高考提能練(二十三) Module 5A Trip Along the Three Gorges.閱讀理解A2019·重慶第三次調(diào)研A five­year­old dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.The man, Bob, was alone when he left his Michigan farmhouse on New Year's Eve to collect firewood. Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (襯褲), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around 4.After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance.“I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10：30 pm, ” Bob explained. “But my Kelsey came. By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking.”Kelsey's companion kept him warm by lying on top of him. She licked his face and hands to keep him awake. “Kelsey kept barking but never left my side，” Bob recalled. “She kept me warm. I knew I couldn't give up and that it was my choice to stay alive.”Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold. When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6：30 pm on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once. When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21. However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (凍瘡). They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm. Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, “Animals can help and his dog really saved him. He was very fortunate.”Bob said he was “enormously” grateful to both Dr. Colen and his Kelsey. “They saved my life. They are truly heroes！”體裁：記敘文題材：人與動(dòng)物主題：忠犬守護(hù)主人【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文講述了一只叫Kelsey的狗狗在主人Bob不慎在雪地中滑倒傷到脖子無(wú)法動(dòng)彈時(shí)，用身體為主人取暖，并且還不斷吠叫希望能引起別人的注意，最終Bob獲救?！倦y句分析】Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (襯褲), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around 4.分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Expecting a journey of only several meters為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；主句中有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句及although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：Bob認(rèn)為只有幾米的路程，出去的時(shí)候只穿著襯褲、襯衫和拖鞋，盡管(外面的)溫度大概是零下4度。1What happened to Bob on New Year's Eve?A. He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.B. He was praised for saving a dog owner.C. He broke his neck and couldn't move.D. He heard his neighbor's shouting for help.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“who slipped in the snow and broke his neck”及第三段中的“After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow”可知，Bob在雪地中滑倒傷到了脖子，不能動(dòng)了，故選C項(xiàng)。2Why did Kelsey keep barking?ATo keep warm.BTo stay alive.CTo keep Bob awake.DTo seek help from others.答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking”可推知，Kelsey一直叫的目的是找人來(lái)幫助主人，故選D項(xiàng)。3How does Dr. Chaim Colen feel about Kelsey?AHelpful.BFortunate.CGrateful. DFriendly.答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, Animals can help and his dog really saved him. He was very fortunate”可知，Chaim Colen醫(yī)生認(rèn)為動(dòng)物能提供幫助，Bob的狗救了Bob。因此Chaim Colen醫(yī)生認(rèn)為Kelsey是有幫助的，故選A項(xiàng)。4What can be a suitable title for the text?AA Neck­breaking AccidentBThe Magic NightCWarmth on a Winter's NightDDetermination to Keep Alive答案與解析：C考查主旨大意。通讀全文內(nèi)容并根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (凍瘡). They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm”可知，Bob在寒冷的夜里衣著單薄卻沒(méi)有任何凍瘡是因?yàn)樗墓酚蒙眢w不停地溫暖他，故C項(xiàng)“冬夜里的溫暖”作文章標(biāo)題最合適。B2019·長(zhǎng)春監(jiān)測(cè)二Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system. However, many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night. The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep. Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population. A significant number of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally. In one study, thirteen healthy adult subjects (實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象) who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours. During the experiment, the subjects were asked to perform several tasks, such as mathematics and word problems, while researchers were undergoing scans of their brain activity. The researchers found that the temporal lobe (顳葉) of the brain, the region involved in language processing, was active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough sleep. After several hours without sleep, there was no activity within this region.Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short­term memory and reaction time thus causing a serious risk of accident. In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk. They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.5 percent, the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries. The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep­deprived driving.體裁：說(shuō)明文題材：社會(huì)生活主題：缺乏睡眠的影響【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文說(shuō)明了睡眠缺失對(duì)人們大腦的影響，以及駕駛員如果缺乏睡眠可能導(dǎo)致的嚴(yán)重后果?！倦y句分析】Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally. 分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不作句子成分；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代先行詞certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：研究表明大腦會(huì)因?yàn)樗卟蛔愣艿截?fù)面的影響，因?yàn)樵谒咂陂g發(fā)生的某些電子和化學(xué)活動(dòng)被打斷，大腦不能正常地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。5The underlined word “deprivation” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _. Aweakness BlossCdiscomfort Dpain答案與解析：B考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段第二句“However, many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night”可知，許多成年人睡眠不足，由此可推知，deprivation是“缺失”的含義，這與本段最后一句“A significant number of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag”呼應(yīng)，故選B。 