第四課時動詞和動詞短語李仕才感 悟 高 考1.Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _， get married, and have kids.(2017·天津卷)A.settled down B.keep offC.get up D.cut in答案A句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來，結(jié)婚生子。A.安頓下來；B.遠(yuǎn)離；C起床；D.插嘴。根據(jù)句意，故選A。2. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.(2017·江蘇卷)A.shape B.switch C.stretch D.sharpen答案AA.shape塑造，決定的形成，影響的發(fā)展；B.switch轉(zhuǎn)變，交換，調(diào)班；C.stretch拉長，拉緊，伸展，伸長，延伸消耗；D.sharpen提高，使尖銳，變得清晰。句意：快速回顧一年的成敗將會決定來年的發(fā)展。故選A。3.Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江蘇卷)A.held out B.brought outC.picked out D.given out答案Bheld out堅持；提供機會；伸出手；brought out使顯現(xiàn)，闡明，出版；picked out使容易看見，找出精心挑選，認(rèn)出來；given out用完，停止運行，分發(fā)，發(fā)出，公布。句意：在非洲同醫(yī)療隊一起工作已經(jīng)使她表現(xiàn)出了作為醫(yī)生最好的一面。這里取“使顯現(xiàn)”之意，故選B。4.Parents should actively urge their children to _ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江蘇卷)A.gain admission to B.keep track ofC.take advantage of D.give rise to答案C句意：父母應(yīng)該積極地督促孩子利用加入體育隊的機會。C項take advantage of意為“利用”，符合語境。gain admission to進入；keep track of記錄，與保持聯(lián)系；give rise to使發(fā)生。5.He did not _ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江蘇卷)A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicate答案C句意：他不會輕易妥協(xié)，但樂意接受對一項崇高事業(yè)的任何建設(shè)性意見。C項compromise意為“妥協(xié)”，符合語境。approach接近，靠近；wrestle摔跤，扭打；communicate溝通，交流。要 點 精 析一、動詞詞義辨析動詞包括連系動詞、及物動詞和不及物動詞、持續(xù)性動詞與非持續(xù)性動詞，是高考考查的重點，無論是單項填空還是完形填空等題型中，動詞辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趨勢。動詞辨析主要指：1.詞形相近的動詞之間的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat等。2.意義相近的動詞之間的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。3.動詞與其他詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past等。4.意義不同但容易混淆的動詞的辨析。如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find等。5.某些常用動詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。6.某些常用動詞短語的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up等。二、易混動詞的辨析1.lay(放)，lie(躺)與lie(說謊)，這三個易混動詞構(gòu)成見下表：原形過去式過去分詞lay放，擱；下蛋；產(chǎn)卵laidlaidlie躺；位于laylainlie說謊liedlied2.rise和raise：rise是不及物動詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動詞，是規(guī)則動詞。3.hang的用法：hang有兩個意思：一為“懸掛”，是不規(guī)則動詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為“絞刑”，是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。4.sit與seat：seat為及物動詞時作“容納”講，sit只是表示一個動作；seat表示“就座”時要用be seated或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair.5.win與beat：win作“勝、贏”講時其后應(yīng)接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含義。如：I have won him.即“我已說服他了，我贏得了他的好感?！倍鴅eat是及物動詞，意為“擊敗、勝過”，直接接人、物。6.lost，gone與missing：作補足語或表語時意為“丟失、不見了”，可以用lost，gone，但不能用missed，而要用missing。三、動詞短語辨析短語動詞是由動詞與介詞、名詞或副詞結(jié)合在一起而組成的。有些短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，有些則相當(dāng)于不及物動詞。1.動詞副詞break down 壞掉；分解；垮下來break up 打碎；分解；分手bring down 使降低，使下降come out 出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是cut down 砍倒；削減get over 克服make out 辨認(rèn)出put away 收起；儲存set aside 拔出；置于一旁set off 出發(fā)，引爆take off 起飛，騰飛；脫掉take over 接管turn out 結(jié)果是，證明是turn down 拒絕，把音量開小work out 解出，進展順利，鍛煉身體figure out 弄清，搞明白Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.