Module 4 Which English？ (建議用時(shí)：35分鐘).閱讀理解A(2020·貴陽(yáng)適應(yīng)性考試一)Brits(英國(guó)人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.Almost two­thirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a citys culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didnt travel because of the problem.The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.If languages werent an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention world­class cuisine！”They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, youll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few barriersroad signs and train stations are in English, youll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they dont, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了語(yǔ)言障礙成為英國(guó)人出國(guó)旅游的一大顧慮。1What do we know from the first two paragraphs?ABrits are poor at languages.BBrits regret what they have done.CBrits like relying on others.DBrits are good at languages.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Brits(英國(guó)人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”點(diǎn)題，并結(jié)合對(duì)前兩段的整體理解可推知，英國(guó)人的語(yǔ)言能力比較差，故選A。2How many Brits cant order food correctly because of language barriers?AAbout 10%.BAbout 12%.CAbout 20%.DAbout 21%.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英國(guó)人因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言障礙不能正確點(diǎn)餐，故選C。3How is the text mainly developed?ABy analyzing causes.BBy giving examples.CBy making description.DBy listing data.D解析：寫(xiě)作手法題。根據(jù)對(duì)文章的整體理解可知，本文列舉了大量的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)論證作者的觀點(diǎn)，由此可推知，本文是通過(guò)列出數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)展開(kāi)的，故選D。B(2020·福建三校第一學(xué)期聯(lián)考)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(壽命) around the world.It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter(PM)(顆粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already well­known，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survivalon average about a year globally.”In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, its considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60­year­olds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，良好的空氣質(zhì)量有益于延長(zhǎng)壽命，但是空氣污染使得細(xì)顆粒物進(jìn)入人體肺部，導(dǎo)致心臟病、癌癥、中風(fēng)發(fā)病率升高，從而影響人的壽命。4What do we know about PM 2.5?AIt has a bad effect on human health.BIt will be controlled in the future.CIt mainly comes from industrial emissions.DIt spreads to the world from Asian countries.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer.”可知，PM 2.5影響人體健康，故A項(xiàng)正確。5What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?AThey collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.BThey employed the research data to calculate the effect.CThey studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.DThey measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.”可知，這是首次將空氣污染和壽命數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來(lái)研究，以查明空氣污染如何影響總體預(yù)期壽命。故B項(xiàng)正確。6What can be inferred from the text?AThe key to people living longer is good air quality.BPeople think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.CApte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.DFactories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte認(rèn)為改善空氣質(zhì)量對(duì)老年人有好處。據(jù)此可推知，他會(huì)同意人們采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)空氣污染，故C項(xiàng)正確。7What is the best title for the text?AThe Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer LifespanBThe Importance of Getting Rid of Air PollutionCAsian People Are Suffering from Serious Air PollutionDAir Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One YearD解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”為全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章通過(guò)介紹科學(xué)研究，說(shuō)明空氣污染導(dǎo)致人的壽命減少一年以上。故D項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。.七選五(2020·濟(jì)南模擬)About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. 1._ There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language. Why is this?2_ One of them is that English has become the language of business. Another important reason is that popular American culture(like movies and music) has quickly spread throughout the world. 3._Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? 4._ Its important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common. Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it. Do we really need that?Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isnt too difficult and doesnt include any groups culture. It is called Esperanto. 5._ Maybe the popularity of English wont last that long either. There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language.APeople like English.BBut it hasnt become popular.CIt has brought its language with it.DThere is no doubt about the question.EThis is why English was widely spoken.FIt has become the new international language.GThere are many reasons why English has become so popular.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要分析了英語(yǔ)作為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言流行的原因及對(duì)未來(lái)可能流行的語(yǔ)言的預(yù)測(cè)。1F解析：根據(jù)第一段的前兩句可知，大約一百年前很多有學(xué)問(wèn)的人學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)，并且在見(jiàn)到來(lái)自其他國(guó)家的人時(shí)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在大部分人見(jiàn)到外國(guó)人時(shí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。由此可推知，英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)成了新的國(guó)際性語(yǔ)言。故選F項(xiàng)。2G解析：承接上文“Why is this？”，并結(jié)合本段中的“One of them is”和“Another important reason is”可推知，此空表述英語(yǔ)流行有諸多原因，故選G項(xiàng)。3C解析：承接上文美國(guó)文化在全球的流行可知，它的語(yǔ)言也隨之而來(lái)，故選C項(xiàng)。4D解析：承接上文的疑問(wèn)句，并結(jié)合下文的肯定陳述“Its important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.”可知，此處是表示英語(yǔ)在全世界的傳播是一件好事，故選D項(xiàng)。5B解析：結(jié)合下文“Maybe the popularity of English wont last that long either.”可知，B項(xiàng)“但是它并沒(méi)有流行起來(lái)”符合語(yǔ)境，銜接上下文。.語(yǔ)法填空(2020·綿陽(yáng)第一次診斷)Adam Braun established the organization Pencils of Promise in 2008. Its goal is 1._(make) sure all children have a chance for education.It all started when he was a college student. Adam Braun was visiting India when 2._ girl stopped him on the street and asked for money. He asked her what she desired 3._(much) of all in the world. Astonishingly, her answer was “a pencil”. The girl had never been to school before, and that was the 4._(real) for 57 million children around the world.After graduation, Adam Braun never forgot the girl and the problem of 5._(her). “We live in a world in which every single child can have access 6._ quality education. So I was determined to create schools in other places 7._children are hungry for education.” Adam Braun began to raise money for his project through social media.“We are working hard to make sure that the program is not just beautiful photos and videos of children, but that were 8._(actual) seeing amazing results in the classroom. Thats why our 9._(kid) in Pencils of Promise schools progress fast from one grade to the next，” Braun said.Since then, it 10._(help) more than 22，000 children in Africa, Asia and Latin America.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了Adam Braun建立了一個(gè)旨在幫助所有孩子接受教育的組織。1to make解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：它的目標(biāo)是確保所有的孩子都有機(jī)會(huì)接受教育。此處用不定式作表語(yǔ)。2a解析：考查冠詞。句意：Adam Braun在印度游覽時(shí)，一個(gè)女孩在街上攔住了他，向他要錢(qián)。girl為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，且此處是第一次提到，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。3most解析：考查副詞的最高級(jí)。句意：他問(wèn)她在世界上她最想要什么。根據(jù)句意及空后的“of all”可知，此處表示“最想要”，故應(yīng)用副詞的最高級(jí)形式。4reality解析：考查名詞。句意：這個(gè)女孩從來(lái)沒(méi)有上過(guò)學(xué)，這是全世界5 700萬(wàn)孩子的現(xiàn)狀。此處定冠詞“the”后應(yīng)跟名詞。故用reality，意為“事實(shí)，現(xiàn)實(shí)”。5hers解析：考查代詞。句意：畢業(yè)后，Adam Braun從來(lái)沒(méi)有忘記這個(gè)女孩和她的問(wèn)題。介詞of后應(yīng)跟名詞性物主代詞，表示“她的”，故此處應(yīng)用hers。6to解析：考查介詞。此處考查固定搭配have access to sth.“有機(jī)會(huì)使用”，故應(yīng)用介詞to。7where解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞other places，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用where。8actually解析：考查副詞。句意：我們努力確保這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不只是孩子們漂亮的圖片和視頻，還有我們真正地看到課堂上令人驚嘆的成果。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞actually。9kids解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：Braun說(shuō)，這就是在Pencils of Promise學(xué)校的孩子們從一個(gè)年級(jí)到下個(gè)年級(jí)進(jìn)步迅速的原因。根據(jù)句意及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞progress可知，此處應(yīng)用kid的復(fù)數(shù)形式。10has helped解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：從那時(shí)起，它已經(jīng)幫助了非洲、亞洲和拉丁美洲的22 000多個(gè)孩子。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Since then”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。7