idea of the text?AParents attempt to resist a school rule.BLondon police cause widespread anger.CAmerican schools care more about kids' safety.DDifferent voices are heard on a new traffic policy.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述倫敦自實(shí)行在學(xué)校門口嚴(yán)禁停車這一做法以來(lái)的變化?！倦y句分析】The decision to fine any vehicles seen dropping off or picking up kids within a particular zone of east London comes from city councilors'(議員)long­term efforts to make the area safer and less crowded.分析：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。句中不定式短語(yǔ)to fine any vehicles作decision的后置定語(yǔ)；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)seen.London作vehicles的后置定語(yǔ)；dropping off or picking up kids作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明vehicles；不定式短語(yǔ)to make the area safer and less crowded作efforts的后置定語(yǔ)。譯文：對(duì)任何在特定區(qū)域內(nèi)被看見(jiàn)停車或者接送小孩的車輛進(jìn)行罰款的決定來(lái)自市議員的長(zhǎng)期努力，這些努力是為了使這些區(qū)域更加安全和少些擁擠。1D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“The nearest drop­off point for her six­year­old is now a five­minute walk from the school”可知，對(duì)于她6歲的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，最近的下車點(diǎn)離學(xué)校有五分鐘的步行路程，據(jù)此可推知，Angie認(rèn)為不能在校門口停車給孩子帶來(lái)不便。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A的意思是“倫敦警察經(jīng)常對(duì)她進(jìn)行罰款”，選項(xiàng)B意思是“她將失去校車司機(jī)這份工作”，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)的信息在文章中都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，所以都是錯(cuò)誤的；雖然文章第一段提到這種在校門口就讓小孩下車的方法在美國(guó)是常見(jiàn)的方式，但如今在倫敦卻是非法的，但是沒(méi)有提到Angie已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了美國(guó)的這種慣例，所以選項(xiàng)C也是錯(cuò)誤的。2C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“l(fā)ong­term efforts to make the area safer and less crowded”可知，選項(xiàng)C的表述“Owing to safety concern”是正確的。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。3A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Traffic has been clearly reduced, and more children are now walking to school, which is a great outcome”可知，車輛已經(jīng)明顯減少，許多孩子正在步行上學(xué)，這是最大的結(jié)果，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。4D考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文可知，倫敦學(xué)校門口家長(zhǎng)停車造成安全事故和交通堵塞，因此議員提議對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行制止，由此引發(fā)家長(zhǎng)的議論。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。選項(xiàng)A“家長(zhǎng)盡力抵制這項(xiàng)校規(guī)”是以偏概全；根據(jù)第三段中的“Some parents are angry”可知選項(xiàng)B的表述“倫敦警察引發(fā)了廣泛的憤怒”也是不符合實(shí)際的，所以也是錯(cuò)誤的；C項(xiàng)表述與文章內(nèi)容不符，故排除。二、單項(xiàng)填空1.Over the years the European Union has made great efforts to _ the safety of food and protect the health ofits people.A. observe B. ensure C. indicate D. predict【答案】B【解析】observe 觀察；ensure 保證，擔(dān)保；indicate 表明；predict 預(yù)測(cè)。句意：多年來(lái)歐盟已經(jīng)盡力確保食品安全保護(hù)人民健康。 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選 B。2.In a natural disaster, minutes and even seconds of warning can make the _ between life and death.A. division B. difference C. separation D. sense【答案】B【解析】make the difference between and。意思是：在和之間有差別。句意：發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害時(shí)，幾分鐘甚至幾秒鐘的提前警告，都能產(chǎn)生生死之別。