Unit 1Living well.閱讀理解(2018河北石家莊二中一模)Its 3 oclock and youve been hard at work.As you sit at your desk,a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you.You try to busy yourself to make it go away.But it doesnt work.Here is another situation.Perhaps you are not feeling well.The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup,like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child.Food cravings (渴望) are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way:Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain.They even call it simply “stomach hunger”.When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten,a hormone sends a message to one part of the brain for more food,which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst,hunger and sleep.The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat.Hunger is a function of survival.A craving is more complex.It activates(激活) brain areas related to emotion,memory and reward.These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies.Some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger”.People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar,which produce chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.In a 2007 study,researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”.Thus,the more you deny yourself a food that you want,the more you may crave it.However,fasting is a bit different.They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.Therefore,the next time you crave something very specific,know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.1.What is the function of the first paragraph?A.To remind readers of their own special food.B.To deepen the understanding of hunger.C.To report the discovery of craving study.D.To lead to the topic of the whole passage.2.What do we learn about food craving?A.It shows food is linked to feelings.B.It ensures a person survives hunger.C.It means the stomach functions well.D.It proves the brain decides your appetite.3.Whats the likely result of dieting?A.The decrease of chemicals.B.The increase of the desire for food.C.The refusal of fat and sugar.D.The disappearance of appetite.4.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The functions of brain areas. B.What hunger is all about.C.The findings of food cravings.D.What dieting may bring us.語篇解讀:饑餓與食物渴望存在區(qū)別。節(jié)食或限制飲食通常會增加食物渴望的可能性,食物渴望也與我們的大腦有關(guān)。答案及剖析:1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Food cravings(渴望) are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.可知,第一段是為了引出整篇文章的話題。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar,which produce chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.可知,食物渴望與情感有關(guān)系。其他選項主要是關(guān)于饑餓而不是關(guān)于食物渴望的。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句In a 2007 study,researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”.可知,節(jié)食會導致對食物欲望的增加。4.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Therefore,the next time you crave something very specific,know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.可知,本文主要談?wù)摿岁P(guān)于食物渴望的調(diào)查結(jié)果。.七選五(2018福建廈門質(zhì)檢)Each one of us has different natural and acquired abilities.Some learn new languages quickly,and some are more social than others.1. Obviously,people interpret what youre saying in different ways,based on the way they think. 