第3講非謂語動詞1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period， the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018·江蘇，26)A.having exceeded B.to exceedC.exceeded D.exceeding答案D解析句意為：在這段時期創(chuàng)造了大約13 500個新工作，超過了市場分析師認為的12 000個的預期數(shù)量。were created是謂語，因此exceed只能用非謂語動詞形式作伴隨狀語。A項having exceeded表示exceed的動作發(fā)生在were created之前，不符合語境；B項to exceed不能作伴隨狀語；C項exceeded表示主語與exceed之間為被動關系，也不符合語境。故選D。2. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018·北京，3)A.Travel B.TravelingC.Having traveled D.Traveled答案B解析選項中只有B項能作句子的主語。如果動詞作句子的主語，只能由不定式或動名詞來充當。C項常用來作狀語，表示動作先于謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生，用作本句的主語自然不符合語法邏輯。句意為：沿著古絲綢之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意義的經(jīng)歷。3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018·北京，6)A.share B.to shareC.having shared D.shared答案B解析此處需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。句意為：在中秋節(jié)期間，家庭成員經(jīng)常聚到一起吃飯、賞月、品嘗月餅。4.Ordinary soap， correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018·北京，10)A.used B.to useC.using D.use答案A解析因為句子中已有謂語動詞，故此處要用非謂語動詞形式。句子的主語與use之間是被動關系，因此應該選A項，即過去分詞作狀語，used correctly相當于if it is used correctly這個條件狀語從句的省略形式。句意為：普通的肥皂，如果使用得當，可以有效地清除細菌。5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph .(2018·天津，7)A.taking B.takenC.being taken D.take答案B解析句意為：我需要一個新護照，因此我得去讓人給我照相。本題考查have sth. done結構，意為“讓別人做某事，讓被做”。my photograph與take之間是被動關系，故需用take的過去分詞形式。6.I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help it.(2018·天津，12)A.to eat；to try B.eating；tryingC.eating；to try D.to eat；trying答案D解析句意為：我沒打算吃東西，但這冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住嘗了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味著做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事。7.Many Chinese brands， their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江蘇，21)A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developing答案A解析句意為：很多中國品牌歷經(jīng)幾個世紀樹立了聲譽，它們正面臨著當代市場帶來的新挑戰(zhàn)?！?their reputations over centuries”在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子。句子主語many Chinese brands與動詞develop之間是主動關系，且句中有延續(xù)性的時間狀語over centuries，這里應該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示主動和延續(xù)性的動作，因此選A。8.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time.(2017·北京，27)A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved答案C解析句意為：現(xiàn)在許多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機牌以節(jié)約他們的寶貴時間。不定式短語to save their valuable time在句中作目的狀語。9.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time with his students.(2017·北京，32)A.to spend B.spendC.spending D.spent 答案D解析句意為：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，不過他仍然記得和學生們一起度過的快樂時光。the happy time與spend之間是被動關系，故此處用過去分詞形式作定語。10.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， more patients to be treated.(2017·天津，14)A.being allowed B.allowingC.having allowed D.allowed答案B解析句意為：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新醫(yī)療設備，從而使更多的病人能夠得到治療。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語，故選B項。11.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.(2016·浙江，19)A.working B.workC.to work D.worked答案A解析句意為：航海的樂趣與我現(xiàn)在和學生一起上課的樂趣一樣多。題干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun(in)doing sth. 做某事很開心，有樂趣，是固定搭配，故選A。12.Much time sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江蘇，24)A.being spent B.having spentC.spent D.spending答案C解析句意為：由于大部分時間坐在辦公桌前，辦公室職員通常被健康問題所困擾。由于句中沒有連詞，故前半句要用獨立主格結構；time與spend之間構成被動關系，故用過去分詞形式。13.Video games can be a poor influence if in the wrong hands.