第8講名詞性從句1By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived.(2018·江蘇，21)Awhere BwhenCwhy Dhow答案D解析考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：坐船是到達(dá)這里的唯一方法，這就是我們?nèi)绾?how)到達(dá)的。where表地點(diǎn)；when表時(shí)間；why表原因；how表方式。2Without his support，we wouldnt be we are now.(2018·北京，11)Ahow BwhenCwhere Dwhy答案C解析考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該選C項(xiàng)，where引導(dǎo)表語從句。句意為：假如沒有他的支持，我們就不會(huì)取得現(xiàn)在的成就。3This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018·北京，15)Ahow BwhichCthat Dwhat答案D解析考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。這是一個(gè)含有表語從句的復(fù)合句，所選答案在從句中作teach的直接賓語，因此應(yīng)該選D項(xiàng)。how不能用作賓語；which引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)意為“哪個(gè)，哪些”，不合邏輯；that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)在從句中不作成分。句意為：這就是父親教我的總是直面困難，并且抱最大的希望。4The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津，9)Awhomever BwhereverCwhoever Dwhatever答案C解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：金牌將被授予在自行車比賽中獲得第一名的人。介詞to后是賓語從句，從句中動(dòng)詞wins前缺主語，而且金牌給的是“人”，故用whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句。whomever在從句中作賓語，故排除。5Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京，23)Awhatever BwhoeverCwhomever Dwhichever答案B解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：每年，在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上風(fēng)箏做得最漂亮的人會(huì)贏得獎(jiǎng)品。whoever無論誰，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作賓語，不合題意；whatever任何的事物；whichever無論哪個(gè)，無論哪些。6She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017·天津，4)Awhen BwhereCwhether Dwhat答案C解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：她問我是否(whether)已將那些書還給了圖書館，我承認(rèn)還沒還。when什么時(shí)候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合語境。7It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江蘇，21) Awhy Bwhat Cas Dthat答案D解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：通常情況下，對于那些心存希望的人來說，一切皆有可能。本句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的名詞性從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺成分，故要用that引導(dǎo)。8The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津，11)Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 答案B解析考查同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：經(jīng)理提了個(gè)建議我們應(yīng)雇個(gè)助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后的同位語從句用來解釋說明suggestion的具體內(nèi)容，從句中不缺成分且意義完整，故選B項(xiàng)。診斷報(bào)告考向?qū)?yīng)題號(hào)我的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)1 what和that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 3,72 同位語從句83 whether和if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 64when，where，how，why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1,25“疑問詞ever”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句4,5解題方法兩步定引導(dǎo)詞1確定是四種名詞性從句中的哪一種(根據(jù)從句在整個(gè)句子中的作用確定)2劃分從句的句子成分，理解句意，選擇正確的連接詞。(1)當(dāng)名詞性從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語時(shí)，使用連接代詞。(2)當(dāng)名詞性從句中主干齊全，根據(jù)句意判斷出缺少狀語時(shí)，使用連接副詞。(3)當(dāng)名詞性從句主干齊全，又不缺少狀語時(shí)，使用從屬連接詞引導(dǎo)?？键c(diǎn)1what和that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of it used to charge.(2017·江蘇，26)Athat BwhichCwhat Dhow答案C解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：我們選擇這家旅館，因?yàn)檫@里一晚的價(jià)格降到了20美元，這是它以前要價(jià)的一半。從句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位語，由此可知這里要用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語，同時(shí)what在賓語從句中又作charge的賓語，因此選C。2The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京，29)Awhat Bthat Cwhether Dwhy答案B解析考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰塵的襲擾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，is后的表語從句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故選B?？键c(diǎn)歸納1what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法：(1)表示“的東西或事情”： Theyve done what they can to help her.他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。(2)表示“的人或樣子”： He is no longer what he was.