第12講介詞與介詞短語1.Chinas soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.(2018·江蘇，33)A.in line with B.in reply toC.in return for D.in honour of答案A解析句意為：中國的軟實力在增長，這與中國在全球范圍內得到越來越多的欣賞和理解是一致的。in line with意為“與一致”，符合語境。in reply to回復，答復；in return for作為對的回報；in honour of為了向表示尊敬。2.Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went .(2018·天津，11)A.at first B.after allC.above all D.at random答案B解析句意為：鮑勃以為他不能去參加聚會了，因為他得寫一份報告，但他最終還是去了。after all意為“畢竟，最終，終究”，符合語境，故選B。at first起初，最初；above all首先，最重要的是；at random任意地，漫無目的地。3.Good morning，Mr Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.(2018·北京，14)A.for B.on C.in D.at答案A解析“make an appointment for時間”表示“約某個時間見面或對某個時間做出預約安排”。本句中的make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon的意思是“約定下周三下午見面”。此題很容易誤選B項，表示具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上時，前面的介詞用on，但是B項表示“在某個時間做或者發(fā)生某件具體的事情”。句意為：早上好，這里是李先生的辦公室。早上好。我想約下周三下午(和李先生)見個面。4.Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017·江蘇，32)A.in contrast to B.in defense ofC.in face of D.in relation to答案D解析句意為：通過對比我們周圍的環(huán)境來確定我們的位置是我們生存的一項重要技能。結合句意可知，這里用in relation to“相對某事物而言”。in contrast to與相比；in defense of保衛(wèi)，為辯護；in face of面對。5.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017·天津，12)A.among B.againstC.behind D.below答案A解析句意為：當你駕車穿過加利福尼亞的紅杉林時，你會置身在那些樹齡超過1 000年的樹木之間。among在當中，為所圍繞，符合語境。against以為背景，襯托；behind在后面；below在下面。6.We offer an excellent education to our students. ，we expect students to work hard.(2017·天津，13)A.On average B.At bestC.In return D.After all答案C解析句意為：我們向學生提供優(yōu)質的教育，同時也希望學生努力學習。in return作為報酬，作為回報，符合語境。on average平均來看；at best充其量，至多；after all畢竟，終究。7.Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.(2017·北京，35)A.at B.inC.on D.by答案B解析句意為：很多住在海邊的人們靠漁業(yè)為生。“在行業(yè)”用介詞in。此題容易忽視fishing后的名詞industry，以為是靠捕魚這種方式而錯選D項。8.The dictionary is ：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016·天津，2)A.out of control B.out of dateC.out of sight D.out of reach答案B解析考查“out of名詞”型介詞短語辨析。句意為：這部詞典過時了：自從它出版以來，這門語言已增添了許多單詞。out of date過時，符合語境。out of control失控；out of sight看不見；out of reach夠不著。9.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edison.(2015·江蘇，34)A.thanks to B.regardless ofC.aside from D.but for答案D解析句意為：如果沒有托馬斯·愛迪生的話，我們現(xiàn)在所受益的許多東西是不會出現(xiàn)的。thanks to幸虧，由于；regardless of不管，不顧；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果沒有的話。由句意知選D項。診斷報告考向對應題號我的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)1常見介詞的用法3,5,72介詞短語辨析1,2,4,6,8,9解題方法1.漢語對照法在高考試題中，考查的介詞有一大部分是表示方位、范圍的，這就涉及到一些表示方位的介詞，這時可以根據其漢語意思來解答此類試題。2.固定短語法關于介詞的固定搭配，在解答試題時，要注意從句子中找出中心詞匯，也就是這個詞和選項中的詞能夠構成一個固定搭配，符合句子意思，這樣問題就會很快被解決。如第7題。3.利用置入法解決介詞短語的相關題目關于介詞短語的相關題目，一般采用將介詞短語置入句子，并進行逐一翻譯的方法。解決此類題目的關鍵就是平時多積累相關知識，然后讀懂題干的含義?？键c1語境詞義辨析1.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016·浙江，7)A.on B.in C.at D.about答案B解析句意為：該項研究表明，我們成長的文化環(huán)境會影響我們看我們周圍的世界的基本過程。in the cultures在的文化中，為固定搭配，故選B。2.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea？(2015·浙江，3)A.about B.to C.with D.over答案B解析句意為：你聽說過是海陸兩棲動物棲息地的樹嗎？be home to為固定搭配，意為“是的棲息地，是的家園”。考點歸納常用介詞如in，on，for，with，against，of，beyond，out of，across等含義較多，應全面掌握。(1)against有“違背，違逆；反對；對不利；倚；靠；碰撞；預防；襯托”之意。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看來意見達成一致是不可能了，因為大多數委員會成員都反對。(2)beyond可表示“范圍，限度”，意為“超出，為所不及”。常用短語：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control “無法用語言形容/無法用語言描述/難以想象/不能相信/夠不著/管不了”。To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.被選為第一位接受此殊榮的人，我實在無法用語言表達自己的感受。(3)by可表示“程度或增減的幅度”，還可作“按；以計；依據”講。As far as I know，workers are generally paid by the month.據我所知，工人們的工資通常按月來付。(4)for有“就而言；從來看；達，計；為”之意。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我們大多數人最關心的是大眾教育的質量問題。(5)off有“在離不遠處；在沿海的海面”之意。The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.威爾旅館坐落于湖盡頭的主干道附近一個非常安靜的地方。