(2015·湖南，24)A.to leave B.leavingC.leave D.left答案D解析句意為：如果落在不合適的人的手中，電子游戲就會有一個很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語是video games，它們之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞。if left.是“連詞過去分詞”作狀語。診斷報告考向對應題號我的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)1非謂語動詞作狀語1,3,4,7,8,10,132非謂語動詞作定語93非謂語動詞作主語、賓語、表語和補語2,5,6,114獨立主格12解題方法搞定非謂語只要這三步：1.判斷 “謂”與“非謂” 句子按結構分為三類，即簡單句、并列句和復合句。并列句和復合句都需要連詞來引導，如果兩個句子用連詞進行連接，應選謂語動詞形式；如果兩個結構中未出現(xiàn)連詞，則考慮用非謂語動詞。典例1 many times，but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been toldB.ToldC.He was toldD.Though he had been told分析用連詞but引導并列句，因此，前面與后句一樣也是個獨立的句子，排除A、B兩項；因though和but不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中，故選C。變式訓練 many times, he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been toldB.ToldC.He was toldD.Though he had been told答案A/D解析分析句子結構可知，此處可用非謂語動詞或狀語從句。tell發(fā)生在couldnt understand之前，故用完成時態(tài)；tell和其邏輯主語he之間為被動關系，故要用被動語態(tài)，選A/D。2.確定與邏輯主語之間的關系確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要找到其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞的特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫作邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致，找不到其邏輯主語時，整個句子或句子的主語就是非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。正確判斷非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的關系是正確選擇非謂語動詞形式的保證，不管是作什么成分的非謂語動詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點：1.如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關系，可用現(xiàn)在分詞；2.如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關系，可用過去分詞。典例2 from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A.Seen B.SeeingC.Having seen D.To see分析句意為：從塔頂看，這座山的南邊腳下是樹的海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一個過去分詞短語，在句子中作狀語。see的邏輯主語是句子的主語the south foot of the mountain，它們之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞。故答案選A。3.確定非謂語動詞和謂語動詞發(fā)生的先后非謂語動詞具備動詞的一些特點，也可以有動作發(fā)生的時間。對于謂語動詞，我們用時態(tài)來表示動作發(fā)生的時間；對于非謂語動詞不能用時態(tài)來表示動作發(fā)生的時間。非謂語動詞所表示的時間是一個相對時間，即相對于謂語動詞的時間而言。同時也需要了解非謂語動詞的不同形式所指時間的含義。如to have done，having done表示該動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生；to be doing，doing強調(diào)與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。典例3Dina， for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A.struggling B.struggledC.having struggled D.to struggle分析句意為：Dina奮斗了幾個月，想找個做女服務員的工作，最后在當?shù)匾患覐V告社謀到了一個職位。因Dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關系；且struggle發(fā)生在took之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。審題要訣可概括為：動詞特點它均備，唯作謂語不算對。主賓定狀表補語，樣樣功能它都會。成分、作用理分明，再把時間來核對。最后嚴把語態(tài)關，考慮周全終無悔?？键c1非謂語動詞作狀語1. over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered答案D解析句意為：那些書一周前已經(jīng)預定了，現(xiàn)在有望隨時到貨。 order與其邏輯主語the books之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故選D。2.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way the sun and the stars.A.used B.having usedC.using D.use答案C解析句意為：就像古時候的水手一樣，鳥能利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。根據(jù)語境，use與其句中隱含的邏輯主語birds之間為主動關系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作方式狀語，相當于by using the sun and the stars的省略。3. for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.A.To work B.WorkedC.To be working D.Having worked答案D解析句意為：工作了兩天后，史蒂夫設法準時完成了報告。句子主語Steve與動詞work之間為主謂關系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；同時work的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞managed to finish之前，故要用完成時。