他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子了。 (3)表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”： The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“時(shí)間”： The young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩嚇得不敢說話，大概在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 (5)表示“的地方”： In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。 2what 與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語、表語、賓語、同位語從句。what 可在從句中用作主語、賓語或表語，意為“什么”或“所的”，而 that 僅起連接作用，本身沒有實(shí)際意義，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分(引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)通常可以省略，如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語從句，第一個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。(1)He doesnt know what she likes.他不知道她喜歡什么。(2)I believe (that) he will come to see us.我相信他會(huì)來看我們的?？键c(diǎn)2同位語從句After investigation，the police found out one clue voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhose 答案C 解析句意為：在調(diào)查之后，警察發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條線索，那天有人聽到遠(yuǎn)處某個(gè)地方傳來了呼救聲。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，從句意義、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)，補(bǔ)充說明one clue的具體內(nèi)容?？键c(diǎn)歸納判斷是同位語從句還是定語從句可以用“加詞”的方法，即在名詞和從句之間加入一個(gè)be動(dòng)詞，如果句子意思成立，則是同位語從句，否則是定語從句。(1)The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位語從句) 會(huì)議不得不推遲的通知是真的。The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.(2)The notice that he read just now was true.(定語從句)他剛才讀的那則通知是真的。考點(diǎn)3whether和if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.Awhether BwhenCwhich Dwhere答案A解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：老汽車站是否應(yīng)該被一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的賓館代替仍然在討論之中。由or not可知此處應(yīng)用連接詞whether。whether.or not意為“是否”?？键c(diǎn)歸納whether和if在動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中經(jīng)?？梢曰Q，但下列情況常用whether，不用if：(1)從句作介詞的賓語時(shí)；(2)與or或or not連用時(shí)；(3)引導(dǎo)主語從句、且位于句首時(shí)；(4)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)。(1)I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.我并不知道他是否參加音樂會(huì)。(動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可用if代替whether)(2)Im interested in whether youve finished the work.我對你是否完成了這項(xiàng)工作感興趣。(介詞后的賓語從句中，不可以用if代替whether)(3)It remains to be seen whether this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.這個(gè)計(jì)劃是否足夠?qū)嵱?，以使這個(gè)項(xiàng)目繼續(xù)下去還有待觀察。(主語從句，不可用if代替whether)(4)The question is whether it is worth trying.問題是它值不值得一試。(表語從句，不可用if代替whether)(5)The question whether the work was worth doing has not been decided.這項(xiàng)工作是否值得做的問題還有待定論。(同位語從句，不可用if代替whether)考點(diǎn)4when，where，how，why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.(2017·北京，26)Awhy BwhereChow Dwhen答案B解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：簡沿著綠樹成蔭的街道漫無目的地走著，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why為什么；how怎樣；when什么時(shí)候。2 we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京，35)AWhere BHowCWhy DWhen答案B解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：我們怎樣理解事物與我們所感覺到的東西有很大關(guān)系。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“ we understand things”為主語從句，結(jié)合句意可知選B。3 Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015·江蘇，25)AThat BWhyCWhere DHow答案C解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：李白，一個(gè)偉大的中國詩人，其出生地是眾所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它?！癢here Li Bai.was born”作該句子的主語，表示“李白出生的地方”?？键c(diǎn)歸納1who，why，how，where，when等在從句中既作特定的成分，又有具體的含義，不能省略。大多數(shù)連接副詞表示疑問意義，引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，常用it作形式主語。2能接以上詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句的動(dòng)詞很多，常見的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。3以上詞可引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。(1)Who will be chosen as the best singer has not been decided.誰將被選為最佳歌手還沒有決定。