課時提能練(十六)必修4Unit 1Women of achievement課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面.語境語法填空 AA convincing speech 1.was delivered (deliver) by a psychologist at yesterday's conference 2.arguing (argue) about how parenting styles affect children's 3.behavior(behave). In his opinion, children must be punished when they fail 4.to observe (observe) public rules and regulations. If a child behaves well, he deserves to be praised and rewarded then and there. There are many experts 5.supporting (support) his viewpoint, saying that kids won't learn right from wrong if parents don't intend 6.to punish(punish)BThe library door is opened at 7 pm. and the students come crowding 7.in. When evening falls, many students enter the library to read books 8.in connection with their courses. Some choose to refer 9.to reference books or dictionaries when they come 10.across problems in their studies. Some even carry 11.on their studies in the library till late into the night. They know success doesn't happen 12.by chance. Only by working hard now can they possibly avoid being looked down 13.upon and lead 14.an easy life in the future.CA man came 15.flying (fly) round the corner and bumped into me. He looked so familiar that I must have seen him somewhere. Suddenly 16.it hit me that he was just the criminal the police had wanted. What should I do? Trying to stop or catch him meant 17.putting (put) my life at risk. Fortunately, two policemen arrived soon and the man was arrested. Only then 18.did I feel my heart beating fast and my legs trembling slightly.語境短文改錯 根據(jù)P6課文內(nèi)容，對下面材料進(jìn)行修改。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。I came across a article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi by chance. One of her books explained how to cut the death rate from having and care for babies caught my eye. Then I do some research by raising some question about her. Further reading made me to realize it was hard work and determined as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. And that made her succeed was her kindness and consideration. She often went lately at night to deliver a baby for a poor family. I was excited and wanted to carry her career.答案I came across article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi by chance. One of her books how to cut the death rate from having and for babies caught my eye. Then I some research by raising some about her. Further reading made me realize it was hard work and as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. And made her succeed was her kindness and consideration. She often went at night to deliver a baby for a poor family. I was excited and wanted to carry her career.根據(jù)提示補全句子1一旦你理解了規(guī)則，物理就不難學(xué)了。(once)Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.2在那么重要的考試中他竟然查閱筆記，真是太愚蠢了。(refer to)It was too foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test.3你把錢花在有價值的事業(yè)上是明智的。(worthwhile)It is wise of you to spend the money on a worthwhile career4我忽然想起來忘了鎖門了。(hit)It hit me that I had left the door unlocked.5就我看來，只有通過努力學(xué)習(xí)你才能在學(xué)習(xí)上取得進(jìn)步。As far as I'm concerned, only by studying hard will you make progress in your study. (倒裝句)As far as I'm concerned, it is only by studying hard that you will make progress in your study. (強調(diào)句)課時作業(yè)B：能力層面.閱讀理解A(2019·昆明市診斷測試)Who're happier, men or women? Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender (性別) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (鏡像神經(jīng)元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciationwhich has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's.【語篇解讀】本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面介紹了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。1Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?AWarmth.BDepression.CHappiness.DDisrespect.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表現(xiàn)更多的是生氣、驕傲和無禮，故選D。2What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?APsychological factors.BBiological factors.CEducational factors.DSocial factors.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段從心理方面介紹了男性和女性在處理和表達(dá)感情方面的不同：與男性相比，女性更加公開地表露自己內(nèi)心的情感。3One can probably read the text from Aa science fictionBa culture brochureCa nursery guideDa health magazineD推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康雜志，故選D項。4What is the text mainly about?AMen and women differ in biology and psychology.BMen and women experience happiness differently.CSocial roles have a great effect on men and women.DWomen's happiness has declined in the past years.B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異，故B項最符合文意。B(2019·成都市畢業(yè)班摸底測試)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energy­consuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假設(shè))suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生態(tài))Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see todayif there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isn't necessarily better.But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others' suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a human­sized brain.Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類大腦的大小是由生態(tài)環(huán)境和文化知識的積累的共同作用決定的；大腦并非越大越好，如果大腦過大，則人類將無法適應(yīng)社會交往活動。