3.Lets hold a party to _ your birthday and at the same time _ you on your passing the driving test.A. congratulate; celebrate B. celebrate; celebrateC. celebrate; congratulate D. congratulate; congratulate【答案】C【解析】celebrate 慶祝節(jié)日等；congratulate 慶賀某人，向道賀。第一空是表示慶祝生日，用 celebrate；第二空表示因某事向某人道賀，congratulate sb. on sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，用 congratulate。句意：讓我們來(lái)舉行一次晚會(huì)慶祝你的生日，同時(shí)也祝賀你通過(guò)駕照考試。4.The mobile phone has become a major means of communication, _ us to keep in touch as well as to surfthe Internet to keep us informed of the latest news.A. supposing B. permitting C. forbidding D. persuading【答案】A【解析】句意：手機(jī)已經(jīng)成為一種主要的交際方式，允許我們保持聯(lián)系以及上網(wǎng)能夠讓我們隨時(shí)了解最新新聞。故選 A。permit sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事；forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事；persuadesb. to do sth.勸服某人做某事。5.Although the authorities _ people from climbing up that section of the Great Wall, some people still visitthat area.A. quit B. prohibit C. object D. oppose【答案】B【解析】prohibit sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事” 。句意：盡管當(dāng)局禁止人們攀爬長(zhǎng)城的那個(gè)部分，但是仍然有些人前往這個(gè)地區(qū)游玩。6.Something is wrong with his camera. It cant be _ to take photos in cloudy conditions.A. adapted B. adjusted C. adopted D. remedied【答案】B【解析】adjust 調(diào)整。句意：他的相機(jī)出問(wèn)題了，因?yàn)樗鼰o(wú)法在多云天氣下調(diào)整拍照了。7.Schools in Japan make students become _ being in the earthquake by organizing earthquake practice everymonth.A. popular with B. consistent with C. familiar to D. familiar with【答案】D【解析】句意：日本的學(xué)校通過(guò)每個(gè)月組織防震演習(xí)使學(xué)生們熟悉處于地震中的情況。familiar 熟悉的；popular 流行的，受歡迎的；consistent 一致的；similar 類似的，相似的。8.Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell short of our _.A. expectations B. advantages C. opportunities D. contributions【答案】A【解析】expectations 期待，期望，預(yù)期；advantage 優(yōu)越性，有利方面，有利條件，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢(shì)；opportunity機(jī)會(huì)，機(jī)遇；contribution 貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)。句意; 遺憾的是他推薦的餐廳與我們心目中期望的相去甚遠(yuǎn)。根據(jù)句意選 A 項(xiàng)。9.According to police _, Mr. and Mrs. Hunt were found dead on the floor of their kitchen.A. appointments B. accounts C. agreements D. assistance【答案】B【解析】句意：根據(jù)警方的解釋。Hunt 先生和夫人被發(fā)現(xiàn)死在家里廚房的地板上。account 賬戶，賬號(hào)，說(shuō)明，敘述。police accounts 警方解釋；appointment 約定，約會(huì)；agreement 協(xié)議；assistance 援助，幫助。10.Its impossible for her to have more free time to accompany her parents because her work _ much oftheir time.A. takes up B. takes over C. takes off D. takes in【答案】A【解析】take up 拿起，占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)；take over 接管；take off 脫掉，起飛；take in 吸收，上當(dāng)。句意：她不可能有更多的空余時(shí)間來(lái)陪伴她的父母，因?yàn)楣ぷ髡紦?jù)了她的大部分時(shí)間。11.Team leaders must _ that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassmentassociated with making mistakes.A. satisfy B. Compromise C. quarrel D. ensure【答案】D【解析】句意：團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們務(wù)必保證(ensure)所有成員克服他們的天生的欲望想要避免因犯錯(cuò)誤而帶來(lái)的尷尬。根據(jù)句意選 D。12.Experience doesnt always _ to the problem we are faced with.A. make a choice B. make a difference C. make up D. make out【答案】B。