(2)It never occurred to me how tough it was to begin a new life in a strange city.我從來也沒有想過在一個(gè)陌生的城市開始新生活是多么困難。(3)I dont know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.我不知道到底為什么我們的校長缺席如此重要的會(huì)議。(4)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“Thats where I was born.” 奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說：“那就是我出生的地方?！笨键c(diǎn)5“疑問詞-ever”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.(2016·北京，24)AHowever BWhoeverCWhatever DWherever答案C解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：你們的支持對我們的工作很重要，無論你們做什么都會(huì)有幫助。從句動(dòng)詞do需要賓語，且引導(dǎo)主語從句，故用whatever，表示“無論什么”。2Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014·北京，33)Awhatever BwheneverCwherever Dhowever答案A解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。believe后是賓語從句且從句中缺少主語，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whatever可以作主語?？键c(diǎn)歸納whichever，whatever，whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，它們本身有詞義，既有連接從句的作用，又在從句中作特定的成分，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，意為“無論，不管”。(1)The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂部將給獲勝者獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。(賓語從句)(2)Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.任何想要實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)的人，都必須一步一步地走。(主語從句)1I suspect Emily was lying when she described the incident，for I know her well.(2018·南通、泰州一調(diào)，32)Awhether BthatCwhat Dhow答案B解析suspect為“懷疑，猜疑”，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，描述的是一件事，用that。I suspect that.我懷疑。根據(jù)句意“我懷疑艾米莉描述這個(gè)事件時(shí)在說謊”。故選that。2Now my hometown is not at all a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect.Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhere答案B解析句意為：現(xiàn)在我的家鄉(xiāng)不再是十年前來參觀的游客所想象的那樣了。通過分析句子可知，who visited it ten years ago為修飾a traveler的定語從句，what充當(dāng)expect的賓語，引導(dǎo)整個(gè)句子what a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect作is的表語。3You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of you think your real interests lie.(2018·鹽城中學(xué)段考，30)Athat Bwhat Cwhere Dhow答案C解析句意為：你應(yīng)當(dāng)首先開發(fā)你的天賦，了解自己，以便于列出一個(gè)你認(rèn)為你真正的興趣所在的地方的名單。此處為where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作為介詞of的賓語，同時(shí)where在賓語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故選C。4The best student of the year shared his experience of he had managed to achieve excellence in his preparation for the College Entrance Examination.(2018·南京高淳區(qū)、淮海中學(xué)、鹽城中學(xué)、淳輝高中等97校聯(lián)考，32)Aif BhowCwhat Dthat答案B解析if是否；how如何；what什么；that無實(shí)意。句意為：今年最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生分享了他在準(zhǔn)備高考時(shí)如何做到優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)歷。此處表示如何取得優(yōu)秀的，故選B。5 says that school years are the best time of ones life is probably an adultone whos forgotten the hard work of being at school.(2018·無錫高三上期中，35)AWhatever BWhicheverCWhomever DWhoever答案D解析句意為：任何說上學(xué)時(shí)期是一個(gè)人一生中最好的時(shí)光的可能是一個(gè)成年人一個(gè)已經(jīng)忘了在學(xué)校艱苦學(xué)習(xí)的人。這里用whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句指代人。故選D。6Failure is part of life；its wrong for parents to protect their children from the knowledge they have failed.(2018·丹陽中學(xué)等三校聯(lián)考，30)Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dhow答案C解析句意為：失敗是生活的一部分；父母保護(hù)孩子免遭他們已經(jīng)失敗的傷害是錯(cuò)誤的。此處是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，說明knowledge的內(nèi)容。故選C。7Since livestreaming platforms are much of our economys value is created，anything that improves them matters a lot for the new economys overall health.(2018·鎮(zhèn)江高三上期末，26)Awhen Bwhere Cwhat Dthat答案B解析平臺(tái)是一個(gè)虛擬的地點(diǎn)，即在這個(gè)平臺(tái)上可以。故選where。8A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not ships are built for.Awhat BthatCwhy Dhow答案A解析句意為：船停在港口里是很安全的，但是這不是造船的目的。這里是表語從句，表語從句中for缺少賓語，故用what連接表語從句。that連接表語從句的時(shí)候，不作成分；why為什么；how怎么。