Unit 4Wildlife protection.閱讀理解With weather getting warmer,animals have begun to change in response to the new condition.And some of them have become smaller.Some scientists thought this might be an adaptation to a warmer world; smaller bodies should be able to lose heat better.But now a new study has found that for red knot birds,thats not the case.Ecologist Jan van Gils and his colleagues have been studying these birds for 33 years.Over the course of their research,van Gils and his team have found that in Russia where the red knots summer,snowmelt and spring have been advancing by half a day per year on average.Over more than thirty years,the researchers caught and measured nearly 2,000 birds.In years when the snowmelt had arrived particularly early,the birds were likely to be smaller and have shorter bills (鳥嘴).The birds leave the coast of Western Africa,where they winter,and fly north toward Russia.The birds are supposed to arrive in spring,so they can lay their eggs and when their chicks hatch out,there will be a wealth of arthropod (節(jié)肢動物) insects to feed their young.But even though the red knots are advancing their arrival date by about a quarter of a day per year,it is not enough to keep up with the snowmelt.And in years when the snowmelt arrives early,the arthropods reach the greatest quantity before the birds need them.Therefore,chicks miss out on eating well and they grow up to be smaller and have shorter bills.Being smaller and having a shorter bill isnt a problem in Russiabut it is in Africa.There,adult birds feed on thin-shelled bivalves (雙殼貝類),Loripes lucinalis.But the bivalves are buried deep.However,other options,Dosinia isocardia bivalves and seagrass rhizomes (根莖),which only the youngest birds rely on,are not abundant or nutritious.Van Gils and his colleagues found that,in their first year,shorter-billed red knots dont survive as well in Africa.The majority of birds that survive are the long-billed birds.1.How did Jan van Gils and his colleagues reach the conclusion?A.By comparing red knots with other birds.B.By dividing 2,000 red knots into several groups.C.By watching and examining red knots for three decades.D.By analyzing studies that have been published in Science.2.What influence does early snowmelt have on red knots?A.Their chicks dont have enough to eat.B.Their eggs take more time to hatch out.C.They need to find other places for summer.D.They arrive in Russia half a day earlier each year.3.Why do few adult short-billed red knots survive in Africa?A.Because they cant find arthropod insects to eat.B.Because they cant access Loripes lucinalis bivalves.C.Because Dosinia isocardia bivalves they need are rare.D.Because seagrass rhizomes they feed on are not nutritious.4.Whats the purpose of the text?A.To tell a story. B.To provide facts.C.To make an announcement.D.To put forward suggestions.語篇解讀:本文是說明文。研究表明受到全球變暖的影響,在融雪期特別早的年份孵化出來的紅腹濱鷸會體格變小、鳥嘴變短,這直接影響它們的生存。答案及剖析:1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Ecologist Jan van Gils and his colleagues have been studying these birds for 33 years.及Over more than thirty years,the researchers caught and measured nearly 2,000 birds.可知,Jan van Gils和他的同事通過追蹤研究紅腹濱鷸30余年才得出了他們的結(jié)論。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的And in years when the snowmelt arrives early,the arthropods reach the greatest quantity before the birds need them.Therefore,chicks miss out on eating well可知,如果融雪期提前到來的話,等紅腹濱鷸的幼鳥孵化出來時,它們已經(jīng)錯過了節(jié)肢動物數(shù)量最多的時候,因此沒有足夠的食物吃。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的adult birds feed on thin-shelled bivalves,Loripes lucinalis.But the bivalves are buried deep可推測,Loripes lucinalis這種貝類在地下比較深的地方,因此嘴短的紅腹濱鷸吃不到它們,影響生存。4.B寫作目的題。通讀全文可知,本文介紹了在融雪期特別早的年份孵化出來的紅腹濱鷸會體格變小、鳥嘴變短,從而直接影響它們生存的事實(shí)。故B項(xiàng)正確。.七選五(2018 安徽江淮十校4月聯(lián)考)Teens are certainly confusing and complicated, but there is one thing thats clear about them: More than anything else, they want to fit in with their peers.They want and need to stay connected.Without connection, they feel lonely, anxious and sad,1. Teens, like adults,run into all sorts of dilemmas with their friends.Friendships are neither all good nor all bad.As an adult, you have experience with these sorts of friends and have made your own adjustments in these relationships.Given both your own life experience and your concern for your teens, youre in an excellent position to help your teens set boundaries with friends.Certainly,some friendships are worth maintaining, while some are not,2.There are many ways you can help your teens handle these relationships effectively.Here are some steps I would suggest taking: Teach your teens to label their feelings.They need to know what it is that they are feeling first to effectively set limits and boundaries with friends.Help them