6The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation EXCEPT _. Ajet lag Blong work hoursCboring work Dworking at night答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“A significant number of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag”可知，睡眠缺失的原因很多，但不包括工作枯燥，故選C。7The purpose of the study described in Paragraph 2 was to determine _. Ahow many hours people can survive without sleepBhow people react when their sleep is interruptedCthe changes in brain activity that occurs during sleepDthe effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally”并結(jié)合本段的內(nèi)容可推知，本段主要論述的是睡眠缺失對(duì)大腦的影響，故選D。 8Why does the author mention blood alcohol level in Paragraph 3? ATo show how sleep deprivation reduces the blood alcohol level. BTo show that sleep deprivation has the same dangerous effects as being drunk. CTo suggest that sleep­deprived drivers are also likely to drink. D. To argue against raising the legal limit for drunk driving.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk”可推知，作者提到血液中酒精濃度的例子是為了證明之前的結(jié)論，即：睡眠缺失和飲酒在駕駛中的危害同樣嚴(yán)重，故選B。.七選五2019·山西八校第一次聯(lián)考Having success and being able to meet one's goals requires many things: knowledge, a sense of direction, hard work, luck, connections and perhaps a strong belief in yourself. We accomplish our goals one step at a time, doing a little each day. _1_1. Get up an hour early.People who get up early in the morning have a jump on the day. _2_ And some studies show that the willpower and attention are strongest in the morning. In fact, the morning may be the most productive part of your day.2. Drink a glass of water with lemon juice.While your coffee is being prepared or waiting for the water to heat up, drink a glass of water with lemon juice. Why? Health experts say that drinking a combination of lemon juice and water first in the morning jump­starts the body's metabolism (新陳代謝)3. Exercise!_3_ Exercising in the morning may not be for everyone. Some people like to exercise after work or at night. Physical fitness experts and trainers often suggest some form of exercise in the morning because the middle of the day is a busy time for most people. By the day's end, you may not have the time or energy to exercise.4. _4_Take time at the end of the day to think back on all the things that have happened. _5_ And spend a little time thinking about tomorrow. It may help you to prepare if you take a few minutes to think about what you need to do the next day.AMake a plan for tomorrow.BFor starters, they are awake!CThink about your day at night.DSome people may disagree with this one.E. So using your day effectively is important.F. Give thanks to wonderful things, if you want.G. Well, don't, as it is a great way to forget about the day ahead.體裁：說(shuō)明文題材：日常生活主題：有效利用每一天【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章向讀者介紹了有效利用每一天的四個(gè)習(xí)慣。1答案與解析：E從空前一句和下文中的四個(gè)建議可知，本空承上啟下，E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，E項(xiàng)中的“using your day effectively”是關(guān)鍵信息。2答案與解析：B根據(jù)空處所在段的小標(biāo)題“Get up an hour early”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。3答案與解析：D根據(jù)該段小標(biāo)題和空處后兩句內(nèi)容可知，有些人可能是不同意早上鍛煉的，故選D項(xiàng)。4答案與解析：C由本段內(nèi)容特別是第一句可知，本段主要講的是一天結(jié)束時(shí)要進(jìn)行思考，故選C項(xiàng)。5答案與解析：F本空前一句內(nèi)容是回顧一天發(fā)生的事情，故可推知空處應(yīng)指回顧過(guò)后可對(duì)美好的事情表達(dá)一下感謝，故選F項(xiàng)?！疽族e(cuò)分析】本題的干擾項(xiàng)是G項(xiàng)，G項(xiàng)意思是“噢，不要這樣做，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)提前忘記這一天的很好的方法”，但它與空后的“And spend a little time thinking about tomorrow”連貫不起來(lái)，邏輯不通，故排除。.短文改錯(cuò)2019·成都市段考The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， where was specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both side. We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many of people were playing happily. But something unpleasant catch our attention, there was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so serious polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish after we left.答案：The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， was specially built for people to relax . The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both . We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many people were playing happily. But something unpleasant our attention, there was rubbish here there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish we left.where改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the “Renmin Road”，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。ourselves改為themselves?？疾槿朔Q代詞。根據(jù)該句中的“people”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，該處指“人們?cè)谌嗣衤飞戏潘勺晕摇?，故該處用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)的反身代詞，故將ourselves改為themselves。side改為sides?？疾槊~的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：沿途的風(fēng)景很迷人，兩邊有樹(shù)、花、山和湖。side為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意及該句中的both可知，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。刪除many后的of?？疾榻樵~。句意：我們?cè)诤呁Ｏ聛?lái)休息，許多人都在那里玩得很開(kāi)心。a good many“許多，大量”，為固定搭配，直接修飾名詞people，表示“許多人”。catch改為caught?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本文首句中的“The other day”，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容和該句中的“was”可知，本文講述的事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。or改為and?？疾楣潭ù钆?。句意：但是有些不愉快的情況引起了我們的注意，這里到處都是垃圾，湖面上漂浮著許多塑料袋和瓶子。here and there為固定搭配，意為“到處，各處”。floated改為floating?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，many plastic bags and bottles和動(dòng)詞float之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用float的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。Such后加a?？疾楣潭ㄓ梅??！皊uch a/an形容詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”為固定用法。serious改為seriously?？疾楦痹~。修飾動(dòng)詞polluted應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞形式，表示“嚴(yán)重地污染”。after改為when/before?？疾檫B詞。句意：最后，當(dāng)我們離開(kāi)時(shí)/在我們離開(kāi)前，我們禁不住收集起垃圾。根據(jù)句意并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用when/before。- 6 -