9The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year?Yes.Thats I have compromised with the flat owner.(2017·南通、揚(yáng)州、泰州、淮安三模，32)Awhat BwhereChow Dwhen答案B解析句意為：我們公寓的租金今年會(huì)漲20%？是的。那就是我對房東妥協(xié)的地方。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用where作地點(diǎn)狀語。故選B項(xiàng)。10The problem he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017·南京三模，23)Ahow BwhetherCthat Dwhen答案B解析句意為：他將在國內(nèi)還是國外讀大學(xué)，這個(gè)問題仍未提及。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是同位語從句，用來解釋說明problem。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)符合語境。專題強(qiáng)化練(八).單項(xiàng)填空1Despite difficulties，we must bear in mind we set this goal，stick to it and move forward regardless.(2018·揚(yáng)州高三上期中，33)Athat BwhyCwhen Dwhere答案B解析句意為：盡管困難重重，但我們必須牢記，我們?yōu)槭裁匆贫ㄟ@個(gè)目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)持到底，不動(dòng)搖地向前走。why在從句中作原因狀語。根據(jù)題意，故選B。2World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away，and there are many things still to be done.(2018·常熟中學(xué)抽測，34)Awhich BwhatCthat D/答案C解析句意為：世界艾滋病日也提醒我們，艾滋病毒沒有消失，還有許多事情要做。句中remind的間接賓語從句有兩句，一句是艾滋病毒沒有離我們而去，另一句就是還有很多事要做。and后的從句與前面一句that HIV has not gone away并列，從句成分及句意完整，且兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語從句中，第一個(gè)從句引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略，其余的均不能省略，故此句同樣用that引導(dǎo)。故選C。3He finds his daughter is quite different from she was five years ago.Awho BwhatChow Dwhich答案B解析句意為：他覺得女兒與五年前有很大不同。what引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞from的賓語。what在從句中作she was的表語。在名詞性從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主、表和賓語用what，而不用that。who也可以作表語，但who是“誰”的意思。句意不是“與五年前她是誰有很大不同”而是“與五年前她是什么樣有很大不同”，根據(jù)語法和句意，本題只能用what。4Shes is known as a nosy personshe is always dying to know whats going on in others lives.Awhat BwhoCwhich Dthat答案A解析句意為：她是一個(gè)愛打聽閑事的人。what引導(dǎo)表語從句，同時(shí)在表語從句中作主語。故選A。5Push yourself to go beyond your comfort zone because thats life truly does begin.(2018·鎮(zhèn)江高三上期中，33)Awhat BwhereCwhich Dwhose答案B解析句意為：強(qiáng)迫自己走出你的舒適區(qū)，因?yàn)檫@才是生活真正開始的地方。引導(dǎo)表語從句，并在從句中作狀語，指“的地方”。故選B。6The infrastructure of a country is makes everything run well，including things like transport，irrigation，electricity and schools.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，22)Awhich BthatCwhere Dwhat答案D解析句意為：一個(gè)國家的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是使得一切能正常運(yùn)行的東西，包括交通、灌溉、電和學(xué)校之類的東西。is后是一個(gè)表語從句，從句缺少主語，指物，且沒有范圍限制，用what。故選D項(xiàng)。7Ive come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is they have food in their mouths.(2017·南京、鹽城一模，30)Ahow BthatCwhether Dwhen答案D解析句意為：我已經(jīng)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到與家人辯論的最佳時(shí)間是他們的嘴里有食物的時(shí)候。分析句子成分可知，系動(dòng)詞is后面是表語從句。從句中缺少狀語，結(jié)合句意可知when符合題意。8Learning must bring joy，for we never forget we learn with pleasure.(2017·蘇州調(diào)研，26)Awhen BwhatChow Dwhere答案B解析句意為：學(xué)習(xí)一定要帶來快樂，因?yàn)槲覀冇肋h(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們樂意學(xué)的東西。分析句子成分可知，動(dòng)詞forget的后面為賓語從句，在賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞learn的后面缺少賓語，結(jié)合句意可知what符合題意。9What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success? he keeps focusing on what he is doing.(2017·南通一模，34)ABecause BHowCWhether DThat答案D解析句意為：你認(rèn)為是什么促成了他巨大的成功？他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空處所在句可知，該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)、意義完整，用that引導(dǎo)主語從句，從句中what he is doing 為賓語從句。故選D項(xiàng)。10Hard work，along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee to success，which is we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模，32)Athat BwhereCwhat Dhow答案C解析句意為：艱苦奮斗以及甘于奉獻(xiàn)的革命精神是取得成功的根本保障，這是我們應(yīng)該從參加長征的先輩身上學(xué)習(xí)的東西。分析句子成分可知，系動(dòng)詞is的后面為表語從句，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞learn的后面缺少賓語，結(jié)合句意可知what符合題意。