4. the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.Catching B.CaughtC.To catch D.Catch答案C解析考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意為：為了趕上早班飛機，我們提前預定了出租車并且很早就起了床。這里邏輯主語是we，用不定式作目的狀語，表示提前預定出租車并且早起的目的。故選C?？键c歸納(一)分詞作狀語1.分詞作狀語表示時間、原因、條件、結果、伴隨或方式、目的等；作狀語時，是用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞，取決于該動詞與句子主語之間的關系。如果是邏輯上的主謂關系，一般用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是邏輯上的動賓關系，一般用過去分詞。分詞的完成時表示動作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。(1)Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.由于來自父母的壓力，以及認識到浪費了太多的時間，這個男孩決定不玩電子游戲了。(表示原因)(2)Having finished his speech，he answered our questions.做完演講后，他回答了我們的問題。(表示時間)(3)Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看，這個公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語the park之間存在動賓關系) (4)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語we之間存在主謂關系)2.某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，此時這些過去分詞表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)，tired of(感到厭倦)，faced with(面對)等。(1)Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.專心于讀書，他沒注意到我進入房間。(2)Dressed in a red coat，he is like a girl rather than a boy.穿著一件紅色衣服，他更像一個女孩而不是男孩。(二)動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式作狀語，其中的動詞和主句的主語之間要形成主謂關系。在句子中可以充當：1.目的狀語動詞不定式作目的狀語常用的形式：to do，so as to，in order to等。2.結果狀語在only/just to do結構中表示出乎意料的結果。3.原因狀語在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth. 結構中作狀語表原因。4.固定結構用于too.to do，enough to do，so/such.as to do結構中?？键c2非謂語動詞作定語1.The national park has a large collection of wildlife， from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京，30)A.ranging B.rangeC.to range D.ranged 答案A解析句意為：國家公園有一大批野生生物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.從到(的范圍)。a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。2.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train .(2017·天津，10)A.catching B.caughtC.to catch D.to be caught答案C解析句意為：整個會議期間，我一直在看時間，因為我要趕火車。結合句意可知，此處表示將要發(fā)生的動作，且catch與a train之間是動賓關系，故用動詞不定式作定語，用主動形式表被動意義?？键c歸納(一)分詞和動名詞作定語1.分詞作定語，表示被動、完成用過去分詞(done)；表示主動、進行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)；表示被動、進行用being done；表示被動的動作尚未進行用to be done。不定式作定語若表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，名詞前多用形容詞、分詞、序數(shù)詞等修飾。(1)This is a problem discussed.這是一個已討論過的問題。(2)This is a problem being discussed.This is a problem which is being discussed.這是一個正在被討論的問題。(3)This is a problem to be discussed.This is a problem which is to be discussed.這是一個將要討論的問題。(4)He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。2.動名詞作定語表示用途，如running shoes(跑鞋)，a drawing board(畫板)，a swimming pool(游泳池)，a waiting room(候車室)，a walking stick(手杖)等。(二)下列情況常用不定式作定語1.用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或any，the only等限定的中心詞時，常用不定式作定語。2.當被修飾詞為特定名詞時常用不定式作定語，常見的名詞有decision，wish，chance，plan，time，effort，ability，attempt等。考點3非謂語動詞作主語、賓語、表語和補語1.非謂語動詞作賓語(主語)補足語Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(2015·陜西，18)A.taking B.takenC.take D.be taken答案B解析句意為：李博士在非洲進行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務，回來后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好，他很高興。此處是“see賓語賓語補足語”結構。此處his mother與take good care of之間是被動關系，故選B項?？键c歸納1.后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語，必須省去to的動詞，即“聽看觀感使讓幫”sb. /sth. do.。聽hear，listen to；看see，watch，look at，notice；觀observe；感feel；使make，have；讓let；幫help2.動詞keep，leave，set，catch及介詞with后接非謂語動詞作賓語補足語。(1)Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.對不起，讓您久等了。(2)We cant leave such an important matter unfinished.