Unit 5Music李仕才【短文語法填空】With the development of modern society and high technology, children wear more and more beautiful and fashionable clothes. More children 1 (allow) to choose their favorite clothes, which is 2 relatively new trend. Many years ago, children had to suffer the whims(突發(fā)奇想)of adults as far as clothes were concerned. Like 3 (adult) clothes, childrens clothes followed fashions as well. About 120 years 4 , boys in Europe and America wore white ankle-length dresses, just like their sisters, until they 5 (reach) the age of five. Older boys from wealthy 6 (family) were then dressed in pretty velvet(絲絨) suits 7 lace collars. Their hair was grown to shoulder length 8 longer. For many unlucky boys, these carefully planned and organized costumes were nor reserved for special occasions; they had to wear the same 9 (restrict)and uncomfortable outfits for everyday play. Clean and proper clothes say that the person has both self-respect and respect for other people. Clothing can tell quite a lot about the person, sometimes more than we would like to reveal. So we should pay more attention to 10 (wear) proper clothes in different occasions. 【文章大意】文章講述了在西方，孩子們服裝的發(fā)展，同時說明了著裝的注意事項(xiàng)。1.are allowed【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。文章講述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時；句子的主語More children與allow構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以此處用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填are allowed。2.a【解析】考查冠詞。此處指“一種比較新的趨勢”，relatively是輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。3.adults【解析】考查名詞。句意：如同成年人的衣服，孩子們的服裝也緊跟時尚。此處用名詞作定語。故填adults。4.ago【解析】考查副詞。“time+ago”指“多長時間之前”。故填ago。5.reached【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“About 120 years ago”可知，謂語用一般過去時態(tài)。故填reached。6.families【解析】考查名詞。此處指“來自富有家庭的大一點(diǎn)的男孩子”，根據(jù)事實(shí)邏輯，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。故填families。7.with8.or【解析】考查連詞。此處指“他們的頭發(fā)到達(dá)肩部或者更長一些”。故填or。9.restrictive【解析】考查形容詞。與uncomfortable相并列，此處用形容詞來修飾名詞outfits。故填restrictive。10.wearing【解析】考查非謂語。短語pay attention to中，to是介詞，后面跟名詞或動名詞。故填wearing。pretend vt.& vi.假裝；扮演pretend(教材原句)Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan?你唱卡拉OK時會假裝你是宋祖英或劉歡那樣的著名歌星嗎？She pretended she didnt know me when we met in the street.She pretended not_to_know (not know)me when we met in the street.我在街上見到她時，她裝作不認(rèn)識我。Jacy pretended to_have_known (know) everything about it and said nothing.杰西假裝已了解了一切，一句話也沒說。語境填詞As Tom wasnt interested in his lessons，whenever there was an exam，he would pretend to_be (be) ill.Last week，he pretended (pretend) a headache when the teacher was going to give a quiz.He pretended to_be_suffering (suffer) great pain during the quiz.An hour later，when the quiz was finished，he pretended to_have_recovered (recover)What a guy!attach vt.附上；系上；貼上；使依戀(1)attach.to.把固定/附在上attach importance/significance/value/weight/.to sth.認(rèn)為有重要性/意義/價值/分量attach to (使)與有聯(lián)系/關(guān)聯(lián)(2)attached adj.依戀；附屬于be attached to 附屬于；依戀(教材原句)To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.說實(shí)在的，許多人把名和利看得很重。China will not attach itself to any big power.中國不依附任何大國The hospital is_attached (attach) to the medical college.這家醫(yī)院附屬于這所醫(yī)學(xué)院。form n形狀，外形；表格vt.(使)組成；構(gòu)成；排列(1)form the habit of doing sth.get into/fall into the habit of doing sth.養(yǎng)成做某事的習(xí)慣form/set up a club 成立俱樂部(2)in the form of 以的形式be in/out of form 處于良好的/不良的狀態(tài)take the form of 采取的形式；表現(xiàn)為的狀態(tài)in any form 以任何形式fill in/out the form 填表格(教材原句)But just how do people form a band?但是人們是怎樣組成一個樂隊(duì)的呢？He was about to give up when a good idea began to_form (form) in his mind.他正要放棄，這時一個好主意在腦海中形成。語境填詞Two years ago Andy filled in a form and became a member on his city basketball team where he could receive formal (form) training.He practised hard and was in form，so he did win the respect of others.But last year he ate too much fat in the form of chocolate and ice cream and he became fatter and out of form.Therefore he was fired when the team decided to reform (form)，which made his former (form)fans quite disappointed.perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；執(zhí)行(1)perform the role of 扮演的角色perform an operation/a play 進(jìn)行手術(shù)/演一場戲perform ones duty/promise 盡某人的責(zé)任/履行某人的承諾(2)performance n執(zhí)行；表演；履行put on/give a performance 表演(3)performer n執(zhí)行者；表演者(教材原句)His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called“Top of the Pops”最令他感動的是受邀請參加做“頂級流行歌手”的電視節(jié)目。(2016·江蘇卷)Su Hua likes his cousin very much，but he finds other singers perform (performance) even better.蘇華很喜歡他的表弟，但是他發(fā)現(xiàn)其他的歌手表演得更好。The performer (perform) promised that he would perform his duty and would perform the experiment well according to the plan.As a result，he performed (perform) his promise.這位執(zhí)行者許諾說他將盡責(zé)按計(jì)劃做好實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果他履行了自己的諾言。單句語法填空(2017·全國卷)I watched as the ASL Club _performed (perform) their translation of a song. 