11They have little idea the project will work out as planned；anyway they are determined to push ahead with it.Awhether BwhenCthat Dhow答案A解析句意為：他們不知道這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能否產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果，但無論如何他們都下定決心要向前推進(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，空處在句中引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明idea的內(nèi)容，且空處在句中表示“是否”，故需用連接詞whether來引導(dǎo)該同位語從句。12It is a frequent situation faced by contemporary people they have to move to a new place because of the requirement of work.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhether答案A解析句意為：由于工作要求而不得不搬到新地方是現(xiàn)代人常常遇到的情況。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it在句中作形式主語，空處所引導(dǎo)的從句才是真正的主語，且從句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)都完整，故應(yīng)用that來引導(dǎo)該主語從句。13As I opened my eyes，in direction I looked，I could see smiling，peaceful，calm and content faces.(2016·南通調(diào)研，34)Awhatever BhoweverCwhichever Dwherever答案C解析句意為：當(dāng)我睜開眼的時(shí)候，無論往哪個(gè)方向看，我都能看到微笑、安寧、平靜和滿足的臉龐。in 為介詞，后面是賓語從句，根據(jù)句意用whichever表示“無論哪一個(gè)方向”，故C正確。14The rising house prices in most cities have aroused concerns among young migrant workers they cant afford themselves a house.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期中，29)Awhether BwhereCwhat Dthat答案D解析句意為：大多數(shù)城市房價(jià)的上漲引起了年輕農(nóng)民工的擔(dān)憂，他們無力負(fù)擔(dān)自己的房子。從句解釋說明concerns，且成分完整，故填that來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。15 Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mum can ensure him warm meals.(2018·蘇北七市聯(lián)考，25)AThat BWhenCWhether DHow答案B解析句意為：杰克放學(xué)后何時(shí)到家是被計(jì)算好的，這樣的話媽媽可以保證他能吃到熱飯。根據(jù)句意可知，為了保證他能吃上熱飯，因此被計(jì)算的是杰克到家的時(shí)間，應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)主語從句，故選B項(xiàng)。.閱讀理解AAcross the country，school reformers are pushing for the expansion of publicly funded early education.Here are a few books that offer insights into the effort：The Most Important Year：Pre-Kindergarten and the Future of Our Children(2017)In this review of the state of early education，Suzanne Bouffard looks at the issue from a historical and practical angle.She visits programs in Boston，New Jersey and Washington to explore what effective models and strategies are being employed in classrooms.She also speaks to parents about finding the right schools，which sets an example for many real-life parents.The Importance of Being Little：What Young Children Really Need from Grownups (2016)This books writer，Erika Christakis argues that parents have forgotten what its like to be children and，therefore，have been misguided in their approach to giving children what they need，“adultifying” them and their surroundings.In this book，she expresses agreement with the widely accepted argument that toddlers(學(xué)步的兒童) need free play，and adds that we have mixed learning with schooling，ignoring the ways in which children learn outside of a classroom.The Good School：How Smart Parents Get Their Kids the Education They Deserve(2011)Peg Tyres book will be useful to parents trying to pick the right preschool for their children.Rather than rely on test scores and other quantitative data，she suggests observing the relationship teachers have with their students and making sure they devote as much time to free play periods as they do to direct instruction.The experience of the teacher also matters.16Who are most likely the target readers of those three books?AOfficials who aim at school reforms.BChildren who will attend a preschool.CParents who care about early education.DTeachers who lack experience in educating kids.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)三本書的書名和其相關(guān)的內(nèi)容概述，尤其是“which sets an example for many real-life parents”“parents have forgotten”以及“Peg Tyres book will be useful to parents”等提示可知，這三本書主要的目標(biāo)讀者應(yīng)是關(guān)心孩子早期教育的父母，故選C。