Unit 2 English around the world .閱讀理解A(2017·浙江)FLORENCE,Italy Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt.The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly,but in order to stay shes had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits,or in some cases,citizenship.Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs,such measures will become a more vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合).Others say its only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation,seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants,and some terms are even tougher.The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.Italy,which has a much weaker tradition of immigration,has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.In 1990,immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italys then 56.7 million people,or about 2 percent.At the start of this year,foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million,or 7.5 percent,with immigrants children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.Cojochru,the Moldovan caregiver,hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住權) would help her bring her two children to Italy;they live with her sister in Moldova,where salaries are among the lowest in Europe.She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider,even though shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently,she said.【語篇導讀】本文報道了意大利最近采取的一項限制移民的措施,即要求移民通過一項語言考試來獲得工作條件,甚至居民身份。1.Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?A.To continue to stay in Italy.B.To teach her children Italian.C.To find a better job in Italy.D.To better mix with the Italians.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“.in order to stay shes had to prove her language skills by taking a test.” 可知她參加考試的原因是證明自己的語言技能從而能繼續(xù)留在意大利,故A項正確。2.Some people worry that the new language requirement may . A.reduce Italys population quicklyB.cause conflicts among peopleC.lead to financial difficultiesD.put pressure on schools答案B解析推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs,such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration.”可知,糟糕的經濟狀況已經讓本土人很難保住工作,而這樣一項措施使得移民壓力變大,可能會導致排外而不是融合,故B項正確。3.What do we know about Cojochru?A.She lives with her sister now in Italy.B.She enjoys learning the Italian language.C.She speaks Italian well enough for her job.D.She wishes to go back to her home country.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“.shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently.”可知,她能熟練地講意大利語,故C項正確。B項在文中未提到;A、D兩項和文章倒數第二段內容矛盾。BGrown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle,twinkle,little star and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks and the Three Bears.We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突擊學習)for an examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for ones future development.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了成年人對小時候學會的東西會記憶猶新,這是之前重復學習、過度學習的結果。作者認為重復學習、過度學習有其一定的優(yōu)點。4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D.Stories for children are easy to remember.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據文章第一段第一句“Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知,第一段講的是人們對小時候學會的東西記得很好,盡管從那以后再也沒有練習過。故選A項。B項“孩子比成年人的記憶力好”,C項“讀詩是學單詞的好方法”和D項“兒童故事容易記住”在文中均沒有提及。5.The author explains the law of overlearning by . A.presenting research findingsB.setting down general rulesC.making a comparisonD.using examples答案D解析推理判斷題。根據文章第二、三段可知,作者是在結合具體的例子來闡述自己的觀點。故選D項。A項“展示調查結果”,B項“制定通用規(guī)則”和C項“作比較”在文中均沒有表現出來。6.According to the author,being able to use multiplication tables is . A.a result of overlearningB.a special case of crammingC.a skill to deal with math problemsD.a basic step towards advanced studies答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段中的“.because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”可知,能夠使用乘法口訣表是童年時期過度學習的結果。故選A項。B項“一個突擊學習的特例”,C項“一項處理數學問題的技能”和D項“一個邁向高等教育的基本步驟”在文中均沒有提及。7.What is the authors opinion on cramming?A.It leads to failure in college exams.B.Its helpful only in a limited way.C.Its possible to result in poor memory.D.It increases students learning interest.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段第二句“By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知,突擊學習或許會使學生把一門課程學得足以通過考試,但是他很快就會忘記幾乎全部的所學內容,因此突擊學習的作用是有限的。故選B項。