我們不能讓這樣一件重要的事半途而廢。(3)I caught him smoking a cigarette.我碰到他正在抽煙。(4)With a lot of work to do，he was not allowed to go out.由于有許多工作要做，他不被允許出去。2.非謂語動詞作賓語1.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.A.to thank B.thankingC.having thanked D.to have thanked答案A解析句意為：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎之后，安妮·本尼迪克特繼續(xù)感謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的事業(yè)中幫助過她的人。go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事；go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事。拿獎后又繼續(xù)做另一件事，即“感謝所有幫助過她的人”，所以選A。2.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like for a swim?A.to go B.goingC.go D.having gone答案B解析句意為：今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？feel like想要，后面接名詞、代詞或動名詞。feel like doing sth. 表示“想要做某事”。D項having gone表示動作已完成，不符合語境。3.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without .A.recognizing B.being recognizedC.having recognized D.having been recognized答案B解析句意為：那位影星戴著墨鏡，因此他可以在沒人認出的情況下購物了。without為介詞，后面接動名詞形式；the film star與recognize之間存在被動關系，故用動名詞的被動式，即“being done”結構?？键c歸納非謂語動詞作賓語的四種情況：1.介詞后常常接動名詞形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，且前有實義動詞do時，不定式就要省略to。2.巧記只跟動詞不定式的動詞：R，WOLF HEAD MAP！(??！狼頭圖！)Rrefuse；Wwant，wish；Ooffer；Llong(渴望)；FfailHhappen；Eexpect；Aask；Ddecide，determine；Mmanage；Aafford；Ppretend3.巧記只能跟doing的動詞：MEGIDCAFEPS(諧音：賣給的咖啡不是)Mmind，miss；Eenjoy；Ggive up；Iimagine，include；Ddeny，delay；Cconsider；Aadvise，appreciate；Ffinish；Eescape，excuse；Ppractise；Ssuggest4.既可接不定式也可接動名詞作賓語的動詞，但兩者意思不同。meanforgetrememberregrettrygo onstopcant help(1)Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.臨睡前記著關燈。(2)I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers.我記得在報紙上看到過關于這次地震的消息。(3)Dont forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.別忘了過一個小時左右把煤氣關小點兒。(4)I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永遠不會忘記第一次看見長城的情景。(5)I regret to say the job has been filled.我很遺憾地告訴你，那個工作已經(jīng)有人做了。(6)I regret saying what I said.I shouldnt have said it.我懊悔說了那些話。我是不應該這樣說的。3.非謂語動詞作表語1.While waiting for the opportunity to get ，Henry did his best to perform his duty.A.promote B.promotedC.promoting D.to promote答案B解析句意為：當?shù)却龣C會升職的時候，亨利盡最大努力履行他的職責。這里使用了get done結構，表示被動關系。2.For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying .A.connected B.connectingC.to connect D.to be connected答案A解析句意為：對那些與家人離得比較遠的人來說，個人電腦和電話在保持聯(lián)系方面很重要。本句中的關鍵詞是stay(保持)，它是一個連系動詞，后接形容詞作表語。connected可作形容詞，意為“有聯(lián)系的，有來往的”，符合句意。考點歸納1.不定式作表語表示主語的具體內(nèi)容、目的等。(1)My goal is to be a scientist.我的目標是當一名科學家。(2)What strikes me most is to see him always busy.使我感到驚訝的是總看見他很忙碌。2.動名詞作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。(1)My favorite sport is skiing.我最喜歡的運動是滑雪。(2)Seeing is believing.眼見為實。3.作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，往往具有形容詞的性質，用于說明主語的性質與特征。過去分詞作表語和系動詞連用，構成系表結構，往往表示主語所處的一種狀態(tài)，有時候用于“getv.-ed”結構中。(1)The report is very encouraging.這個報告非常鼓舞人心。(2)I got confused，even bored.我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有點煩了。4.非謂語動詞作主語1. the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A.Ignore B.IgnoringC.Ignored D.Having ignored答案B解析句意為：忽視這兩個研究結果的不同將是你犯的最嚴重的錯誤之一。從will be one of the worst mistakes you make來看，will的前面部分是主語，因此用v.-ing短語作主語。這里表達一般情況，因此不用完成式。2.Its standard practice for a company like this one a security officer.A.employed B.being employedC.to employ D.employs答案C解析分析句子結構可知，it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的“ a security officer”；再根據(jù)句型“It isn.(for sb. )to do sth. ”，知選to employ?？