第二節(jié)分類(lèi)突破一、審題謀篇的4大要素(2016·江蘇)請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。In recent years，internet voting has become increasingly popular in China.People not only cast on-line votes themselves，but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”Li Jiang，a high school student，is invited to vote in the “Best Police Officer” competition，organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers daily work.Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories.He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds.He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future.Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “Future Singer” competition.He has already received three similar invitations this week.His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition，the family will win an overseas tour for free.Su Hua likes his cousin very much，but he finds other singers perform even better.To vote，or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容1用約30個(gè)單詞寫(xiě)出上文概要；2用約120個(gè)單詞闡述你對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的看法，并用23個(gè)理由或論據(jù)支撐你的看法。寫(xiě)作要求1寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句；2作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)；3不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)?？紙?chǎng)思維模式(一)審題：定體裁讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)類(lèi)議論文，本文是對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的利與弊進(jìn)行討論。定人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)定時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭：用約30個(gè)單詞寫(xiě)出上文概要；主體：闡述對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的看法；結(jié)尾：說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)。(二)謀篇：1閱讀短文，抓住內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)根據(jù)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容和寫(xiě)作要求可以列出以下三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：(1)寫(xiě)出文章的概要；(2)發(fā)表支持或反對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的觀點(diǎn)；(3)概括觀點(diǎn)，得出結(jié)論。2概括大意，轉(zhuǎn)述作者觀點(diǎn)本文為“對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)式”議論文，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要從正反兩個(gè)方面入手。以支持該觀點(diǎn)為例，可以寫(xiě)出下列概要：描述現(xiàn)象：With the rapid development of the Internet，online voting has been gaining popularity.陳述觀點(diǎn)：Online voting may indeed offer people more opportunities to participate in a variety of social activities without expending too much effort.3順承過(guò)渡，引出自己觀點(diǎn)根據(jù)概要寫(xiě)出過(guò)渡性語(yǔ)句，引出自己的觀點(diǎn)：From my own perspective，online voting should be treated rationally.4詳寫(xiě)例證，論證自己觀點(diǎn)用23個(gè)理由或論據(jù)論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。5得出結(jié)論，注意前后呼應(yīng)對(duì)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證之后，進(jìn)一步概括歸納自己的觀點(diǎn)，升華主題，并照應(yīng)開(kāi)頭。6修飾潤(rùn)色，使其錦上添花7謄答案英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)是唯一一項(xiàng)主觀性試題，評(píng)分過(guò)程中就難免會(huì)有很多主觀因素。漂亮的字體、干凈整潔的卷面會(huì)使人賞心悅目，無(wú)疑會(huì)給作文增色不少。因此，在謄答案時(shí)要注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范，字母均勻大小適中，字體工整，保持卷面整潔，切忌潦草凌亂、亂涂亂改。如需改動(dòng)，用筆畫(huà)斜線進(jìn)行刪除就可以了。8再?gòu)?fù)查將答案謄到答題紙上之后，還要快速地復(fù)查一下，以防由于粗心大意而出現(xiàn)的一些完全可以避免的錯(cuò)誤，例如單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫(xiě)、搭配、時(shí)態(tài)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等方面的錯(cuò)誤。滿分作文With the rapid development of the Internet，online voting has been gaining popularity.It brings several advantages，influencing people actively.However，online voting has adverse effects，and considering too much about personal emotion may cause inequity.Online voting may indeed offer people more opportunities to participate in a variety of social activities without expending too much effort.Moreover，wider and better social benefits can be reached with the positive social images built.Everything is double-edged.As is known to us all，not all the people are willing to vote for the people who are eager to be the winners in competitions.Whats worse，fairness will undoubtedly be affected due to the emotional factor resulting from interpersonal relationships.From my own perspective，online voting should be treated rationally.Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly，nor can we deny it completely.高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的審題謀篇是取得高分的第一步。認(rèn)真閱讀試題，做到明確中心思想，判斷類(lèi)型和特點(diǎn)，了解重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，力求切中題意。不論書(shū)面表達(dá)是以哪種形式提供情景，都要首先搞清楚要求寫(xiě)的是記敘文，還是說(shuō)明文或議論文等。定文體，定人稱(chēng)，定時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)以及定要點(diǎn)，做好以上內(nèi)容的整體布局和策劃，是一篇優(yōu)秀習(xí)作的必經(jīng)之路。微技能(一)寫(xiě)作思路要順暢1流暢性指根據(jù)整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的連接手段，使文章層次清楚、行文連貫。所以我們要認(rèn)真審題，分析所給的短文或者圖畫(huà)的內(nèi)容，明確文章的寫(xiě)作主題，確定寫(xiě)作體裁、人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)及要點(diǎn)等五大要素，并做到合理安排。2根據(jù)所提供的短文或者圖表(圖畫(huà))的內(nèi)容，確定文章的段落層次。3收集所要表達(dá)主題的相關(guān)材料，能支持主題的具體內(nèi)容材料。然后按要求寫(xiě)出語(yǔ)法正確的句子，包括時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、用詞和句法等要準(zhǔn)確、地道地表達(dá)。必須要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或習(xí)慣表達(dá)，避免中式英語(yǔ)，在實(shí)踐中不斷總結(jié)中英在用法上的差異，養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)思維寫(xiě)作的習(xí)慣。 4理清我們寫(xiě)的三段中段落與段落之間的關(guān)系，以及這之間的過(guò)渡、銜接關(guān)系和方式。5確定能體現(xiàn)主題，簡(jiǎn)單明了，發(fā)人深思的結(jié)尾方式。微技能(二)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)須謀劃1注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，合理布局讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)型寫(xiě)作一般分為三段：第一段：概括所給的短文或者圖表(圖畫(huà))的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；第二段：過(guò)渡引出主題句，并且闡述理由；第三段：表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。2確定主題句主題句是對(duì)全文的概括，是文章的主旨，能在文章中起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一篇文章的開(kāi)頭，而后全文對(duì)主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)瑪U(kuò)展。寫(xiě)主題句應(yīng)該注意以下幾個(gè)方面：歸納出要寫(xiě)的文章的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)；提煉出具有概括性的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的一句話；主題句應(yīng)該具有可讀性，抓住讀者眼球并且吸引讀者繼續(xù)讀下去。微技能(三)寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)巧表述1所給短文或者圖表(圖畫(huà))的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)化根據(jù)所給短文或者圖表(圖畫(huà))的提示，列全需要寫(xiě)作的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。確保無(wú)遺漏，這是考生能夠拿到基本分的關(guān)鍵。2要點(diǎn)句式化將要點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展成精確的句子，這是體現(xiàn)寫(xiě)作水平的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)，同時(shí)也是最重要的增分點(diǎn)，要堅(jiān)決避免英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)化和句式的單一化，在保證正確的情況下，盡可能使用高級(jí)詞匯以及層次感比較豐富的復(fù)雜句式。3連句成文要點(diǎn)齊全，較高級(jí)詞匯的使用以及句式豐富都做好的前提下，加入引入話題的開(kāi)篇句，承上啟下的過(guò)渡句以及緊扣主題的結(jié)束句。微技能(四)整理謄寫(xiě)要工整在寫(xiě)作的過(guò)程中，確保書(shū)寫(xiě)工整，態(tài)度認(rèn)真，保證卷面的整潔，使作文給人以賞心悅目的感覺(jué)，避免出現(xiàn)由于書(shū)寫(xiě)問(wèn)題而造成的失分現(xiàn)象。5