17What point does Erika Christakis make in her book?AFree play does kids more harm than good.BParents attach less value to early education.CTeachers teaching efficiency needs improving.DKids learning shouldnt be limited in classrooms.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Importance of Being Little：What Young Children Really Need from Grownups (2016)部分中的“This books writer，Erika Christakis”“adds that we have mixed learning with schooling，ignoring the ways in which children learn outside of a classroom”可知，Erika Christakis認(rèn)為在兒童教育中人們把兒童的學(xué)習(xí)與學(xué)校教育混在一塊兒，忽視了兒童在教室之外的學(xué)習(xí)方式，言外之意便是兒童的學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)該只局限在教室內(nèi)。BWe spend a lot of time on our mobile devices these days and automakers have taken note，rolling out connected cars that make it easy to do nearly everything from your phone.“We all enjoy those kinds of experiences where you want something and by the push of a button everything gets taken care of for you.You dont have to go here and there and piece a bunch of things together by yourself，”said Jim Buczkowski，director of Ford electronics systems.He recently introduced FordPass，a mobile platform that lets car owners access services like finding and paying for a parking spot.“Heres the detail of what charges will be，and then I submit，and then I receive a QR photo allowing my entry to that parking location，” said he.At Buick，the OnStar RemoteLink app connects owners to their cars no matter how far away they are.“This car in Detroit，I could start from here in New York.Or let us say I have the only key to it and my wife in Detroit needs to get in the car，I can unlock it for her from here，” said Stuart Fowle, manager of Buick communications.The feature，in fact，harnesses the cars 4G LTE connectivity.Up to seven mobile devices can connect to it at any given time.“We want people to feel as if they were at home within the car，which a lot of people want to be in just for the driving experience，now they can be in there，and even the passengers can be in there as well for the connectivity experience，” explained Rob Peterson，marketing manager for Buick crossovers.But what does that connectivity mean for your privacy？It is important to have personal information to create that individualized，personalized experience, but certainly it will be a consumers option.For certain consumers，it may not even be an issue.There certainly is a factor where a younger consumer is much more comfortable giving up a lot more privacy and data than an older consumer is，and more likely than not，you are going to see a behavior similar to how they handle their personal privacy within the vehicle.Considering how capable our mobile devices have become，perhaps the only question left to answer is：“Whos driving？”語篇解讀由于移動(dòng)設(shè)備的廣泛應(yīng)用，汽車制造商推出了車載移動(dòng)設(shè)備，這使得車主通過手機(jī)上的應(yīng)用程序就可與汽車本身取得聯(lián)系。18What do Jims words intend to prove?AThe popularity of FordPass.BThe advanced technology FordPass adopts.CThe convenience of FordPass.DThe huge economic benefits FordPass creates.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“We all enjoy those kinds of experiences.You dont have to go here and there and piece a bunch of things together by yourself”可知，Jim Buczkowski敘述了人們的客觀需求；再結(jié)合下文的“Heres the detail of what charges will be，and then I submit，and then I receive a QR photo allowing my entry to that parking location”可知，Jim Buczkowski繼而闡述了FordPass的操作細(xì)節(jié)，突出了其便利的特點(diǎn)。由此可推知，Jim Buczkowski所說的話是為了表明FordPass的便利性。故選C。19Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “harnesses” in Paragraph 4?AEmploys. BControls.CReplaces. DPrevents.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文中的“Up to seven mobile devices can connect to it at any given time.”可推知，畫線詞所在句表示的是這一特點(diǎn)實(shí)際上利用了汽車的4G LTE連接功能。employ意為“使用，采用”，符合語境，故選A。20What can we infer about the connectivity from the last but one paragraph?AOlder drivers commonly go against it.BDrivers should attach value to t