键c歸納1.動名詞作主語往往表示一種概念、習慣或經(jīng)驗。有時候用it作形式主語，常用于Its no use/good/useless/of little use/useful/worth/a waste of time doing等句式中。(1)Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.早睡早起是個好習慣。(2)Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。2.不定式作主語往往表示一個具體的動作、一種愿望、目的或未完成的事，通常用形式主語it代替。常見的it代替不定式作形式主語的句型有：It beadj.(for sb. ) to do sth. It ben.(for sb. ) to do sth. It beadj.of sb. (to do sth. )(1)To stop the work now seems impossible.It seems impossible to stop the work now.現(xiàn)在停止這項工作似乎是不可能的。(2)Its so nice to hear your voice.聽到你的聲音真高興。(3)It wont be easy for you to find a job.找一份新工作對你來說不容易。(4)It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了?？键c4獨立主格結構The lecture ，a lively question-and-answer session followed.A.being given B.having givenC.to be given D.having been given答案D解析句意為：演講結束后，緊跟著是一個生動的互動環(huán)節(jié)。由于句中沒有連詞，故前半句要用獨立主格結構；the lecture與give之間為被動關系，且動作發(fā)生在動詞follow之前，故選D項?？键c歸納1.獨立主格結構由“普通格名詞(或主格代詞)分詞、不定式、名詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語”構成，在句中作狀語，通常用逗號與句子的其他部分隔開。(1)Mary coming back，they discussed it together.瑪麗回來后，他們一起討論了那件事。(2)Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you.運氣好的話，我掙的錢將比你們所有人掙得都多。2.there be句型的非謂語形式(1)Ive never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.我從未想到墻上會有幅畫。(2)I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.我希望她有很多機會找到工作。(3)There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.路上有冰，我讓司機減速慢行。(4)There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.已經(jīng)兩天都沒有水了，所有游客都非?？省？键c5“連詞分詞(短語)”結構Children，when by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.A.to be accompanied B.to accompanyC.accompanying D.accompanied答案D解析句意為：孩子們在父母的陪同下才被允許進入該體育館。因為children和accompany之間是被動關系，所以應該使用過去分詞accompanied。此處是狀語從句的省略，還原后是when they are accompanied by their parents?？键c歸納分詞短語作狀語時，有時前面可用一個連詞，表示強調(diào)或出于表達需要，常用的連詞有：when，while，if，though，whether.or.，unless，as if等。有時這種結構可看成是狀語從句的省略。(1)Though left behind and feeling awkward，Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line.雖然他被落在后面感到很局促不安，但是Jack堅持跑到了終點線。(2)You should stay where you are，unless asked to leave.你應該呆在你現(xiàn)在的地方不動，除非讓你動?？键c6固定結構中非謂語動詞的使用He is thought foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.A.to act B.to have actedC.acting D.having acted答案B解析sb. be thought to.某人被認為，是固定句式。句意為：他被認為是舉止愚蠢的，現(xiàn)在失去這份工作他只能責怪自己，不能怨別人。根據(jù)句意可知，他表現(xiàn)很糟糕是在丟掉工作之前，所以用不定式的完成式。故B項正確。考點歸納高頻固定結構中的非謂語結構薈萃：1.be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事2.There is no need to do sth. 沒有必要做某事3.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多少時間做某事4.be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事5.spend money/time (in) doing sth. 花費金錢或時間做某事6.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難7.prevent/stop.(from) doing sth. 阻止做某事8.with賓語注意：在with復合結構中用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，取決于賓語與其后的成分之間的邏輯關系。1.The lady walked around the shops， an eye out for bargains.(2018·天津部分區(qū)縣二模)A.keep B.keptC.keeping D.to keep答案C解析分析句子結構可知，句子已有謂語動詞walked，故此處應用非謂語動詞。句子主語The lady和keep之間為主動關系，結合句意，只能使用現(xiàn)在分詞keeping作伴隨狀語。2.Fear is one of the many enemies hidden inside us，and if uncontrolled，it can destroy our lives.(2018·河北區(qū)二模)A.leaving B.leftC.having left D.to be left答案B解析and連接兩個并列句，后面分句的主語是it，指代前文中的fear。leave在此語境中表示“使處于的狀態(tài)”，且leave與it/fear之間是被動關系。故選B。3. to her own work，she spent little time with her family.(2017·和平區(qū)一模)A.Devoting B.To be devotedC.Devoted D.Having devoted答案C解析句意為：她致力于自己的工作，很少和家人在一起。