Unit 3Under the sea.閱讀理解(2018安徽合肥第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Its not every day that the United States history mixes with microbes (微生物) in the soil.But when the grassland on the National Mall in Washington,D.C.was replaced,it offered scientists the opportunity to study changes in the soil beneath.The work focused on the bacteria present in the soil.To the researchers surprise,the communities of microbes did not change a lot before and after the replacement.These communities in the soil are known as the soil microbiome (微生物群).“My lab is interested in how microbes can move around in the environment,and how they change and adapt as a result of this movement,” explains Jo Anne Crouch,the lead author of the study.“We thought that the new imported turf (草皮) from New Jersey would introduce different communities of bacteria to the National Mall.However,we found that they werent significantly different.”Crouchs work focused on turf grass,defined as a large area of green grass.It is made up of the grass,its roots,and the soil and microbes found with them.Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body.When the microbes are out of balance,it can make someone sick.Crouch says its the same for the soil microbiome.Many of the worst diseases in crops or other environments are linked with changes in the soil microbiome.Additionally,Crouch says that even though the changes between the soils were small,scientists are also starting to appreciate that sometimes a really important microbe is a rare one.This means it would be hard to observe but could greatly affect how the groups function as a whole.“Agricultural areas and other natural spaces are highly and easily hurt by negative changes,” she says.“Microbiomes offer an almost entirely new opportunity to influence interactions among plants and microbes to improve plant productivity and health.”1.Why did the researchers feel surprised when they focused on the bacteria in the soil?A.More bacteria appeared in the soil.B.Microbes were replaced obviously.C.Soil microbiome almost remained stable.D.The soil microbiome damaged the environment.2.By studying the turf grass,what did Crouch and her team find?A.Microbes grew faster in their own community.B.Soil microbiomes were different in different places.C.Turf grass adapted to the environment nearby very soon.D.Similar communities of bacteria were brought by turf grass.3.Why did the author mention the microbes in the human body?A.To indicate the two play a similar role.B.To prove they are both the causes of diseases.C.To examine the environments people live in.D.To analyze the changes of human microbes.4.What does Crouch mean in the last paragraph?A.Microbes are still as hard to observe as before.B.Studies on microbiomes can be beneficial to agriculture.C.Scientists are still puzzled about the effect of microbiomes.D.Too many microbiomes in the soil mean no harm to plants.語(yǔ)篇解讀:正如人體的微生物群落對(duì)人體的健康有影響一樣,土壤的微生物群落也會(huì)對(duì)植物的產(chǎn)量和健康產(chǎn)生影響。答案及剖析:1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的To the researchers surprise,the communities of microbes did not change a lot before and after the replacement.These communities in the soil are known as the soil microbiome.可知,令研究者驚訝的是土壤微生物群落幾乎保持穩(wěn)定。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的We thought that the new imported turf from New Jersey would introduce different communities of bacteria to the National Mall.However,we found that they werent significantly different.可知,通過(guò)研究草皮,克勞奇和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新移植過(guò)來(lái)的草皮帶來(lái)的微生物群落與原來(lái)的微生物群落類似。3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body.及該段后面的內(nèi)容可推知,作者提及人類體內(nèi)的微生物是為了表示這兩種類型的微生物扮演著類似的角色。4.B推理判斷題。最后一段提到微生物群落提供了一個(gè)提高莊稼產(chǎn)量、促進(jìn)植物健康的全新機(jī)會(huì)。由此可知,對(duì)微生物群落的研究對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)是有益的。.七選五(2018吉林第二次調(diào)研測(cè)試)How to deal with your homeworkWrite it down.1. Make a note on your notebook.Always be sure to write down all your homework for school so you wont forget anything. Create a homework station.Find somewhere comfortable and quiet to work.2. It will take twice as long to get the homework done.Shut off your mobile phone,log off your computer (unless you will need it for your homework) and close the door. Do it as early as possible.Dont leave homework to the last minute.3. The earlier you start doing your homework,the sooner you will finish! Do all your homework as early as you can,so you dont have a pile of homework the next day. 4. Think about how long it will take you to complete each subject.For example:Englishten minutes,scienceten minutes,mathforty minutes,historytwenty minutes. Treat yourself.You can easily get tired of your homework by sitting through an hour or two without stopping.Once you finish homework for a subject,take a small break.Just make sure its quick (no more than 15 minutes).Do not turn on the TV,or you will never go back and finish your homework.5. A.Use your time wisely.B.Start as soon as you get home.C.Start with your hardest homework.D.Never do your homework in front of the TV.E.You can take a walk or find something to eat.F.After short breaks,return to finish up the rest of your homework.G.Keep a homework notebook where you record all your homework.