Unit 5 Music李仕才一、閱讀理解Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease.In 1914，Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South.The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra.He studied the victims and their families.Most of the people lived a hard life.The doctor came to believe that the disease didn't pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food.He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison.Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part.One group of prisoners received their usual foods，mostly corn products.A second group ate meat，fresh vegetables and drank milk.Members of the first group developed pellagra.The second group did not.But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger's idea.For the South，pellagra was more than simply a medical problem.There were other things，including Southern pride.So Goldberger had himself injected(注射)with blood from a person with pellagra.He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat.He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients.An assistant also took part in the experiments.So did Goldberger's wife.None of them got sick.Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929.He was fifty­five years old.Several years later，researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.1Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?APeople in America.BPeople put into prison.CPeople having a poor diet.DPeople touching pellagra patients.2What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?APellagra wasn't so terrible.BPellagra didn't spread.CPellagra could be cured.DPellagra wasn't a medical problem.3Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?ADevoted and determined.BSelfless and friendly.CPatient and expert.DStubborn and enthusiastic.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國醫(yī)生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的過程。Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生的認真、犧牲精神令人感動。【難句分析】The doctor came to believe that the disease didn't pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food.分析：本句是一個含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。that 從句中，but連接兩個并列的謂語。譯文：這位醫(yī)生漸漸相信這種病不是傳染性的，而是與食物有關(guān)。1C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life.the disease didn't pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food”，再結(jié)合Goldberger在監(jiān)獄進行的實驗的內(nèi)容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看來，糙皮病和食物有關(guān)，而且患者大多生活條件差；再結(jié)合實驗中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了該病可知，不良的飲食容易導(dǎo)致人們患糙皮病。2B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中提到的Goldberger認為糙皮病不是傳染病以及第四段中提到的他為了證明自己的觀點而進行的實驗的內(nèi)容(將患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的體內(nèi)、將糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液體放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮膚組織的藥丸)和結(jié)果(他沒患病)可推知，Goldberger進行實驗是為了證明糙皮病不傳染。3A考查推理判斷。文中提到的Goldberger在監(jiān)獄及在他自己身上做實驗的內(nèi)容表明他全心全意地投入到對糙皮病的研究中，有奉獻精神；盡管一些人不認可Goldberger的觀點，但他仍堅持自己的看法并堅決地去證明自己的觀點是正確的，這體現(xiàn)出他意志堅定。故選A。二、單句語法填空1The meeting didn't break _until noon.答案：upbreak up “結(jié)束；解散”。2She buried her head under the covers, _(pretend) to be asleep.答案：pretending此處She與pretend之間是主動關(guān)系，且pretend表示的動作幾乎與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞pretending作伴隨狀語。3The process is _(pain), but the result is desirable. Remember: no pains, no gains.答案：painful此處形容詞painful “痛苦的”，作表語。4She was efficient and _(rely), so we all liked her very much.答案：reliable此處形容詞reliable “可靠的”，作表語。5He was full of _(confident) that he would be admitted to the famous university.答案：confidencefull of confidence “充滿信心”。6It is hard for migrant workers _(earn) a living, especially during the present financial crisis.答案：to earn此處to earn a living是不定式短語作主語，句首It是形式主語。7The old are very _(attach) to old customs and habits.答案：attachedbe attached to “依戀”。8Tom and his twin sisters are going to put on a _ (perform) tomorrow evening.答案：performanceput on a performance “演出”。9To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, _all, honest.答案：aboveabove all為固定短語，意為“最重要；首先”。10(2017·北京高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.答案：whose本空需要關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，句子還原后的表達是one of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation，這里把作定語的人稱代詞its改為whose，引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作定語，指代前面的名詞the World Food Programme，因此填whose。三、完形填空Kobe Bryant, a super basketball star, announced that he would retire at the end of the 201516 season via a letter poem. In the letter, he _1_ the moment he started rolling his dads tube socks and shooting _2_ game-winning shots, indicating his deep love for basketball.