(6)across有“橫跨”之意。It can run across water for a distance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet.它可以在水面上跑數米的距離，通過用腳快速拍打水面避免弄濕全身。(7)on/upon有“剛就；一就”之意，后接名詞或動詞-ing形式。Upon hearing the funny story，everyone burst into laughter.一聽到這個滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑起來。(8)over可表示時間，意為“在期間；直到結束”。Im sorry I didnt phone you，but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.很抱歉我沒有給您打電話，但是在過去的兩周里我一直很忙?？键c2介詞短語辨析1.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. ，hes reliable.(2016·浙江，6)A.Or else B.In shortC.By the way D.For one thing答案B解析句意為：那個年輕人誠實而且善于合作，總是在你需要幫助的時候出現(xiàn)?？傊强煽康?。or else否則，要不然；in short總之，簡言之；by the way順便說一下；for one thing一方面。 根據句意可知答案為B。2.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015·湖北，30)A.in advance B.in detailC.in total D.in general答案A解析句意為：這個會議室是“無煙區(qū)”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在這里吸煙，你將會被罰款。根據題干中that引導的賓語從句可知，說話者是在“提前”告訴對方這一事實，所以選擇in advance。in detail詳細地；in total總共；in general一般來說。考點歸納1.幾組常見的介詞短語(1)out of名詞out of question毫無疑問；out of the question不可能；out of order次序顛倒；out of sight看不見；out of place不合適；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇(2)in名詞 in power掌權；in good condition狀態(tài)良好；in despair絕望地；in public/secret公開地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保養(yǎng)得好/不好；in charge負責，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙；in anger生氣；in trouble有困難 (3)in名詞介詞in case of以防萬一；in honor of為了紀念；in favor of支持；in memory of為了紀念；in charge of負責；in terms of從角度；in need of需要；in praise of表揚；in view of鑒于；in return for作為對的回報；in response to對的答復或反應(4)under名詞under control受控；under attack遭到攻擊；under way在進行中；under discussion在討論；under consideration在討論/考慮中(5)at名詞at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃飯；at ease輕松，自由自在；at war 在打仗 (6)on名詞on fire著火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打電話；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7)to ones情感名詞to ones surprise令某人驚訝的是；to ones joy使某人高興的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高興的是2.注意下列短語中介詞的用法for nothing不花錢，免費come across the room穿過房間feel like doing sth. 想要做某事get paid by the week按周獲得報酬be particular about.對苛求、挑剔with satisfaction滿意地be second to none不輸于任何人；不比任何東西差on ones own獨自地in great quantity大量地，大批量in great demand需求量很大take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向發(fā)展keep an eye on照看，照料with the help of在的幫助下under the leadership of在的領導下the article in the newspaper報紙上的文章a bird in the tree樹上的鳥apples on the tree樹上的蘋果tickets for the concert音樂會的票in the direction of朝著的方向from the direction of從的方向set an example to sb. 給某人樹立榜樣3.下列短語中to 為介詞belong to屬于date back to追溯到look forward to盼望；期望be addicted to沉溺于be accustomed to習慣于be/get used to doing.習慣于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to堅持1.It is known that theory is based on practice and serves practice.(2018·河北區(qū)二模)A.in need B.in returnC.in turn D.in place答案C解析in need在危難中，在危急中；in return作為報答/回報；in turn依次，轉而，輪流地，反過來；in place在合適的位置，適當的。句意為：眾所周知，理論以實踐為基礎，反過來又為實踐服務。故選C。2.It was warm and nice that evening.I stayed awake until eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.(2018·河東區(qū)一模)A.on average B.on purposeC.on business D.on time答案B解析on average平均起來；on purpose故意地；on business出差；on time按時，準時。句意為：為了能親自好好地看一看月亮，我特地(故意地)保持清醒到11點。由句意可知答案選B。3.Bob is kind，hard-working and intelligent； ，I cant speak too highly of him.(2018·河北區(qū)一模)A.as a result B.in a wordC.by the way D.on the contrary答案B解析as a result結果，因此；in a word總之，一句話；by the way順便說一句；on the contrary(與此)相反，正相反。句意為：鮑伯是一個善良、勤奮并且聰明的人；總之，我再怎么高地評價他都不為過。4.It seems a little ugly to me. ，I think its rather beautiful.(2017·紅橋區(qū)二模)A.In other words B.On the other handC.On the contrary D.In a nutshell答案C解析句意為：這對我來說有點難看。恰恰相反，我覺得它相當漂亮。on the contrary(與此)相反，正相反，符合句意。