2. While expecting to convince others,we rely on our own thinking tools and strengths.It doesnt matter if youre trying to persuade your boss to adopt a new idea.But when you need to persuade your colleague,switch chairs with your listener and ask yourself what his or her strength is.Sure,you take into account whats important to them. 3. Try to fit someone you work with into the different thinking categoriesindividual thinking or group thinking.To quickly identify if someone thinks better individually or in a group,I ask one simple question: Did you prefer studying by yourself or in a group in high school? Youll find out most people will answer in the blink of an eye. Then how to communicate better after identifying individual or group thinking? 4. Individual thinkers need some time by themselves to digest a new idea.Therefore,try sending them suggestions by e-mail or introduce a new idea and then giving them some time to think about it.Group thinkers will react much better when talking about a new idea.5. When group thinkers ask to talk about something,theyre actually asking you to brainstorm with them to help find a solution using conversation. A.Choose your presentation strategy.B.You can find out which category you belong to.C.It is a challenge to convince people around you.D.So give them opportunities to voice their thoughts.E.But how about understanding how they actually think?F.Most people are more productive when working alone.G.These strengths determine how we think and make decisions.答案:15GCEAD.完形填空(2018山西太原一模)Leslie Morrissettes son,Graham,was 6 years old when he was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病).Throughout Grahams 1 in the hospital,Graham connected with everyone he met,from 2 patients to younger children.“He would 3 other sick children his toys or act silly to make them laugh,” Leslie said.“Grahams special spirit is what keeps me going.He gave me the energy and the 4 to fight with him.” In 1997,when Graham was 8 years old,he passed away. 5 by how Graham lived his life caring about others,Leslie 6 the non-profit Grahamtastic Connection in his honor.The organization provides free technologyincluding computers,iPads,and robotsto children 7 against cancer and other serious illnesses. One of the major goals of Leslies work is to 8 kids to their classrooms,which really helps them continue their 9 despite hospitalizations and days 10 from school. The robots “transport” children right into the classroom in real time.They can 11 the robots right from their 12 bed or home.If the children are unable to attend school,they can 13 log on to their tablet or laptop and call in the robot.They can 14 up and down the halls.They can go to lunch with their 15.The real magic happens between classes,when theyre walking down the hallway with their friends,by robot,16 their weekend and their favorite foods and other things.Its a great technology that really gives children the feeling of control,when their world is maybe 17 control. “Every time I help a child in need,I feel 18 Graham is smiling down,” Leslie said.“I believe that Grahams 19 lives on in the work that I do.And Im 20 and privileged to be able to do it in his honor.” 