傳統(tǒng)上，大學(xué)生在開始他們的人生旅途之前會舉行畢業(yè)典禮來鼓勵自己。Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在災(zāi)難中癱瘓的時候，老式電話起到重要作用。名師點津“動詞副詞”搭配構(gòu)成的短語，其賓語若為代詞，應(yīng)放在動詞與副詞中間。如put it on, think it over。2.動詞介詞break into 破門而入believe in 信任begin with 以開始come across 偶然碰到depend on 依靠go through 從穿過see to 處理come to 共計look into 調(diào)查set about 著手做bring about 引起，導(dǎo)致agree with 同意，適合Im so glad youve come here to see to this matter in person.我很高興你親自來這里處理此事。You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.你氣色很好，我想三亞的空氣和海鮮肯定適合你。3.動詞副詞介詞add up to 加起來；總共break away from 躲開；脫離catch up with 趕上；超過do away with 廢除go in for 從事；參加put up with 忍受，容忍get along (on) with 與相處；進展keep out of 使不進入look forward to 盼望live up to 達到；不辜負(fù)get down to 著手做come up with 想出，提出look up to 尊敬get across to 使明白，使清楚He will have to find some other work, for he cant put up with this loud noise any more.他必須找其他工作，因為他再也無法忍受這么大的噪音。A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.一個好的演講者應(yīng)該讓聽眾明白他所表達的含義。4.動詞名詞介詞catch sight of 突然發(fā)現(xiàn)make use of 利用pay attention to 注意take notice of 注意到take the place of 代替take part in 參加take pride in 為自豪m(xù)ake sense of 理解take advantage of 利用make room for 為騰出空間keep up with 與保持聯(lián)系James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.(2010·天津卷)為給電視機騰出空間，吉姆把雜志從這張小桌子上拿走了。解 題 策 略1.詞義辨別法英語中有許多動詞，它們之間既有相同之處又有細(xì)微區(qū)別，很多動詞還一詞多義。正確分辨其差異是解題之關(guān)鍵，然后根據(jù)句意敲定答案。(1)The new movie_ to be one of the biggest money makers of all time.A.promises B.agreesC.pretends D.declines答案 Apromise除了表示“允諾，答應(yīng)”外，還有“有的希望”的意思；agree意為“同意，贊同”；pretend意為“假裝”；decline意為“衰老，衰退”。只有promises符合題意。句意：這部新電影有望成為有史以來最賺錢的影片之一。(2)Your house is always so neat how do you _it with three children?A.manage B.serveC.adapt D.construct答案Amanage it表示“設(shè)法做成某事”。serve 表示“為服務(wù)，接待”；adapt 表示“使適應(yīng)，使適合”；construct表示“建造，構(gòu)筑，構(gòu)思”。句意：你家里總是那么整潔家里有三個孩子，你是怎么做到的？2. 固定短語搭配法動詞短語的考查是高考重點考查的知識點，平時的學(xué)習(xí)中要注意積累常用動詞詞組，如由get，come，put break和give 構(gòu)成的動詞詞組，解題時要區(qū)分清選擇項的含義與區(qū)別，再聯(lián)系句意進行判斷，從而選出正確答案。(1)If the firms failed to make enough money，they would_.A.close down B.call offC.turn down D.set off答案Aclose down意為“關(guān)掉，封閉；停止，停業(yè)”，call off意為“取消(常常用于被動)”，turn down意為“拒絕”，set off意為“出發(fā)，動身”。句意：如果這些公司不能掙足夠的錢，它們將停業(yè)。(2)It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly_ my friend.A.turn out B.bring outC.call out D.pick out答案D turn out意為“結(jié)果是；證明是”，bring out意為“拿出；取出，闡明，出產(chǎn)；出版，說出，了解到(真相、秘密)”，call out意為“出動、喚起”，pick out意為“挑選出；揀出，辨認(rèn)出”。根據(jù)句意選D。句意：電影院里太暗，我?guī)缀醣嬲J(rèn)不出我的朋友。針 對 訓(xùn) 練1.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than _ us.(2016·浙江卷)A.divide B.rejectC.control D.abandon答案A句意：當(dāng)我們學(xué)會求同存異，而非對立分歧(divide us)時，我們會收獲頗多。由語境可知該空要填unite的反義詞divide。reject拒絕；control控制；abandon拋棄。2.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津卷)A.gave voice to B.kept an eye onC.turned a deaf ear to D.set foot on答案A句意：瑪麗在討論初期保持了沉默，但最終還是提出了對這一話題的看法。