in other words換句話說；on the other hand另一方面；in a nutshell簡而言之。5.Simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears .(2017·天津十二所重點中學二模)A.at no time B.at one timeC.in no time D.for the time being答案C解析句意為：只要你招招手，出租車就會立即出現(xiàn)。in no time馬上，立即，符合句意。at no time從未；at one time曾經，一度；for the time being暫時。6.Your attitude life determines how happy or unhappy you are.(2017·北京海淀區(qū)一模)A.towards B.withC.on D.for答案A解析句意為：你對生活的態(tài)度決定你有多快樂或不快樂。attitude to/towards對的態(tài)度。7.With the development of economy，our income has increased 10% in less than a year.(2017·北京海淀區(qū)二模)A.for B.by C.on D.at答案B解析句意為：隨著經濟的發(fā)展，我們的收入在不到一年的時間里增長了10%。by表示數量的增減程度，符合句意。for為了；on在某方面；at(用于速度、比率等)以，達。8.The debate here will be limited in two main respects， the time available.(2017·和平區(qū)一模)A.in view of B.in return forC.in addition to D.in comparison with答案A解析句意為：鑒于可用的時間，這里的辯論將限定在兩個主要方面。in view of鑒于，由于，符合句意。in return for作為對的回報；in addition to除之外(還有)；in comparison with與相比較。9.Hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans .A.at hand B.at willC.on trial D.on track答案D解析句意為：希望這種新方法能有效地幫助學生們實現(xiàn)他們的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃。on track步入正軌，做法對頭，符合句意。at hand在手邊，在附近；at will任意，隨意；on trial受審，在試驗/測試中。10.Bless your heart，I know you didnt break the vase .Dont cry！(2017·南開區(qū)一模)A.on purpose B.by accidentC.on business D.by mistake答案A解析on purpose故意地；by accident偶然地；on business出差；by mistake弄錯。由語境“我知道你不是故意的”知A項正確。專題強化練(十二).單項填空1. the security challenges in the northern part of Nigeria，many Chinese citizens still do business there and have built strong relationships with the locals.(2018·天津一中3月考)A.In spite of B.On account ofC.In case of D.For lack of答案A解析in spite of盡管，雖然；on account of由于，因為；in case of萬一；for lack of缺乏。句意為：盡管尼日利亞北部面臨著安全挑戰(zhàn)，許多中國公民仍然在那里做生意，并與當地人建立了牢固的關系。2. the culture gap and language differences，we still can understand each other through our body languages.(2018·河西區(qū)一模)A.Regarding B.DespiteC.Without D.Considering答案B解析regarding關于；despite雖然；without沒有；considering考慮到。句意為：雖然有文化差異和語言差異，但是我們仍可以通過肢體語言理解彼此。3.He is very tired，so he needs some time duty for relaxation and rest.(2017·天津一中5月考)A.through B.on C.with D.off答案D解析在英語中，on/off duty 分別譯為“值日；放工”。句意為：他很累，所以他需要一些下班時間放松和休息。故選D。4.Some traditional exercise like jogging，swimming and climbing may help people stay .(2017·河西區(qū)二模)A.in place B.in orderC.in fashion D.in shape答案D解析句意為：一些傳統(tǒng)的運動，如慢跑、游泳和爬山或許能幫助人們保持健康。in shape處于良好狀態(tài)，健康，符合句意。in place在適當的位置，準備就緒；in order井然有序；in fashion流行。5.Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves，so its only natural that we want to learn something useful our effortsA.in view of B.in response toC.in parallel with D.in return for答案D解析句意為：我們許多人把閱讀看作是對自己的一種投資，所以我們想學一些有用的東西來回報我們的努力是很自然的。in return for作為對的回報，符合句意。in view of鑒于；in response to作為對的回應；in parallel with與平行。6. the consequences of the chemical leaks，the specialists havent given final conclusion before they obtain accurate statistics.(2016·天津五校聯(lián)考)A.With regard to B.As a result ofC.In spite of D.In addition to答案A解析 句意為：關于化學泄露所產生的后果，專家在拿到準確的數據之前，還沒有給出最后結論。with regard to關于；as a result of由于的結果；in spite of盡管； in addition to除之外。故選A。7.I told you to keep the dog the bed.I dont want dog hair all over the bedspread.A.over B.alongC.towards D.off答案D解析句意為：我告訴過你讓狗離床遠點。我不想讓床單上到處都是狗毛。keep sb. /sth. off sb. /sth. 使不接近(或不接觸、遠離)某人/事物。8.The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A.by accident B.at randomC.at risk D.on average答案B解析句意為：魔術師從觀眾中隨意挑選了幾個人，請他們幫助他進行表演。by accident偶然；at random隨便地；at risk冒險；on average平均。 9.He was born in a Chinese immigrant family who made their living duck farming and fruit trading.(2016·江蘇百校聯(lián)考)A.against B.inC.from D.for答案C解析句意為：他出生在一個以養(yǎng)鴨場和水果交易為生的華裔移民家庭。