由文章最后一段第一、二句可知,突擊學習會讓學生通過考試,故A項“它導致大學考試不及格”錯誤,C項“它可能導致記憶力不好”和D項“它會提高學生的學習興趣”在文中均沒有提及。.七選五(2018·浙江)Some people are so rude.Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”?Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you?Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet?1. Maybe Im the rude one for not appreciating lifes little courtesies (禮節(jié)).But many social norms (規(guī)范) just dont make sense to people drowning in digital communication.Take the thank-you note.Daniel Post Senning,a coauthor of Emily Posts Etiquette,asked,“At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?”2. Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages.In texts,you dont have to declare who you are or even say hello.E-mail,too,is slower than a text.The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail. This isnt the first time technology has changed our manners.3. Alexander Graham Bell,the inventor,suggested that people say,“Ahoy!” Finally,hello won out,and the victory sped up the greetings use in face-to-face communications. In the age of the smart phone,there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast,a businesss phone number,or directions to a house,a restaurant,or an office,which can be easily found on a digital map.4. And when you answer,they respond with a thank-you e-mail. How to handle these differing standards?Easy:Consider your audience.Some people,especially older ones,appreciate a thank-you message.5. In traditional societies,the young learn from the old.But in modern societies,the old can also learn from the young.Heres hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do. A.Then there is voice mail.B.Others,like me,want no reply.C.But people still ask these things.D.Dont these people realize that theyre wasting your time?E.Wont new technology bring about changes in our daily life?F.Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.G.When the telephone was invented,people didnt know how to greet a caller.答案與解析【語篇導讀】本文主要介紹了關于智能手機時代仍然需要禮貌的話題。1.D根據上一句“Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet?”可知,這么容易在網絡上找到的信息,何必需要再來問別人呢?所以選D項“這些人難道沒有意識到他們在浪費你的時間嗎?”2.A根據“.to listen to.The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.”可知,更煩人的是語音信息,故選A項。3.G由上文提到的“.the first time technology”和下文提到的“Alexander Graham Bell,the inventor”可知,最初電話發(fā)明的時候,人們不知道如何通過電話打招呼,故選G項。4.C由“.no reason to ask once-acceptable questions”和下文的“.when you answer.”可知,智能手機時代,人們還在問類似簡單的問題,所以選C項。5.B根據該段“.Some people.”等知,很多人,特別是老年人,希望能得到感謝的信息,但還有些人并不一定需要回應,所以選B項。.語篇填空(2018·吉林長春一模)Jin Hanmiao,a first grader from China,received a reply letter from Buckingham Palace 1.(recent) after writing to introduce the China-Britain express railway service. The letter is based 2. the 19-day journey of the first China-U.K.freight(貨運)train.3.(see) the news of its return to Yiwu,Jins mother encouraged him to write about it and then send the letter to Queen Elizabeth . In his letter,Jin introduced 4.(he) and Yiwu,as well as his hope 5. the Queen would appreciate 6.(tradition) Chinese culture.He also expressed his interest in the U.K.,after mentioning some British famous persons and places including Isaac Newton,Charles Darwin,and the British Museum.He then sent his letter to the Queen. Jins mother helped translate the letter into English,and sent both the original letter and the translation to London on May 8.Two months 7.(late),a reply from Buckingham Palace 8.(receive).The letter talked about the living and working conditions of the Queen at 9. early age,and included a detailed 10.(introduce) of the Palace. 答案與解析【語篇導讀】這篇短文介紹一個中國小學生致信英國女王伊麗莎白二世,兩個月后收到白金漢宮回信的事。1.recently考查副詞。根據語境可知,Jin Hanmiao在寫了中國英國高速鐵路服務后,收到了一封來自白金漢宮的回信。此空在句中修飾謂語received,應用副詞。故填recently。2.on考查介詞。句意:這封信是有關跋涉19天的中英貨運列車。be based on“根據,以為基礎”。故填on。3.Seeing考查動詞-ing形式。句意:在看到列車返回義烏的新聞后,金漢邈的母親鼓勵他就此寫封信寄給女王伊麗莎白二世。此處是分詞做狀語,根據邏輯主語Jins mother與see構成主謂關系可知,應用動詞-ing形式做狀語。故填Seeing。4.himself考查代詞。句意:在他的信中,金介紹了自己和義烏,以及他希望女王能欣賞中國傳統文化。此處意思為自我介紹,故填himself。5.that考查連詞。根據句意及句子結構分析,設空處后面是同位語從句,可知答案為that。6.traditional考查形容詞。根據句意可知此處表示“傳統中國文化”,故填traditional。7.later考查副詞。根據語境可知寄出信兩個月后收到回信,故填later。8.was received考查被動語態(tài)。句意:兩個月后,他們收到了白金漢宮的回信。根據句子結構可知,receive與主語a reply之間是被動關系,并且根據短文時態(tài)判斷用一般過去時,主語是單數第三人稱。故填was received。9.an考查冠詞。句意:信中提到了早年女王的生活和工作條件,并詳細介紹了王室的情況。at an early age是固定搭配,表示“早年間”,early讀音以元音音素開頭,前面用不定冠詞an。10.introduction考查名詞。此處表示對王室的詳細介紹,應用名詞做賓語。故填introduction。6