1.A.surgeryB.treatmentC.vacationD.rest2.A.elderlyB.sleepyC.deadlyD.naughty3.A.buyB.chargeC.returnD.lend4.A.focusB.strengthC.resourceD.attention5.A.ConfusedB.DepressedC.InspiredD.Worried6.A.leftB.visitedC.benefitedD.founded7.A.causingB.curingC.battlingD.preventing8.A.connectB.forceC.inviteD.throw9.A.careerB.educationC.struggleD.business10.A.missedB.stoppedC.sufferedD.graduated11.A.operateB.buildC.stealD.separate12.A.flowerB.riverC.hospitalD.hotel13.A.hardlyB.accidentallyC.simplyD.luckily14.A.driveB.jumpC.climbD.walk15.A.parentsB.friendsC.doctorsD.patients16.A.talking aboutB.putting offC.depending onD.thinking of17.A.underB.withinC.away fromD.out of18.A.even ifB.as thoughC.in caseD.so that19.A.successB.joyC.loveD.fortune20.A.angryB.sadC.carefulD.proud語篇解讀:萊斯利的兒子多年前身患白血病但對生活充滿希望,而且樂于助人。在兒子離世之后,萊斯利決定以兒子的名義幫助更多患有重病的孩子,讓他們在患病的情況下也能像正常孩子一樣繼續(xù)學習。答案及剖析:1.B根據(jù)本句中的in the hospital可知,此處應(yīng)表示格雷厄姆因為患病而在醫(yī)院接受治療期間。treatment意為“治療”,符合語境。surgery意為“手術(shù)”;vacation意為“假期”;rest意為“休息”。2.A根據(jù)本句中的connected with everyone he met和younger children可知,格雷厄姆所接觸的人年齡范圍很廣,因此此處應(yīng)表示從老人到兒童都有,故elderly符合語境,意為“年長的”。sleepy意為“瞌睡的”;deadly意為“致命的”;naughty意為“淘氣的”。3.D根據(jù)本句中的act silly to make them laugh并結(jié)合選項可知,此處應(yīng)表示格雷厄姆愿意將自己的玩具借給其他生病的孩子,還會做一些滑稽的動作引他們發(fā)笑。lend意為“借給”,符合語境。buy意為“買”;charge意為“收費;索價”;return意為“歸還”。4.B根據(jù)空前的the energy和空后的fight with him可知,在萊斯利看來,格雷厄姆的表現(xiàn)給了自己同他一起并肩作戰(zhàn)的能量和力量。strength意為“力量”,本空應(yīng)與energy意義相近。focus意為“焦點”;resource意為“資源”;attention意為“注意力”。5.C根據(jù)第一段中的倒數(shù)第二、三句可知,此處應(yīng)表示孩子的表現(xiàn)令萊斯利倍受鼓舞,結(jié)合選項可知,Inspired符合語境,意為“受鼓舞的;受啟發(fā)的”。inspired by.為過去分詞短語,在本句中作狀語表示原因。confused意為“困惑的”;depressed意為“感到壓抑的”;worried意為“擔憂的”。6.D根據(jù)下句中的organization可知,此處表示萊斯利受到了格雷厄姆的鼓舞,于是以他的名義建立了一個非營利性組織Grahamtastic Connection。found意為“建立”,符合語境。leave意為“離開”;visit意為“拜訪”;benefit意為“受益于”。7.C根據(jù)上文萊斯利的兒子與白血病作斗爭及空后的cancer and other serious illnesses可知,此處應(yīng)表示該組織為那些正在與癌癥及其他重病作斗爭的孩子們提供免費技術(shù)。此處battle作動詞,意為“斗爭;搏斗”,符合語境。cause意為“引起;導致”;cure意為“治愈”; prevent意為“阻止”。8.A根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知,此處應(yīng)表示萊斯利的主要目標之一是幫助生病的孩子接觸到教室,這樣就能讓在醫(yī)院接受治療的孩子們得到繼續(xù)接受教育的機會。connect.to.意為“將和聯(lián)系起來”,符合語境。force意為“強迫”;invite意為“邀請”;throw意為“扔”。9.B根據(jù)本句中的classrooms和school可知,此處表示這樣能夠幫助孩子們在住院期間仍然可以繼續(xù)完成學業(yè)。education意為“教育”,符合語境。career意為“職業(yè)”;struggle意為“斗爭;奮斗”;business意為“商業(yè)”。10.A結(jié)合常識可知,這些孩子因為住院而不能上學,錯過了上學的日子。miss意為“錯過”,在此處用過去分詞形式,作后置定語,符合語境。stop意為“停止”;suffer意為“遭受”;graduate意為“畢業(yè)”。11.A根據(jù)本段第一句可知,這些高科技機器人能實時將孩子們“送到”教室里;結(jié)合選項可知,此處表示孩子們能夠在醫(yī)院的病床上或家里操作這些機器人。operate意為“操作”,符合語境。build意為“建立”;steal意為“偷竊”;separate意為“分離”。12.Chospital bed意為“病床”,符合語境。13.C句意:如果這些孩子不能上學,他們只需登錄自己的平板電腦或筆記本電腦即可連接到機器人。 simply意為“僅僅;簡單地”,符合語境。hardly意為“幾乎不”;accidentally意為“偶然地”;luckily意為“幸運地”。14.D根據(jù)本句中的halls可知,孩子可以操控機器人,讓它們在學校的走廊來回行走,此處也與本段倒數(shù)第二句中的walking down the hallway吻合。15.B根據(jù)下一句中的walking down the hallway with their friends可知,此處表示他們還可以和朋友們一起吃午飯。16.A句意:真正有魅力的是在課間通過機器人孩子們可以同朋友們沿著走廊散步,大家一起談?wù)撟约旱闹苣r光和最喜歡的食物以及其他的東西。talk about意為“談?wù)摗?符合語境。put off意為“推遲”;depend on意為“依靠;取決于”;think of意為“想出”。17.D句意:這是一項偉大的技術(shù),它能真正地給孩子們一種控制感,盡管他們的世界可能是失控的。本空與the feeling of control對應(yīng),out of control意為“失控的”。18.B句意:萊斯利說:“每當我?guī)椭粋€需要幫助的孩子時,我仿佛能感受到格雷厄姆在微笑?！备鶕?jù)常識并結(jié)合選項可知,此處為萊斯利的感覺,故as though符合題意,意為“仿佛”。even if意為“即使”,引導讓步狀語從句;in case意為“假如;以防萬一”,引導條件或目的狀語從句;so that意為“為了;結(jié)果是”,引導目的或結(jié)果狀語從句。19.C結(jié)合上文可知,萊斯利的兒子熱愛生活,樂于助人。再結(jié)合選項可知,此處應(yīng)表示兒子格雷厄姆的愛會因為萊斯利設(shè)立的愛心組織而繼續(xù)存在。20.D句意:萊斯利說:“我相信格雷厄姆的愛會在我所做的事情中繼續(xù)存在,而我也為能以他的名義做這些事而感到自豪和榮幸?！备鶕?jù)and可知,本空應(yīng)與privileged意義相近,均為萊斯利做這些事的感受。proud意為“自豪的”,符合語境。angry意為“憤怒的”;sad意為“悲傷的”;careful意為“仔細的”。7