label setbacks, exhaustion, disappointment and anger.This is no small task.Many kids struggle with labeling their feelings.3.If they sense that something is wrong in a friendship, theyre probably right,and they need to quit it as soon as possible. Explain to your teens that they cant be all things to all friends.And let them know that friendships are most likely to grow and continue if they feel good about them.Discuss different ways to set boundaries.Explain to your kids that just as it makes sense to say yes at times,4.Just as its fine to spend lots of time with a friend during the week,its equally OK to spend less time with the same friend when that friend is being too demanding or needy. Look at your behavior in relationships.5.They are quietly watching your every move.So make sure youre setting a good example for them to follow in your relationships as well. A.so they need to tell what are right relationshipsB.and they shall find their way out of those friendshipsC.Keep in mind that you are your teens most important role modelD.Remind your teens of bad relationshipsE.its also socially acceptable to say no at other timesF.Encourage your teens to mind their feelings and follow the sixth senseG.but they may get exhausted by their friendships as well答案:15GBFEC.完形填空(2018貴州貴陽第一中學(xué)檢測題)I always preferred to take on more than I should when I was a young man.At times, it was to prove to myself that I could 1it.At other times, it was to please someone and gain 2for my efforts.This sometimes led to 3or frustration. When I was an IT manager after college graduation I was4to work with a wealthy customer and be a go-between(中間人)for my company.I took on the assignment 5, thinking that this might be my time to shine.6, the customers demands proved to be more than I could do with.And the company chose to 7the customer and try to meet his unreasonable requirements rather than stick to what we had 8offered in the contract.As you can imagine, this led to a lot of unexpected 9 and arguing with some of the staff who10to do anything outside their scope(范圍)of work.I remember walking into my office one morning, opening my laptop and 11 the blank screen for long, thinking to myself: What should I do? That was a(n) 12time in my life and then I finally had to give up my first job and 13that company sadly. Perhaps, I thought then, I could find the 14that didnt involve dealing with difficult people and difficult situations.But later I realized: Is this 15in our modern world? No, it is impossible.Now, I know, I shouldnt run away from the 16I faced in life: I had to learn how to deal with them.I 17 not persevering(堅持)in my job.We should train ourselves to look at things from a 18point of view, because that is far better than being 19in the bad circle depression.Ive come to 20that when faced with difficulties, I should not give up, but persevere. 1.A.sendB.researchC.handleD.attempt2.A.recognitionB.honorC.informationD.news3.A.patienceB.pleasureC.stressD.appreciation4.A.assignedB.hopedC.forbiddenD.wished5.A.stronglyB.happilyC.unwillinglyD.anxiously6.A.MoreoverB.AdditionallyC.ThereforeD.However7.A.look intoB.be againstC.wait forD.be for8.A.frequentlyB.fluentlyC.originallyD.gradually9.A.programsB.problemsC.goalsD.results10.A.longedB.refusedC.preferredD.agreed11.A.staring atB.aiming atC.pointing atD.shouting at12.A.funnyB.easyC.difficultD.amazing13.A.leftB.chargedC.shutD.lost14.A.lessonB.lifeC.truthD.job15.A.urgentB.necessaryC.reasonableD.possible16.A.choicesB.challengesC.factsD.illusions17.A.regretB.thinkC.considerD.allow18.A.commonB.simpleC.positiveD.valuable19.A.requiredB.limitedC.hiddenD.trapped20.A.supposeB.seeC.consumeD.expect語篇解讀:本文是作者的工作感悟,同時我們也從中獲得啟示。作者還是個年輕人的時候,總是喜歡承擔(dān)更多的事情。他漸漸意識到,當(dāng)面對困難時,不應(yīng)該放棄,而是堅持下去。答案及剖析:1.C有時候,作者是想證明自己能應(yīng)對工作中的問題。2.A有時候是為了使自己的努力獲得認(rèn)可。3.C根據(jù)空格后的frustration可知,此處應(yīng)填stress。4.A根據(jù)空格5前面的詞assignment可知,作者被分配了一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。5.B根據(jù)該句中的this might be my time to shine.可知,作者認(rèn)為這是一個讓他閃光的時刻,所以他很高興地答應(yīng)了。6.D上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。然而,事實(shí)證明,客戶的要求超出了我的能力。7.D根據(jù)空格后的try to meet his unreasonable requirements可知,公司選擇為客戶提供服務(wù),并試圖滿足他的不合理要求。8.C根據(jù)上一句可知,公司選擇滿足客戶的不合理要求,而不是堅持最初合同中規(guī)定的我們提供的服務(wù)。9.B根據(jù)上下文,因?yàn)楣咀龀隽四菢拥臎Q定,導(dǎo)致了許多意想不到的問題。10.B公司的決定使得一些員工拒絕在工作范圍之外做任何事情。11.A我記得有一天早上,我走進(jìn)辦公室,打開筆記本電腦,盯著空白屏幕看了很久。根據(jù)句意可知答案為A。12.C根據(jù)上下文可知,那是我一生中艱難的時刻。13.A根據(jù)空格前的had to give up my first job可知,作者離職了。14.D辭職了之后,應(yīng)該是另找一份工作。15.D但后來我意識到:這在我們的現(xiàn)代世界是可能的嗎? 16.B作者在生活中遇到了挑戰(zhàn)。17.A作者后悔沒有堅持他的工作。18.C根據(jù)文中最后一句I should not give up, but persevere.可知應(yīng)選C。19.Dbe trapped in 為固定短語,意為“ 陷入困境”。20.B我已經(jīng)意識到,當(dāng)面對困難時,我不應(yīng)該放棄,而是堅持下去。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B。7