5In most people's view, what makes human evolve large brains?ASocial challenges.BSocial and ecological challenges.CEcological challenges.DCompetition with other large animals.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假設(shè))suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force”并結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容可知，大部分人認(rèn)為棘手的社會交往活動是人類大腦進(jìn)化的動力，故A項正確。6What's the problem of the common approach?AIts model is not reliable enough.BIt doesn't tell the cause and effect clearly.CIts hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.DIt doesn't find brain size is connected with problems.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems”可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究方法無法解釋清楚大腦進(jìn)化的原因和影響，故B項正確。7Why don't many animals have large brains?AThey don't learn from each other.BThey don't face hard ecological problems.CThey don't need to cooperate with each other.DThey don't keep learning tough skills as they grow.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句“Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow”可知，只有當(dāng)個體在成長過程中不斷學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能時，生態(tài)環(huán)境才會導(dǎo)致人類特定大小的大腦。據(jù)此可以判斷，動物在成長過程中并沒有持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能，所以動物沒有大的大腦，故D項正確。8Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?AAnimals don't have large brains.BSocial challenges decrease brain size.CEcological challenges increase brain size.DIt's unclear whether human brains will expand further.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size”可知，與主流觀點及我們自己的預(yù)期相反，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)社會挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小。據(jù)此可知，社會挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小是令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故B項正確。.完形填空(2019·石家莊市重點高中摸底考試)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A womanin her attempt to give 1 to an ambulancehad driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car 2 . She couldn't move the car in any 3 without damaging it. A couple of people tried to 4 the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to 5 some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.While watching the other people 6 ， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how 7 that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she 8 me to sit inside her car.I wasn't in a hurry, so I 9 my family that I would be later and then tried to 10 the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others 11 . But actually it wasn't too much trouble 12 they could still pass, and also there wasn't anything she could do about it 13 . We laughed and 14 that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.Finally 15 came and helped her back on the street. She 16 me and asked for my phone number so she could return the 17 ，but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much 18 when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation 19 can make a lot of 20 【語篇解讀】該文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者安慰并幫助一位在馬路上因為給救護車讓行而陷入困境的女士的故事。1A.signalBwayCtimeDhelpB一位女士試圖給一輛救護車讓行。give way to.“讓行”，為固定搭配。故選B。2A.stuckBbrokenCdirtyDabandonedA根據(jù)下文“She couldn't move the car”可推知，因為給救護車讓行，這位女士的車卡(stuck)在那里不能動彈。3A.senseBminuteCdirectionDlineC在不損壞車的情況下，無論往哪個方向(direction)都無法移動。4A.liftBholdCpullDdriveA根據(jù)上文“She couldn't move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，車子卡在那里，障礙物太高，不能被抬(lift)回來。5A.offerBseekCrefuseDtakeB那位女士在車?yán)镌噲D尋求(seek)一些服務(wù)。6A.shoutBdiscussCstandDleaveD根據(jù)上文中的“Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left”可知，當(dāng)時其他人因為幫不了什么忙，都走開(leave)了。7A.amazingBpleasantCuneasyDincredibleC根據(jù)上文可知，那位女士的車被卡在障礙物上，其他人又幫不上忙，作者將心比心，覺得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，與下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ”呼應(yīng)。8A.forcedBinvitedCorderedDallowedB根據(jù)語境可推知，那位女士邀請(invited)作者坐進(jìn)她的車?yán)铩?A.consultedBwarnedCadvisedDinformedD根據(jù)語境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者告知(informed)家人一些情況。10A.persuadeBcomfortCfrightenDsatisfyB根據(jù)空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦慮不安，作者試圖寬慰(comfort)她，這與下文“We laughed and that all we needed was some tea for our picnic”呼應(yīng)。11A.troubleBdisbeliefCanxietyDembarrassmentA根據(jù)下文中的“But actually it wasn't too much trouble they could still pass”可推知，那位女士認(rèn)為給他人帶來麻煩(trouble)而感到焦慮不安。12A.thoughBuntilCsinceDunlessC根據(jù)語境可推知，此處前后內(nèi)容表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。故since“因為”符合語境。13A.anywayBthereforeCstillDsomehowA根據(jù)上文“She couldn't move the car in any without damaging it”可推知，無論如何(anyway)，那位女士對當(dāng)時那種情況也是無能為力的。14A.rememberedBrealizedCthoughtDjokedD由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士當(dāng)時都笑了，并且開著玩笑(joked)。15A.newsBmy partnerCassistanceDan ambulanceC根據(jù)空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最終援助(assistance)到了，幫那位女士回到了路上。16A.greetedBthankedCacceptedDattractedB根據(jù)語境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最終解困后應(yīng)是感謝(thanked)作者。17A.carBcompanyCfavorDpicnicC根據(jù)語境可推知，那位女士想要作者的電話號碼，以回報作者的幫助(favor)。18A.nervousBunwillingCdisappointedDbetterD根據(jù)語境可知，那位女士從困境中解脫出來，感覺比之前好了許多。故D項符合語境。19A.aloneBbravelyCbitterlyDdirectlyA根據(jù)上文可知，由于作者的幫助和安慰，那位女士最終心情變得好了許多，由此可推知，她當(dāng)時不是獨自(alone)面對困境。20A.decisionBfortuneCchoiceDdifferenceD作者認(rèn)為不用獨自面對困境可以產(chǎn)生很大影響(difference)。- 9 -