【七選五】As warming continues，scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans across the planet could be more and more reduced，with serious consequences for the future of fish and other sea life. 1 One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer，it can hold less dissolved(溶解的)oxygen.The other reason is less obvious.The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surfaceeither from the atmosphere，or from photosynthesizing algae floating at the top of the sea. 2 Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter.That's because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting(融化)of glaciers，icebergs，and ice sheets. 3 The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will also make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still. 4 Instead，more of the oxygen will remain near the surface，where it will be used up by oxygen­breathing organisms.A low­oxygen ocean may become an inescapable feature of our planet.A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we could somehow reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100.They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall，until they declined by 30 percent.The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans，but even 100，000 years from now they will not have fully recovered. 5 AIt's not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced.BScientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen.CFresh water's inpouring will make the water at the ocean's surface lighter.DThe oxygen then spreads to the deep ocean as the surface water slowly sinks.EGlobal warming has caused the reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide.FThe light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ocean will get less oxygen.GIf they are right，we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章簡要介紹了海水中氧氣含量主要原因及其可能對海洋生物帶來的長期的影響。1B從文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，本空為段落主旨句。本段介紹了全球變暖使海洋含氧量降低的原因，并且“One”“The other reason”與B項(xiàng)中的“two reasons”相呼應(yīng)，故選B。2D根據(jù)段落主旨和空前的“The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface.at the top of the sea.”可知，此處是通過說明海洋中氧氣的來源與循環(huán)來解釋海洋含氧量下降的原因的，故D項(xiàng)“然后，隨著表層海水的慢慢下沉，氧氣擴(kuò)散至海洋深處”符合語境。3C根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容和常識可知，雨水和冰川、冰山及冰原融水都屬于淡水，海洋中的水是咸水，而淡水的密度比咸水的小，因此淡水的注入會使海洋表面的水變得更輕。故C項(xiàng)符合語境。C項(xiàng)中的“make the water.lighter”與下文中的“make it lighter”的對應(yīng)關(guān)系亦是提示。4F根據(jù)空前的“The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will .”和空后的“Instead，more of the oxygen will remain.”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)與空前的句子的句式相同，且與空后的句子的內(nèi)容存在語意上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。5GG項(xiàng)中的“they”與上文中的“A team of Danish researchers”相呼應(yīng)，且上文講到即使我們把二氧化碳的排放降低到零，海洋含氧量也需要很長時間才能恢復(fù)，其對海洋生物造成的影響將是長期的，故G項(xiàng)“如果他們是對的，那么我們完全有理由對它對海洋生物的重大影響感到擔(dān)憂”符合語境。 rely on 依靠；依賴；指望rely on/upon sb./sth.指望某人/某事rely on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人會做某事rely on ones doing sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人會做某事rely on it that.相信，指望(教材原句)As some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to rely on other musicians to help them.由于一些演員唱得不夠好，他們只好依靠別的樂手來幫助他們。The success of this project relies on everyone making (make)an effort.本項(xiàng)目的成功有賴于諸位一起努力。You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他會來接見你的。單句語法填空(2017·天津卷)As long as one doesnt come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.break up 打碎；分裂；解體；分手；放假break down 出故障；失??；垮掉；分解break in 破門而入；打斷(談話等)break into 強(qiáng)行闖入；突然起來break out (戰(zhàn)爭，火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)，發(fā)生break away from 脫離；掙脫break through 突圍；突破，沖垮，克服break off 突然停止；斷開；折斷break ones promise/word 食言(教材原句)The band broke up about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid­1980s.樂隊(duì)在1970年左右解體了，但令人高興的是，他們在20世紀(jì)80年代中期又重組起來了。She broke (break) down and wept at the sad news.她控制不住感情，為此噩耗而哭泣。After a fire broke_out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)生火災(zāi)，很多設(shè)備被毀。above all 最重要；首先after all 畢竟，終究all in all 總的說來；總而言之in total/all 總共；全部；合計(jì)(not)at all 一點(diǎn)也(不)；完全(不)first of all首先(教材原句)Above all，just have fun!最重要的是一定要開心！(牛津)Above_all，make sure you keep in touch as often as possible.最重要的是，你們一定要經(jīng)常保持聯(lián)系。All_in_all，the governments policy which intended to contain the high housing price seems to work.總的說來，政府旨在抑制高房價的政策似乎起效果了。First_of_all，you should not have scolded the boy at_all;_he is a child after_all.Above_all，he made only two mistakes in_all.首先，你根本不該責(zé)備那個小男孩，他畢竟還是個孩子。更為重要的是，他總共只犯了兩處錯誤。 【短文改錯】There are many people think that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I had read a story about Howard Joyce.He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life.Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do.Health is more important.【答案】There are many people / that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I read a story about Howard Joyce.He was European billionaire who got everything he wanted.，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a life.Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have of dollars but you are poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to to make money.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with you do.Health is more important.第一處：think前面加who或think改為thinking?？