“This season is all I have left to give,” the 37-year-old wrote, “My heart can take the pounding. My mind can _3_ the grind(苦差)but my _4_ knows its time to say goodbye.”As the only son of Joe Bryant, a former NBA player, Bryant was crazy about basketball and started _5_ in at 6, and his favorite team growing up was the Lakers. Bryant earned national _6_ during an amazing high school career and his basketball skills would have ensured _7_ to any college he chose, but he decided to go directly into the NBA. He finally made it and was _8_ out of high school in 1996 and was then traded to the Lakers, for which he has played his entire career._9_, Bryant played limited minutes, but as the season continued, he began to see some more playing time and in his second season, he began to show more of his abilities as a talented young guard. The 199899 season _10_ Bryants appearance as a premier guard in the league. _11_, even at an early stage of his career, sportswriters were comparing his skills to those of Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson.There are always different interpretations of Bryant, making him the most _12_ figure in modern sports, a combination of hero and villain(反面人物). He received criticism for getting his _13_ in the games, completely neglecting his teammates; he was suspended _14_ deliberately breaking rules; he was even charged by the court with sex assault. _15_, with 17 NBA All-Star selections, five NBA championships with the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, Kobe has brought his fans _16_ memories. His best days are long _17_ him indeed, but the way he approaches the game as well as life is always glamorous.Weve always known, and _18_ are mentally prepared, that one day Kobe Bryant will not be _19_. Yet his retirement note still caught us off guard. It simply _20_ when farewell words are uttered(說出)from one of the all-time greats in basketball.語篇解讀：文章主要講述科比退役一事，并由此介紹了科比的詳細情況。1.A. remembered B. recalled C. recorded D. retold【答案】B 【解析】recall意為“回憶”，符合語境，即指他回憶當(dāng)年的情況。2.A. imaginary B. original C. practical D. contemporary【答案】A 【解析】imaginary想象的；original原始的，原有的；practical實際的；contemporary現(xiàn)代的，當(dāng)代的，同一時代的。根據(jù)該空前面的“rolling his Dads tube socks and shooting”可知，他當(dāng)年是用他爸爸的圓筒短襪當(dāng)球打的，所以只能算是想象中的比賽。3.A. treat B. operate C. compete D. handle【答案】D【解析】handle意為“處理；應(yīng)付”，符合語境，即“我”的思想上可以受得了這種苦差。4.A. coach B. soul C. body D. teammates【答案】C【解析】body與前面的mind相對應(yīng)，即思想上承受得了這個苦差，但是身體上承受不了，要退役了。5.A. involving B. diving C. participating D. throwing【答案】B【解析】dive in為固定搭配，意為“開始(從事)”，符合語境，即他從6歲開始打球。6.A. confirmation B. recognition C. realization D. recommendation【答案】B7.A. permission B. occupation C. admission D. submission【答案】C【解析】admission在這里意為“錄取”，即憑借他籃球方面的技能，他可以被任何一所他所選擇的大學(xué)錄取。8.A. drafted B. removed C. substituted D. employed【答案】A【解析】draft本義為“征募”，在這里表示“被選中”，符合語境，即他被NBA選中。9.A. Previously B. Frequently C. Basically D. Initially【答案】D【解析】initially意為“開始；最初”。起初，Bryant鍛煉有限的時間，后來慢慢增加練習(xí)時間。previously 先前地；frequently 頻繁地，經(jīng)常地；basically基本地。10.A. represented B. symbolized C. marked D. reflected【答案】C【解析】mark.as.為固定搭配，意為“把標志為”，符合語境，即19981999年是Bryant事業(yè)突飛猛進的時期。11.A. In addition B. In fact C. Therefore D. Then【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，用in fact承接。事實上，早在他的事業(yè)剛起步時，有關(guān)報道者便將他的技巧與喬丹等相提并論了。12.A. outstanding B. ridiculous C. controversial D. honourable【答案】C 【解析】outstanding杰出的；ridiculous可笑的；controversial有爭議的；authentic真實的。根據(jù)后半句中的“a combination of hero and villain”可知，他是一個有爭議的人物，因此選C。13.A. way B. scores C. manner D. benefit【答案】A【解析】get ones way為固定短語，意為“隨心所欲”，符合語境，即批評他打球沒有團隊合作精神，隨心所欲、單打獨斗。14.A. in response to B. in terms of C. on account of D. in the absence of【答案】C【解析】on account of意為“因為”，符合語境，即他因為故意違規(guī)而被停賽。15.A. Instead B. MeanwhileC. Otherwise D. However【答案】D16.A. boring B. disappointing C. shocking D. thrilling【答案】D【解析】boring枯燥無味的；disappointing令人失望的；shocking令人震驚的；thrilling刺激的，令人激動的。根據(jù)上下文可知，D項正確，即科比總給他的粉絲激動的感覺。17.A. above B. before C. behind D. beyond【答案】C【解析】他的輝煌已成過去。18.A. more or less B. sooner or later C. now and then D. by and by【答案】A 【解析】more or less意為“或多或少地”，符合語境。我們或多或少地在思想上做好了準備。sooner or later 遲早；now and then不時地；by and by不久以后。19.A. around B. here C. there D. about【答案】A20.A. works B. hurts C. suffers D. separates【答案】B【解析】當(dāng)科比說再見時，大家會感到心痛。根據(jù)句意可知，B項正確。四、單句改錯1Her devotion in the job left her with very little free time._答案：intodevotion名詞“奉獻；熱愛”常與to搭配。2Help in form of money will be very welcome._答案：in后加thein the form of “以形式”。3This is a kind of flower familiar with many of us._答案：withtoSth. is familiar to sb. “某物是某人所熟知的”。4My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time._答案：dreams后加of或aboutdream of/about “夢想”。5He is so diligent that he never goes anywhere with a book._答案：withwithoutnever . without . 是雙重否定表達肯定含義的用法。8