Unit 4 Earthquakes.閱讀理解APeople love cellphones，which is why nine in ten Americans own one.But does heavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer? This question has caused controversy for many years.A new study in rats now augments those concerns.Its data linked long­term，intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain.The results have yet to be confirmed，the authors note.Indeed，although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer，it offers no clues to why such a link might exist，notes Jonathan Samet.He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.Still，he calls the new study's findings “significant”They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer，he says.Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves.This radio frequencyor RF radiation is a type known as non­ionizing(非電離的)Unlike X­rays，non­ionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules，producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation，such as X­rays.But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm.In very large doses(量) this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage.But it's not yet known what much lower RF levels might do，such as those from cellphone use.Five years ago，the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer，or IARC，concluded that cellphone use “is possibly carcinogenic (致癌的)”Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time.But notice that IARC was not certain.It said only that phone use might “possibly” cause cancer.So scientists at the National Toxicology Program，or NTP，investigated further.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。人們喜歡用手機(jī)，90%的美國(guó)人都有手機(jī)。那么，過(guò)度使用手機(jī)是否會(huì)有患癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢？一項(xiàng)新的研究給出了一些線索。1Which of the following can replace the underlined word “augments”？Afigures outBputs outCrefers toDadds to解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線詞前面提到過(guò)度使用手機(jī)是否有患癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這一問(wèn)題多年來(lái)引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)議不斷，再根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后的“concerns”和“Its data linked long­term，intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain.”可知，現(xiàn)在一項(xiàng)在老鼠身上進(jìn)行的新研究增加了那些憂慮。故畫(huà)線詞與adds to意義相近。答案：D2In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant?AIt assists him with his teaching.BIt indicates a new research direction.CIt warns people to mind cellphone safety.DIt makes a breakthrough in cancer research.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer，he says.”可知，這項(xiàng)研究會(huì)促使科學(xué)家去查明手機(jī)輻射可能是怎樣致癌的，也就是說(shuō)它為科學(xué)家提供了一個(gè)新的研究方向。答案：B3What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AHow phone signals are delivered.BHow cellphones produce radiation.CFeatures of radiation from cellphones.DDifferences between ionizing and non­ionizing radiation.解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容尤其是“non­ionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules，producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation.”可知，本段主要講的是手機(jī)輻射的特點(diǎn)，它是非電離的，其危害性遠(yuǎn)低于電離輻射。答案：C4What might be the theme of NTP scientists' further research?AWhy cellphone use causes cancer.BWhether cellphone use really causes cancer.CWhat health effects cellphone use has.DHow much exposure to cellphone radiation is safe.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It said only that phone use might possibly cause cancer.So scientists at the National Toxicology Program，or NTP，investigated further.”可知，NTP的科學(xué)家進(jìn)一步研究的主題可能是手機(jī)使用是否真的會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥。答案：BBAmbar presses her hand to her forehead as she considers the question on her screen: how many sevens in 91? The ten­year­old has been struggling with it for about a minute when she smiles，“13！” Her tutor responds by posting a large smiling cat picture on her screenthe virtual(虛擬的) meaning of a pat on the back.He is sitting on the other side of the world in an online tutoring centre in India.Ambar，who attends Pakeman Primary School in London，is one of nearly 4,000 primary school children in Britain that have signed up for weekly one­to­one maths sessions with tutors based in India and Sri Lanka.The lessons，provided by a company called Third Space Learning，are targeted at pupils struggling with mathsparticularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.From next year，the platform will become one of the first examples of artificial intelligence (AI) software being used to monitor，and ideally improve teaching.Together with some British scientists，the company has analysed around 100,000 hours of audio and written data from its tutorials(輔導(dǎo)課)，with the goal of identifying what makes a good teacher and a successful lesson.Tom Hooper，the company's CEO，said，“We've recorded every lesson that we've ever done.By using the data，we've been trying to introduce AI to improve the teaching.”But he argued that the aim is not to replace teachers with robots.