be devoted to.致力于，由于從句主語與主句主語一致所以從句主語和be動詞可以省略，故選C。4.The gases released in large amounts by factories and farms trap heat in the atmosphere， the earth warmer and warmer.(2018·南開區(qū)二模)A.makes B.have madeC.made D.making答案D解析根據(jù)句子結構可知，The gases released in large amounts by factories and farms trap heat in the atmosphere整個是make的邏輯主語，它和make之間是主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語。A、B、C三項都是時態(tài)與句子結構不符。5.In the reading room，we found her at a desk，with her attention on a book.(2017·南開區(qū)二模)A.sitting；fixing B.to sit；fixedC.seating；fixing D.seated；fixed答案D解析句意為：在閱覽室里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她坐在書桌旁，注意力集中在一本書上。第一空為“find賓語賓補”結構，其中sittingseated；第二空考查“with賓語賓補”結構，賓語attention和動詞fix之間為被動關系，故用過去分詞fixed作賓補。答案為D。6.What do you think of your journey to Yunnan?Everything is very fantastic，especially its fresh air.It is pleasant .(2017·天津十二所重點中學二模)A.breathed B.being breathedC.to be breathed D.to breathe答案D解析句意為：你覺得你的云南之行怎么樣？一切都很奇妙，尤其是云南的新鮮空氣。那里的新鮮空氣呼吸起來令人愉快。在“sth. beadj.to do”結構中，不定式中的動詞do與主語構成動賓關系，形容詞表示主語的性質或特征。7.For the Chinese dream at an earlier date，we must accelerate the pace of reform and opening up.(2018·天津一中3月考)A.being realized B.to realizeC.realizing D.to be realized答案D解析句意為：為了早日實現(xiàn)中國夢，我們必須加速改革開放進程。根據(jù)句意和結構可知，這個空是目的狀語，且表將來，故用不定式作目的狀語，the Chinese dream和realize是被動關系，應用不定式的被動式。8. for many years，the novelist suddenly became famous.(2017·和平區(qū)二模)A.Having ignored B.Having been ignoredC.Ignoring D.To be ignored答案B解析因ignore和the novelist是動賓關系，而不是主謂關系，即“被忽視”，故可排除表主動意義的A、C。D是不定式的被動式，表示將來意義，與句意不符，可排除。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式表示動作的完成，且與主語的關系是邏輯上的被動，故選B。9.Every time Gina catches her employees time，she reminds them that time is priceless.(2018·南開區(qū)二模)A.wasting B.to waste C.wasted D.waste答案A解析固定搭配catch sb. doing sth. 抓住某人正在做某事；其中的doing是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，對于賓語的情況進行補充說明。10.The food in this way keeps its fresh flavor，which attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.(2017·天津五校聯(lián)考一模)A.prepared B.preparingC.to prepare D.to be prepared答案A解析food與prepare之間為被動關系，故用prepared作后置定語修飾The food。句意為：以這種方法準備好的食物保持了其新鮮的味道，吸引了來自其他國家的人對中國烹飪藝術的關注。故選A。專題強化練(三).單項填空1.We are invited to a party in our club next Friday.(2017·紅橋區(qū)一模)A.to hold B.heldC.to be held D.being held答案C解析根據(jù)句意可知party和hold之間是被動關系；根據(jù)next Friday可知是將要發(fā)生的事，需用不定式作定語。a party to be held意為“將被舉行的聚會”，故選C。2.Hi，Betty.Would you like to go to see a movie with me tonight?Sorry，Mary. tomorrows lessons，I have no time to go out with you.(2018·南開區(qū)二模)A.Not preparing B.Not having preparedC.Not to prepare D.Being not prepared答案B解析句意為：嗨，貝特，你愿意晚上和我一起看電影嗎？對不起，瑪麗。我還沒有準備明天的課程，我沒時間和你出去。I和prepare之間是主謂關系，“沒有準備”發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，現(xiàn)在分詞完成時作狀語表原因，所以用having done結構，否定直接在前邊加not。3.Ann never dreams of a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.(2017·河西區(qū)二模)A.being B.there will beC.there to be D.there being答案D解析句意為：Ann做夢也沒想到很快她就有機會被派往國外。介詞后面跟動名詞，此處為表示“存在”的there be結構，故用動名詞的獨立主格形式there being。4.What has made him in such high spirits recently? by his teacher for succeeding passing the exam.(2018·天津十二區(qū)縣一模)A.Being praised B.PraisedC.Having praised D.To praise答案A解析通過分析語境可知這里應該用動名詞短語作主語，并且表示被動。5.The noise from my neighbors sitting room can be clearly heard in my apartment，which makes me distracted from reading.(2017·天津十二所重點中學一模)A.is decorated B.being decoratedC.decorated D.to be decorated答案B解析句意為：鄰居客廳里裝修的噪音