make a choice 做出選擇；make a difference 起作用，有影響，有意義；make up 組成，編造，化妝；make out 理解，辨認(rèn)出。句意：經(jīng)驗(yàn)并不總是對(duì)你所面臨的問(wèn)題起到解決的作用的。13.Hi, Mum. I got promoted for my wonderful performance in my work._A. Congratulations! B. Best wishes. C. Good luck. D. Dont mention it.【答案】A【解析】孩子因在工作中表現(xiàn)得好而得到提升，媽媽?xiě)?yīng)該表示“祝賀” ，故選 A。14.It made our head teacher angry _ Wang Lin, without the _ from the school，was absent from classfor a week.A. that, permission B. which, permit C. which, permission D. that, permit【答案】A【解析】句意：王琳未經(jīng)學(xué)校允許曠課一周，這使我們的校長(zhǎng)很生氣。it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的從句，而且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，故應(yīng)用 that 引導(dǎo)。permission 允許，許可。15.Chinese customs regulations _ taking precious works of art out of China.A. prohibit B. Forbid C. avoid D. respect【答案】A【解析】句意：中國(guó)海關(guān)條例規(guī)定禁止將珍貴的文物帶出中國(guó)。prohibit 和 forbid 這兩個(gè)詞都有“禁止”的意思，但應(yīng)用范圍不同：prohibit 用于上級(jí)部門的正式法令、規(guī)定或權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的法律、法令；forbid用于普通人之間如禁止某人做某事，或不讓某人做某事。三、完形填空。I was a first officer at an airline. One Christmas Eve, I was checking instruments in 1 for my last flight of the day 2 I heard a noise behind me. I looked 3 my shoulder. Just outside the cockpit(駕駛艙) doorway was a boy of about nine 4 at the cockpit. At my glance he started to 5 . “Come on in here，” I called. The boy stepped 6 into the cockpit. “My names Chad，” I said, sticking out my hand. With a shy smile he put his hand in 7 ， “Im Sam.”The captain would be in any minute. Sam looked so 8 that I didnt want to cut short his fun. I told Sam the 9 of each button. Finally Captain Jim came aboard. I 10 Sam to Jim, who gave him a broad smile. “You ever 11 an airplane before, Sam？” Jim asked. Eyes wide, Sam 12 his head. Following my 13 ， he carefully pressed a button as big as his hand to start the 14 ， which hummed(發(fā)出嗡嗡聲) to life. Sam looked like he was about to cry with 15 . We started up the other engine, 16 ， and arrived in Macon about 40 minutes later.Early Christmas morning, Sams mother came by and 17 a tin of cookies with a note of thanks. Jim looked at it, 18 ， and read it aloud, “Thank you for what youve done. Sam has been dreaming about becoming a pilot. 19 ， hes got cancer.”A small 20 deed that one does can make a big difference to someone elses life.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者在例行檢查飛機(jī)時(shí)，無(wú)意間的好心之舉對(duì)一個(gè)罹患癌癥的小孩兒有非凡意義的故事。1A.timeBreturnCpreparation DexchangeC解析：根據(jù)下文的“Finally Captain Jim came aboard.”可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)飛機(jī)還沒(méi)有起飛，作者在做一些起飛前的檢查工作，與作者的身份officer呼應(yīng)。2A.after BwhenCas if Deven thoughB解析：固定句型be doing.when.意為“正在做某事時(shí)，突然”， 空處與語(yǔ)境“I was checking”呼應(yīng)，故選B。3A.over BaroundCabove DfromA解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“I heard a noise behind me”可推知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)回過(guò)頭去看，over意為“從一邊到另一邊”，故選A。4A.glaring BaimingCshouting DstaringD解析：根據(jù)下文的“Sam looked so _ that I didnt want to cut short his fun.”可推知，小孩兒對(duì)駕駛艙很感興趣，在盯著它看，這與下文作者給小孩兒介紹駕駛艙呼應(yīng)。stare“盯著看”；glare“怒目而視”。