“There's a slightly dubious(不確定的) conversation about how AI will make humans irrelevant，but it's not at all about replacing humans，”he said.“Our whole belief is that for children not doing well in the subject，people are what matters.”P(pán)upils on the program have a 45­minute session with the same tutor each week.They communicate through a headset and a shared “whiteboard”The lessons at Pakeman Primary School are tailored to the individual，including visual rewards linked to the child's interests.In addition to the raw audio data，each lesson has various success metrics attached：how many problems are completed，how useful the pupil finds the session，how the tutor rates it.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)不好怎么辦？沒(méi)關(guān)系。坐在家里，你就可以享受高科技公司Third Space Learning為你提供的一對(duì)一網(wǎng)上教學(xué)服務(wù)。5Why does the author mention Ambar in the beginning?ATo praise her tutor.BTo show her struggle with maths.CTo introduce a company.DTo encourage pupils to learn maths online.解析：推理判斷題。第一段提到了Ambar在網(wǎng)上接受一對(duì)一的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)，該網(wǎng)上家教中心位于世界的另一端印度。由此引出下文介紹的一家公司Third Space Learning。故作者在文章一開(kāi)始提到Ambar是為了引出這家公司。答案：C6What do we know about Third Space Learning?AIt makes good teachers and lessons.BIt is aimed at students from poor backgrounds.CIt is being used to monitor and improve teaching.DIt provides online maths lessons for schoolchildren.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“signed up for weekly one­to­one maths sessions with tutors based in India and Sri Lanka.are targeted at pupils struggling with maths”可知，Third Space Learning為小學(xué)生提供網(wǎng)上一對(duì)一的數(shù)學(xué)課程，故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D7Which may Tom Hooper agree with?AAI makes humans irrelevant.BAI is beneficial to teaching.CRobots are smarter than humans.DRobots will replace humans.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“By using the data，we've been trying to introduce AI to improve the teaching.”可知，Hooper認(rèn)為AI對(duì)教學(xué)是有好處的，故選B項(xiàng)。答案：B8What is the last paragraph mainly about?AWhat is taught in the lesson?BHow is the lesson taught?CWho learns the lesson?DWhy is the lesson taught?解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了這種課的教學(xué)模式。故選B項(xiàng)。答案：B.完形填空Hello，Mr.Wi­Fi.Life without you is next to impossible now.We're happy to sing your name from morning till evening，sometimes till dawn. 1 I know you help me，sometimes you're making me do things with 2 attention.Many times I promise myself that I'll 3 my feelings towards you，but you're 4 me closer and closer.You've entered both my home and my 5 .You're just a window for our 6 and information.But we people aren't 7 only with the window.So we open all our 8 for you.Is this a(n) 9 or some kind of attachment? If this is an illness，is it curable？And if this is an attachment will you 10 me to the lifelong togetherness?We want you 24/7.Can't you take a few days off so that both you and I can 11 ？You're a poisonnot a slow one but a super 12 poison which holds our mind and makes us dance 13 its tune.Nowadays you're so 14 that anyone can buy and make you our 15 .You'll never be bothered about our health but we'll 16 be concerned about your “health”Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.If you were a 17 person made of flesh and blood(血肉之軀) would we love you the same? You 18 us with your numerous talents and we even can't get rid of you.We're all your 19 .Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations 20 ，but if they did why can't we?語(yǔ)篇解讀作者用詼諧的語(yǔ)氣質(zhì)問(wèn)Wi­Fi，這呈現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代人的一種通病，那就是對(duì)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的依賴。1A.Now thatBOnly ifCThoughDWhen解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，雖然(Though)作者知道Wi­Fi幫助了自己，但是正是Wi­Fi的特殊作用讓作者在做事情的時(shí)候會(huì)分心。答案：C2A.praised BincreasedCfocusedDdivided解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。答案：D3A.keep in Bbring backCapprove ofDgive up解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者很多次都對(duì)自己承諾說(shuō)要抑制(keep in)自己對(duì)Wi­Fi的情感。