make a living from (doing) sth. make a living by (doing) sth. 以(做)某事為生。10.Id like several hundred books like this one.We may be ，but I can order some for you within two days.(2016·河西區(qū)三調)A.in store B.out of controlC.in short D.out of stock答案D解析句意為：我想要幾百本這樣的書。我們可能沒存貨了，但是兩天內我可以為你訂購一些。out of stock無現(xiàn)貨的，符合句意。in store儲備著，有貨；out of control失控；in short簡言之。11.He has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul， his personal gain and loss.(2016·南開區(qū)一模)A.in terms of B.regardless ofC.in favor of D.by means of 答案B解析句意為：他全心全意為人民服務，不計個人得失，為大家樹立了好榜樣。in terms of就而言；regardless of不管；in favor of支持；by means of通過。根據句意可知選B項。12. your help，we could not have finished such hard work in time.(2016·河北區(qū)二模)A.In spite of B.But forC.Thanks to D.As for答案B解析句意為：要不是有你的幫助，我們不可能及時完成這么繁重的任務。but for倘若沒有，要不是(常常用于虛擬語氣句子中，表示暗含條件)；in spite of盡管，即使；thanks to幸虧，多虧；as for至于。該題易誤選C項，用thanks to表示應為“Thanks to your help，we finished such hard work in time.”。13.My mums letters really encouraged me my illness.(2016·北京東城區(qū)二模)A.over B.forC.throughout D.within答案C解析句意為：在我生病期間媽媽的信件真的自始至終鼓勵著我。throughout自始至終，符合語境。14.John accepted the championship award the team.(2016·和平區(qū)一模)A.in honour of B.in favour ofC.on account of D.on behalf of答案D解析句意為：約翰代表球隊接受了冠軍獎勵。on behalf of代表，符合句意。in honour of為了紀念；in favour of支持；on account of因為，由于。15.It was obvious that the meeting was concerned the housing reform and everyone present was concerned their own interests.A.with；with B.with；forC.for；about D.about；with答案B解析句意為：很顯然，這次會議是有關房屋改革的，每個在場的人都很關心他們自己的利益。be concerned with與有關；be concerned for/about關心，為擔憂。故選B。.閱讀理解(2018·天津十二區(qū)縣二模)American students often have to take out loans to help pay for their education.Some students are very interested in the cost of undergraduate and graduate study in the United States.The first thing we should know is that the prices are different from school to school.The private colleges and universities generally cost more than public ones.Another thing to keep in mind is that not all students pay the “published price” of a school.Financial aid and scholarships may reduce the cost.The average published price for undergraduate study at a four-year public college was about seven thousand dollars.That was for students from “in state”.Students from other states as well as international students paid an average of more than eighteen thousand dollars.This is the bad newsinternational students often have to pay the highest prices.And these averages were only for tuition(學費).Food，housing，books and supplies can add ten to twelve thousand dollars a year.The College Board says the average tuition at a private college was about twenty-six thousand dollars.Many students save money by starting their education at a two-year public college，also known as a community college.The average tuition this year was about two thousand five hundred dollars.A few American colleges provide a free education，including the military and Merchant Marine academies.They accept some foreign students.Berea College is a small Christian school in Berea，Kentucky，which pays all first-year costs for its foreign students.But they are expected to pay one thousand dollars a year after that.Summer jobs are provided to help meet this cost.Costs for graduate study in the United States also differ from school to school，and even from program to program.Here too，public universities charge more for out-of-state tuition.For example，at the University of Kentucky，out-of-state graduate tuition averaged about eighteen thousand dollars this year.In-state was about nine thousand.16.The passage is mainly talking about .A.how much an undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the United StatesB.how an undergraduate or graduate can choose a suitable program or college in the USAC.how much a foreign undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the USAD.why so many undergraduates and graduates are studying in the USA答案A解析主旨大意題。