5A.get in Bturn awayCrun out Dset offB解析：在作者的注視下，小孩兒轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉去(turn away)。6A.cautiously BunexpectedlyCdesperately DdeliberatelyA解析：空處與下文的“With a shy smile”呼應(yīng)，表示小孩兒當(dāng)時(shí)很謹(jǐn)慎。cautiously “小心地，謹(jǐn)慎地”。7A.his BhimCme DmineD解析：根據(jù)上文的“sticking out my hand”可推知，作者準(zhǔn)備和小孩兒握手，因此小孩兒羞怯地把手放在作者的手里。mine是名詞性物主代詞， 在此處相當(dāng)于my hand。8A.thrilled BworriedCafraid DconfidentA解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“I didnt want to cut short his fun”可推知，小孩兒當(dāng)時(shí)很激動(dòng)。thrilled “極為激動(dòng)的”。9A.type BfunctionCproblem DregulationB解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者給小孩兒介紹駕駛艙里每個(gè)按鍵的功能。function “功能”。10A.carried BreportedCintroduced DdirectedC解析：根據(jù)上文可知，小孩兒和作者是第一次見(jiàn)面，因此他們認(rèn)識(shí)之后見(jiàn)到作者的同事時(shí)，作者把小孩兒介紹給了同事。introduce“介紹”。11A.saw BboardedCstarted DvisitedC解析：根據(jù)下文小孩兒在作者的指導(dǎo)下發(fā)動(dòng)引擎可推知，此處問(wèn)的是小孩兒之前是否開(kāi)過(guò)飛機(jī)，與下文的“We started up the other engine”呼應(yīng)。12A.raised BbowedCnodded DshookD解析：根據(jù)下文的“Following my _ ， he carefully pressed a button”可推知，小孩兒之前沒(méi)有開(kāi)過(guò)飛機(jī)，于是他搖頭。13A.signals BinstructionsCexample DscheduleB解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，小孩兒按照作者的指示開(kāi)始操作按鍵。instruction “指導(dǎo)”。14A.flight BjourneyCbutton DengineD解析：空處與下文的“which hummed(發(fā)出嗡嗡聲)to life”和“We started up the other engine”呼應(yīng)，表示小孩兒發(fā)動(dòng)了引擎。15A.happiness BanxietyCsympathy DfrightA解析：空處與上文的“I didnt want to cut short his fun”呼應(yīng)，表示小孩兒很高興看到引擎被發(fā)動(dòng)了起來(lái)。16A.gave up Bpulled overCtook off Dwent outC解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“We started up the other engine . and arrived in Macon about 40 minutes later.”可推知，飛機(jī)的引擎都發(fā)動(dòng)后，起飛了，大約40分鐘后抵達(dá)了Macon。17A.took BmadeCbought DleftD解析：空處與“came by”呼應(yīng)，表示Sam的母親來(lái)了，然后留下了一罐餅干和一張感謝便條。18A.sighed BsobbedCbreathed DrelievedA解析：根據(jù)下文的“hes got cancer”可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)Jim看到便條后，很傷感和無(wú)奈。sigh “嘆氣”。19A.Strangely BEventuallyCCarelessly DUnfortunatelyD解析：結(jié)合“hes got cancer”可推知，得了癌癥是一件很不幸的事情。20A.heroic BriskyCkind DhonestC解析：根據(jù)全文可推知，作者無(wú)意間做的一件好事對(duì)一個(gè)罹患癌癥的小孩兒來(lái)說(shuō)有非凡的意義。kind “仁慈的，友好的”。四、短文改錯(cuò)。It snowed last night， when was quite rare here in Western Washington State. School canceled for the day and the neighborhood kids were so exciting！ A couple of my young neighbors knocked polite on my door and asked if they could all play in their courtyard. I was happy to having them and soon they were making snowmen and having snowball fights. I invite them in to have hot cocoa and homemade cookie. The snow didnt last longit started raining in this afternoonso I enjoyed seeing the kids have so much fun while it was here！答案：It snowed last night， was quite rare here in Western Washington State. School canceled for the day and the neighborhood kids were so ！ A couple of my young neighbors knocked on my door and asked if they could all play in courtyard. I was happy to them and soon they were making snowmen and having snowball fights. I them in to have hot cocoa and homemade . The snow didnt last longit started raining this afternoon I enjoyed seeing the kids have so much fun while it was here！ 10