bring back“使回憶起，使想起”；approve of“同意，贊成”；give up“放棄”。答案：A4A.drawing BpushingCforcingDobserving解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處形象生動(dòng)地表現(xiàn)了作者不能抗拒Wi­Fi對(duì)自己的吸引。draw“吸引”符合語(yǔ)境。push“推，催促”；force“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；observe“觀察”。答案：A5A.space BsoulCsocietyDworkplace解析：Wi­Fi進(jìn)入了作者的家和靈魂中。下文中的“holds our mind”是關(guān)鍵提示。答案：B6A.entertainment BargumentCexpansionDstruggle解析：Wi­Fi(本來(lái))只是我們娛樂(lè)(entertainment)和獲取信息的窗口。argument“爭(zhēng)論”；expansion“擴(kuò)張”；struggle“斗爭(zhēng)，奮斗”。答案：A7A.strict BsatisfiedCgenerousDbusy解析：根據(jù)上文的“You're just a window for our.information.”以及“But”所表示的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知，此處表示人們并不滿足于(satisfied)Wi­Fi僅僅是個(gè)“窗口(window)”。strict“嚴(yán)格的”；generous“慷慨的”；busy“繁忙的”。答案：B8A.thoughts BeyesCexitsDdoors解析：此處表示人們將Wi­Fi的作用擴(kuò)大化，不僅僅滿足于其作為窗口的作用，而是將所有的“門(mén)(doors)”打開(kāi)迎接Wi­Fi。某種程度上而言，door是window的“升級(jí)版”。答案：D9A.disease BinspirationCroutineDphenomenon解析：結(jié)合下文中的“an illness”可知，作者疑惑的是自己和其他人對(duì)Wi­Fi如此依賴的現(xiàn)象是否是一種病(disease)。inspiration“靈感”；routine“慣例”；phenomenon“現(xiàn)象”。答案：A10A.recommend BinstructCcommitDadapt解析：如果對(duì)Wi­Fi的情感是一種依賴的話，Wi­Fi能保證與作者一生都親密無(wú)間嗎？commit意為“保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或遵從安排等)，承諾”，符合語(yǔ)境。recommend“推薦”；instruct“教導(dǎo)”；adapt“適應(yīng)”。答案：C11A.persist BrelaxCprogressDbalance解析：Wi­Fi不能給自己放幾天假以便它和作者都能放松(relax)一下嗎？persist“堅(jiān)持”；progress“行進(jìn)”；balance“平衡”。答案：B12A.raw BambiguousCstrongDfast解析：根據(jù)本句中的“not a slow one”可知，Wi­Fi并不是慢性毒藥，而是快速起效的毒藥，故用fast與slow形成對(duì)比。raw“不熟練的”；ambiguous“含糊不清的”；strong“強(qiáng)壯的”。答案：D13A.to BagainstCfromDwithin解析：Wi­Fi是一種能控制人們的思想并使人們隨著它的音調(diào)起舞的毒藥。to表示“隨著”。答案：A14A.affordable BvaluableCconventionalDattractive解析：根據(jù)下文中的“anyone can buy”可知，如今Wi­Fi的價(jià)格是如此低廉以至于任何人都能買(mǎi)到，并使其成為人們的伴侶。affordable“支付得起的，不算太貴的”；valuable“有價(jià)值的”；conventional“傳統(tǒng)的”；attractive“有吸引力的”。答案：A15A.addition BexpertCcompanionDinstrument解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。下文中的“Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.”亦是提示。addition“添加物”；expert“專(zhuān)家”；companion“伴侶，伙伴”；instrument“工具”。答案：C16A.sometimes BalwaysCneverDseldom解析：毫無(wú)生命的Wi­Fi是決不會(huì)在意其用戶的健康的，但是用戶們會(huì)一直擔(dān)心Wi­Fi的“健康”，此處用always與上文的“never”形成對(duì)比，強(qiáng)調(diào)人們對(duì)Wi­Fi的在意程度。答案：B17A.selfish BdishonestCresponsibleDreal解析：根據(jù)下文中的“person made of flesh and blood(血肉之軀)”可知，作者想知道如果Wi­Fi成為擁有血肉之軀的真實(shí)的人，人們是否會(huì)一樣喜歡它。selfish“自私的”；dishonest“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；responsible“負(fù)責(zé)任的”；real“真實(shí)的”。答案：D18A.control BscoldCcomfortDchallenge解析：根據(jù)上文作者介紹的人們對(duì)Wi­Fi的依賴及下文中的“we even can't get rid of you”可知，人們離開(kāi)了Wi­Fi簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法生活下去，而本句中的“with your numerous talents”正是Wi­Fi控制人們的方式。control “控制”；scold“責(zé)備”；comfort“安慰”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。答案：A19A.friends BslavesCcolleaguesDemployers解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Wi­Fi控制了人們，也就是說(shuō)人們成了被其掌控的奴隸(slaves)。friend“朋友”；colleague“同事”；employer“雇主”。答案：B20A.suffered BconnectedCsurvivedDsurfed解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境尤其是本句中的“in the previous generations”可知，作者非常疑惑的是在早期沒(méi)有Wi­Fi的時(shí)候人們是如何存活(survived)下來(lái)的。suffer“受苦”；connect“聯(lián)系”；surf“沖浪”。答案：C.短文改錯(cuò)Boys and girls，May I have your fully attention，please? I have announcement to make.To welcome our friends in the United States，the Student Union was going to hold a party on Saturday evening，F(xiàn)ebruary 20.As never，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building.They will begin at 7 pm. There will be music，dancing，singing or exchange of gifts.Will everyone please to bring along a small gift for this purpose？Remember to pack it up，sign your name and writing a few words of good wishes. Don't miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of funs. Everyone is welcome.That's all.Thank you.答案：Boys and girls，May I have yourattention，please? I haveannouncement to make.To welcome our friendsthe United States，the Student Uniongoing to hold a party on Saturday evening，F(xiàn)ebruary 20.As，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building. will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing exchange of gifts.Will everyone please bring along a small gift for this purpose？Remember to pack it up，sign your name and a few words of good wishes.Don't miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of Everyone is welcome.That's all.Thank you.9