答案:1-5GDBAF.完形填空Growing up like all children,when I was growing up all I wanted was to be grown up.I always kept a close eye on my role1my parents,and always tried to do anything they did.The skills I learnt and the attitude I2from a young age would be of great help to me in my 3years. From the age of four or five,the memories I have are those of4my parents in their shop and helping them sell goods.The job I did was just5on the chair so that I could reach the counter and 6 at everyone who came in.7these are so insignificant,I always got a sense of8and satisfaction in my work.When I was seven years old,I went to primary school and my family moved to the town 9 I lived today. At the beginning,everything around me was10.I felt it hard to breathe11 friends.But my family told me,“Never be a 12! Keep smiling and try to play with others!” So I tried to smile at others and play with others.Soon,it 13.I got my happiness again.And those words are always in my 14till today.Now,as a high school student,I have a nice class and many charming and 15friends and teachers around me.I feel16and beautiful! Meanwhile,the support that I have received and 17to receive from my family is always a major18for me to succeed as well. In my opinion,everyones growth is full of good and bad experiences all the time.The key is to19the good ones and find a way of turning a negative situation into a 20one. 1.A.playsB.modelsC.relievesD.glories2.A.dreamt ofB.ignoringC.thought highly ofD.acquired3.A.hardB.laterC.lastD.precious4.A.followingB.employingC.inspectingD.charging5.A.sittingB.relyingC.puttingD.standing6.A.shoutingB.staringC.smilingD.laughing7.A.WhenB.AsC.AlthoughD.Since8.A.prideB.confidenceC.shameD.humor9.A.whichB.howC.whyD.where10.A.impressiveB.anxiousC.unfamiliarD.embarrassing11.A.withoutB.withC.amongD.between12.A.loserB.successC.slaveD.quitter13.A.aroseB.owedC.workedD.shone14.A.brainB.eyeC.mouthD.mind15.A.truthfulB.hopefulC.carefulD.powerful16.A.upsetB.sensitiveC.sweetD.calm17.A.agreeB.manageC.continueD.mean18.A.treatmentB.limitC.happinessD.drive19.A.selectB.appreciateC.struggle forD.deal with20.A.commonB.secureC.positiveD.valuable語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文講述在作者的成長(zhǎng)中,父母給作者樹(shù)立了很正面的榜樣,給了作者非常好的指導(dǎo),讓作者在成長(zhǎng)的道路上走得更加堅(jiān)實(shí)。答案及剖析:1.B根據(jù)下文我總是盡力做他們做的事,可知我總是密切關(guān)注著我的榜樣(models)。2.D此處指我從小獲得(acquired)的態(tài)度。dream of夢(mèng)想;ignore忽視;think highly of高度贊揚(yáng)。3.Bhard艱難的;later以后的;last最后的,上一個(gè);precious珍貴的。本文描述的是我的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷,故in my later years(在以后的歲月里)符合語(yǔ)境,故選B。4.A句意:從四五歲的時(shí)候,我記得的就是在父母的商店里跟著(following)他們并幫忙賣(mài)東西。employ雇用;inspect檢查;charge控訴,索價(jià)。5.D對(duì)于四五歲的孩子來(lái)說(shuō),要想夠到柜臺(tái),肯定要站在椅子上,故選D。6.C根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,賣(mài)東西的人對(duì)進(jìn)來(lái)買(mǎi)東西的人應(yīng)該是微笑。7.C句意:盡管這些非常不重要,但是我總會(huì)從工作中獲得自豪感和滿足感。根據(jù)句意可知,用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,故選C。8.Apride自豪;confidence自信;shame羞愧;humor幽默。a sense of pride自豪感。9.D這里是定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是the town,此處在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用where引導(dǎo)。10.Cimpressive給人印象深刻的;anxious焦急的;unfamiliar不熟悉的;embarrassing使人尷尬的。剛搬到一個(gè)陌生的地方,自然對(duì)周?chē)囊磺卸疾皇煜?故選C。11.A剛搬到這座城鎮(zhèn),根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,此處指沒(méi)有朋友。without沒(méi)有,符合語(yǔ)境。12.Dloser失敗者;success成功;slave奴隸;quitter半途而廢者,輕言放棄的人。句意:但是,我的家人告訴我:“不要做輕言放棄的人!保持微笑,試著和其他人一起玩!”根據(jù)句意可知,選D。13.Carise出現(xiàn);owe感激,歸功于;work起作用;shine發(fā)光。根據(jù)下句“我又一次獲得了快樂(lè)”推知,我試著對(duì)其他人微笑和其他人一起玩,這很快就起作用了。14.D句意:直到今天我仍然記得那些話語(yǔ)。in my mind “在我腦海中”,故選D。15.Atruthful誠(chéng)實(shí)的,真實(shí)的;hopeful有希望的;careful仔細(xì)的;powerful強(qiáng)大的?？仗幒汀癱harming”是并列關(guān)系,共同修飾“friends and teachers”,故truthful最符合語(yǔ)境。16.Cupset失落的;sensitive敏感的;sweet甜蜜的;calm冷靜的。和beautiful并列的形容詞,用sweet最合適,故選C。17.C句意:同時(shí),我已經(jīng)得到的以及繼續(xù)(continue)得到家人的支持一直是我成功的一個(gè)主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力。18.Dtreatment治療;limit限制;happiness快樂(lè);drive驅(qū)動(dòng)力。a drive to succeed成功的驅(qū)動(dòng)力,故選D。19.Bselect挑選;appreciate感激,欣賞;struggle for為而奮斗;deal with處理。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,可知此處指的是欣賞好的經(jīng)歷。20.C找到把消極局面轉(zhuǎn)變成積極局面的方法,文中和negative對(duì)立的是形容詞positive,故選C。6