gave voice to意為“表達對的想法”，符合語境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to對充耳不聞；set foot on進入，參觀。3.I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to _ a conversation with her.(2016·天津卷)A.carry on B.break intoC.turn down D.cut off答案A句意：我討厭工作時她給我打電話我一直很忙，沒時間與她進行談話。carry on意為“進行，繼續(xù)”，符合語境。break into打斷，闖入；turn down調(diào)低，拒絕；cut off停止，中斷。4.Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.(2016·天津卷)A.put B.make C.take D.give答案C句意：我打算利用這次觀光機會來探究這座城堡的歷史。take advantage of是固定搭配，意為“利用”，符合語境，故選C。5.If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to_on the sea？(2015·浙江卷)A.float B.drownC.shrink D.split答案A句意：如果鐵比水重，為什么船能夠_在海面上？float浮，漂??；drown(使)淹死，淹沒；shrink(使)縮小，(使)收縮；split(使)裂開，(使)斷裂。根據(jù)常識可知，船是“漂浮(float)”在海面上的，故選A。6.In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to _ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北卷)A.whisper B.signalC.declare D.complain答案B句意：為了不讓別人聽到自己的聲音，她豎起手指示意有人正在樓上走動。根據(jù)題干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是豎起手指示意，并沒有出聲。signal意為“示意”，符合語境。whisper低語；declare宣布；complain抱怨。7.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.(江蘇卷)A.remember B.remindC.recover D.recall答案D句意：傳說端午節(jié)的起源是為了_屈原的靈魂。remember記??；remind提醒，使回想起，可構(gòu)成固定搭配remind sb of sth；recover使恢復(fù)，重新找回(丟失或被偷的東西)；recall召回(to tell sb to come back)，回想起。根據(jù)句意可知選D。8.If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to_ a hand.(2013·天津卷)A.lend B.shake C.wave D.want答案A句意：“如果你有麻煩，邁克總是愿意伸出援助之手。” lend a hand意為“伸出援助之手”，符合語境。shake a hand意為“握手”，wave a hand意為“揮手”，want a hand意為“需要幫忙”，均與句意不符。9.She_the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.(江西卷)A.connected B.fittedC.equipped D.matched答案D句意：她安裝了一些非常好看的窗簾，使之在顏色上與地毯相配。connect意為“連接”；fit意為“(使)適合”；equip意為“裝備，配備”；match意為“使相配，使相稱”。故D項符合語境。10.In much of the animal world, night is the time_for sleeppure and simple.(湖北卷)A.set aside B.set downC.set off D.set up答案A句意：在大多數(shù)動物世界里，夜晚就是完全用來睡覺的時間。pure and simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用來指某事只有唯一的原因。set aside表示“留出，抽出(時間等)”，符合語境。set down“寫下”；set off“出發(fā)，引起”；set up“建立”。11.A good listener takes part in the conversation，_ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.(浙江卷)A.realizing B.copyingC.offering D.misunderstanding答案Crealize意識到；copy效仿；offer提出，提供；misunderstand誤解。句意：一個好的傾聽者參與談話時，要發(fā)表觀點，提出問題，以保持談話順利進行。由句意可知選C。12.Butterflies_a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.(湖北卷)A.carry on B.feed onC.put on D.focus on答案Bcarry on“繼續(xù)”；feed on“吃，以為食”；put on“上演，穿/戴上”；focus on“聚焦于”。句意：蝴蝶以花卉產(chǎn)生的一種甜甜的液體為食，蜜蜂和別的昆蟲則采集這種液體。根據(jù)句意選B。13.Mother always complains that children_their shoes very quickly.(江西卷)A.find out B.wash outC.wear out D.set out答案Cfind out意為“查明”；wash out意為“洗凈”；wear out意為“用壞，穿破”；set out意為“動身，出發(fā)”。句意：媽媽總是抱怨孩子們很快就把鞋子穿爛了。根據(jù)語境判斷，C為最佳選項。14.Are the people optimistic about the talks between Palestine and Israel?Its hard to say.Much_ the outcome of the current peace talks.A.counts on B.takes onC.catches on D.turns on答案A句意：人們對巴勒斯坦與以色列之間的談判感到樂觀嗎？這很難說。目前和平談判的結(jié)果很重要。 count on意為“依靠，依賴”；take on意為“呈現(xiàn)，承擔(dān)，雇傭”；catch on意為“流行，受歡迎”；turn on意為“打開”。 10