課時(shí)提能練(五)必修1Module 5A Lesson in a Lab課時(shí)作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to_teach(teach) how to read fast.2I listened to his adventure with a mixture(mix) of amusement and disbelief.3The business has_expanded(expand) from having one office to having twelve so far.4The conclusion(conclude), I think, he drew from his simple experiment is not scientific.5Sadness is a normal reaction(react) to life's struggles, setbacks, and disappointments.單句改錯(cuò)1Many people have come to realize that they should keep a balancing diet.balancingbalanced2So far, our school has brought in some new equipments.equipmentsequipment3It was astonished to find his reading ability improved so much.astonishedastonishing4You should put your things in the order after you play with them.去掉the5The doctor thought that would be good for you to have a holiday.thatit .選詞成篇I 1.used_to take part in voluntary work at a children's hospital in my hometown, where I learned that a child is less likely to be born with disease if its pregnant mother changes her eating habits.I 2.found_out that food preservatives(防腐劑) in particular may be a reason, so I decided to do some research 3.in_the_area_of food safety.Before I started my experiment, I made sure other people 4.were_kept_out_of my lab.During the experiment, I observed how the materials 5.reacted_with each other.Of course, I 6.was_supposed_to set down all the results for future reference.After I finished my scientific report, I excitedly signed my name 7.at_the_bottom_of it.In the course, I learned not only how to conduct a scientific experiment, but also how to express my research result.Most importantly, I 8.was_proud_of myself.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1這個(gè)國(guó)家歡迎以物質(zhì)和現(xiàn)金形式的外國(guó)援助。(form)The country welcomes foreign aid in_the_form_of material and cash.2我相信這次旅行會(huì)大大加深我們的知識(shí)。(add)The trip, I believe, will add_greatly_to_our_knowledge.3問(wèn)題越難，他回答出來(lái)的可能性就越小。(the比較級(jí) .，the比較級(jí) .)The_more_difficult the questions are, the_less_likely he is able to answer them.4你通曉中國(guó)文化是必要的。(it beadj.to do .)It's_necessary_for_you_to_have_a_good_knowledge_of Chinese culture.5這是你今天早上要的文件。(here引起的完全倒裝句)Here_is_the_document you asked for this morning.課時(shí)作業(yè)B：能力層面.閱讀理解 (2019·湖南省六校聯(lián)考)If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then we're both better off as a resultso goes the principle of reciprocity.As humans, we are familiar with the concept, whether it is by buying rounds of drinks or expelling diplomats.But do animals also help those who help them? The answer may be yes.A paper by Dolivo and Taborsky shows that Norway rats will only give as good as they get.In their laboratory, Dolivo and Taborsky first trained rats to pull a stick that provided a food item within the reach of a rat in a neighboring cage separated from them by wire mesh(鐵絲網(wǎng))They then introduced a further treatment in which an experimental rat was placed in a cage with other caged rats on either side.On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces.In the following trials the focal rat (the one in the central cage) had the opportunity to repay the other rats using the same stick tool to deliver food items.Now, the rats had typically turned their noses up at the carrot and showed a strong preference for the more desirable banana.On the basis that the banana­providing rat should be therefore remembered as the superior partner, the authors predicted that in the test phase(階段) the focal rat would more readily provide help for banana­offering rats than for carrot­offering rats.This proved to be the case: the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewardsit seemed that they were behaving reciprocally.Dolivo and Taborsky's experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and by which rat, and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those that helped them.It is apparent that we shouldn't undervalue the ability of animals to engage in reciprocity.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章詳細(xì)介紹了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論的過(guò)程。實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果告訴人們，我們不應(yīng)該低估動(dòng)物的互惠能力。1What does the underlined word “reciprocity” probably refer to?AThe act of being kind to other people.BA cooperative exchange of favors.CA positive attitude to everything.DThe quality of being generous.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then we're both better off as a result”可知，如果兩個(gè)人互相抓背，則兩人都能得到好處；由此可推知，reciprocity意為“互惠”，故B項(xiàng)正確。