根據全文內容可知，本文講述的是一個本科生或研究生在美國上大學要花多少錢。故選A。17.Generally speaking，the annual cost of a foreign college student in a public college in the USA is .A.3640 thousand dollarsB.1719 thousand dollarsC.26 thousand dollarsD.2830 thousand dollars答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“Students from other states as well as international.more than eighteen thousand dollars.”以及“Food，housing，books and supplies can add ten to twelve thousand dollars a year.”可知，一般來說，在美國公立大學上學的外國大學生的年平均費用是2.8萬3萬美元。18.A foreign student who chooses Berea College is able to .A.get more career opportunities during summer vacationsB.reduce the cost of receiving education in the USA a lotC.have the chance to get along with world famous professorsD.earn a great deal of money when they are at college答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“Berea College is a small Christian school in Berea，Kentucky，which pays all first-year costs for its foreign students.”可知，選擇貝里亞學院的外國學生能夠減少在美國接受教育的費用。19.What should an American graduate do in order to save money according to the passage?A.He should choose a public university in his own state.B.He should choose those unfamous public universities.C.He should avoid changing his major at college.D.He should try to do some part-time jobs.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據第二段及最后一段內容可知，在州內上大學的費用比去別的州上大學的費用低，所以為了省錢，學生應該在自己的州選擇一所公立大學，而不能去其他地區(qū)上學。20.What can be inferred from the passage? A.The college tuition in America is higher than that in other countries.B.The higher the tuition is，the better the college is in the USA.C.Not all the parents in the USA will pay their childrens tuition of college.D.Some American students have to leave college because of the high tuition.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據第一段第一句可知，并不是所有的美國父母都支付他們孩子的學費，有的學生需要自己申請貸款去完成學業(yè)。.閱讀表達(2018·紅橋區(qū)二模)Sixteen years ago，I learned this lesson in the back of a New York City taxi.Heres what happened.I got into a taxi，and we took off for Grand Central Station.We were driving in the right lane when，all of a sudden，a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us.My taxi driver had to brake(剎車) immediately，and missed the black cars back end by just inches!The driver of the black car，who almost caused a big accident，started yelling bad words at us.My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy.And I mean，he was friendly.So，I said，“Why did you just do that? This guy almost destroyed your car and sent us to the hospital！” And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call，“The Law of the Garbage Truck.”Many people are like garbage trucks.They run around full of garbage，full of frustration，full of anger，and full of disappointment.As their garbage piles up，they need a place to dump it.And if you let them，theyll dump it on you.When someone wants to dump on you，dont take it personally.You just smile，wave，wish them well，and move on.Youll be happy with what you did.Started thinking，how often do I let Garbage Trucks run right over me? And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people at work，at home，or on the streets? It was that day I said，“Im not going to do that anymore.”Good leaders know they have to be ready for their next meeting.Good parents know they have to welcome their children home from school with hugs and kisses.Leaders and parents know that they have to be fully present，and at their best for the people they care about.The bottom line is that successful people do not let Garbage Trucks take over their day.21.W