疾槎ㄕZ從句或現(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，先行詞為many people，故用who引導(dǎo)該定語從句；因many people和think為主動關(guān)系，故也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞thinking作many people的后置定語。第二處：刪除had。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“used to”和“until one day”可知，該句陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時。第三處：ana?？疾楣谠~。European的讀音以輔音音素開頭，故用a。第四處：ThereforeHowever。考查副詞。上文說他是一位歐洲億萬富翁，得到了他想要的一切，該句說在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康狀況變得越來越糟。上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However。第五處：miserablymiserable?？疾樾稳菰~。life為名詞，故應(yīng)用形容詞miserable修飾。第六處：called前面加were?？疾橹髦^一致、時態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語the best doctors為復(fù)數(shù)且和動詞call之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；這里講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用were。第七處：millionmillions?？疾楣潭ù钆洹illions of為固定搭配，表示“許多”。第八處：atin?？疾榻樵~。in poor health為固定搭配，意為“身體不好”。第九處：tryingtry?？疾閯釉~不定式。此處是動詞不定式表目的，故to后應(yīng)用動詞原形try。第十處：whichwhat?？疾橘e語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，with后接賓語從句，連接詞在從句中作do的賓語，故用what。The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most_of_which was based loosely on the Beatles.音樂家們組成樂隊(duì)演奏音樂，還彼此打趣逗笑。這些玩笑和音樂大多都在模仿“甲殼蟲”樂隊(duì)。most of which是“代詞介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語從句。此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有：(1)some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most.of which/whom(2)then.of which(2015·重慶卷)He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.他寫了許多兒童書籍，幾乎一半在1990年左右出版。She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of_which had taken more than three years.她帶領(lǐng)參觀者參觀了博物館，它的建設(shè)已經(jīng)花了三年多的時間。For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further，of_which New York is an example.世界上有很多城市都沒有進(jìn)一步拓展的空間了，紐約就是其中的一個例子。單句語法填空(2017·全國卷)What is well­known to us all is that China is a country with a long history and is also distinguished for many a traditional art, one of which is papercutting, dating from two thousand years ago. (1)then.ofwhich結(jié)構(gòu)一般可以與whosen.互換。(2)“名詞介詞關(guān)系代詞”可與“介詞關(guān)系代詞名詞”換用。Freddy and his band could_not go out anywhere without_being_followed.弗雷迪和他的樂隊(duì)無論走到哪里都會有人跟隨。(1)not/never.without.意為“沒有就不能”。這是一種雙重否定句式，表示肯定意義。其中否定詞也可以是no，never或加否定前綴構(gòu)成的否定意義的詞。(2)常見的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)還有：no(never).without.沒有不；除不nothing.not/no/含否定意義的前綴的詞沒有不(3)常見的用否定形式表示肯定意義的結(jié)構(gòu)有：cannot.too.越越；無論怎樣也不為過cannot/couldnt/can/couldno/never.without.一做就；做無不cannot wait to do sth.急于做某事cannot help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth.不得不做某事；只得/唯有做某事I couldnt have made so much progress without your help.如果沒有你的幫助，我就不可能取得如此大的進(jìn)步。Use your head and you will find nothing is impossible in the world.動腦筋你會發(fā)現(xiàn)世上無難事。We never passed at night without seeing (see) the girl at work.每當(dāng)我們在晚上走過時，總是看到那姑娘在干活。You cant be too careful while driving the car.你開車時再怎么小心也不為過?！鹃喿x理解】Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer psychological first aid and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadnt really done anything yet.I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friends mother passed away unexpectedly. I had received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didnt want to intrude (打擾) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, Just go. Just be there. I did, and I will never regret it.Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDS related dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It is not only something we give to others but also changes me for the better.1.Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?A. He built shelters for them.B. He gave immediate first aid to them.C. He came to stay with them.D. He brought mental health professionals.2.What did the author do when his friends mother passed away?A. He hesitated over whether to go.B. He went to his friends at once.C. He knew what to do instantly.D. He decided not to disturb.3.What does the underlined word solemn in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Heavy but warm. B. A little sad but cosy.C. Relaxing and delightful. D. Very serious and unhappy.4.What has the author learned from his experience?A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.B. Being present can make a big difference.C. The family harmony is the happiest thing in life.D. Being a volunteer can make ones life more significant.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。經(jīng)過幾次出現(xiàn)在諸如災(zāi)難現(xiàn)場、失去親人的朋友家里等，作者體會到出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生的巨大力量，因?yàn)檫@不僅幫助了別人，也提高了自己。1.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段末we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激)from the first person we met.I hadnt really done anything yet.可知，我們只是和他們見面，還沒有做什么，故選C。3.D 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后一句中His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.可知，當(dāng)時氣氛并不嚴(yán)肅，故選D。4.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第 4 段中In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence.可知，每次的出現(xiàn)都會產(chǎn)生很大的影響，故選B。 12