2What would happen if a rat pulled the stick?AIt would find some food in its own cage.BOther rats would be able to enter its cage.CAnother rat in another cage would get food.DIt would be able to enter a neighboring cage.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容和第三段尾句“On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces”可推知，如果一只老鼠拉棍子，則另一個(gè)籠子里的老鼠會(huì)吃到食物，故C項(xiàng)正確。3Which got more benefit from the focal rat?AThe rats that preferred carrot pieces.BThe rats that preferred banana pieces.CThe rats that had provided carrot pieces.DThe rats that had provided banana pieces.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容尤其是“the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠會(huì)得到更多的回報(bào)，故D項(xiàng)正確。4Which of the following might Dolivo and Taborsky agree with?ASome animals may return others' help.B. Norway rats have very poor memories.CIt is hard to explain the ability of animals.DRats' behavior is very uncommon.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段第一句“Dolivo and Taborsky's experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and by which rat, and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those that helped them”可知，Dolivo和Taborsky的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，老鼠能夠回憶起誰(shuí)提供的幫助和幫助的質(zhì)量，并調(diào)整它們的行為，從而投入更多的時(shí)間和精力去幫助那些幫助過(guò)它們的同類；由此可推知，動(dòng)物會(huì)回報(bào)幫助過(guò)它們的對(duì)象，故A項(xiàng)正確。.完形填空(2019·福建省質(zhì)量檢查測(cè)試)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, DC.Terence _1_ the exciting trip, and was _2_ to go the next year.Terence asked his parents _3_ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself.His parents _4_.He had almost a year to earn $150.His first _5_ was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter _6_ that “he would babysit during his neighbors' _7_”He named a few afternoons available and said he would _8_ $1 per hour per child.After five babysitting _9_， he earned $45.When the _10_ weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors' doors to ask if they needed help with _11_ work.He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.After the summer was over, he earned $75.When the fall arrived, he counted his money and _12_ that he still needed $30 for his trip.Soon his mom saw a(n) _13_ for a job for him.He got a job _14_ newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 _15_ each Wednesday.It wasn't long before he had _16_ money to go on the trip to Washington, DC.He was _17_ in time.The class trip was on October 15.His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _18_ him.What a great feeling! He helped _19_ the cost of his trip.This experience _20_ Terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。小學(xué)生Terence非?？释トA盛頓進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查旅行，他希望自己掙一半旅費(fèi)，另一半由父母資助。父母答應(yīng)后，他通過(guò)幫鄰居照看小孩、修剪花園和給花園除雜草等工作攢夠了錢。1A.prepared forBlaid outCreferred toDheard aboutD根據(jù)空前一句可知，每年Terence所在學(xué)校的五年級(jí)學(xué)生都要去華盛頓進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查旅行；結(jié)合該句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence應(yīng)該是聽說(shuō)了這個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的旅行，就渴望來(lái)年也去。D項(xiàng)意為“聽說(shuō)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。2A.dyingBgratefulCluckyDproudA參見上題解析。be dying to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“渴望做某事”，故A項(xiàng)正確。3A.curiouslyBcasuallyCanxiouslyDbrieflyC根據(jù)上文可知，Terence渴望去華盛頓進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查旅行；又結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示Terence急切地問(wèn)他的父母是否愿意支付他參加旅行的一半費(fèi)用。C項(xiàng)意為“急切地，渴望地”，故C項(xiàng)正確。4A.submittedBagreedCbargainedDrefusedB根據(jù)下文可知，他有近一年的時(shí)間去掙150美元；又根據(jù)下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _ him”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)為他支付一半的旅行費(fèi)用。5A.ideaBjobCconclusionDsuggestionA根據(jù)該句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，他的第一個(gè)主意(idea)就是通過(guò)代人臨時(shí)照看孩子來(lái)掙錢，并打了一封信，信上說(shuō)(saying)在鄰居不在時(shí)他可以幫他們照看孩子。6A.declaringBconfirmingCshowingDsayingD參見上題解析。7A.stayBcompanyCinteractionDabsenceD參見第5題解析。absence“缺席，不在”符合語(yǔ)境，故D項(xiàng)正確。8A.payBspendCchargeDdonateC根據(jù)該句中的“$1 per hour per child”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，Terence幫鄰居照看孩子的收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是每個(gè)孩子每小時(shí)一美元。C項(xiàng)意為“收費(fèi)，開價(jià)”，故C項(xiàng)正確。9A.negotiationsBsessionsCattemptsDinterviewsB根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，在幫助鄰居照看五次孩子后，他賺了45美元。B項(xiàng)意為“一段時(shí)間”，符合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)正確。10A.warmBfineCunusualDchangeableA根據(jù)下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens”可知，該處指當(dāng)溫暖的(warm)天氣來(lái)臨時(shí)，他敲鄰居們的門問(wèn)是否需要幫忙做院子(yard)里的工作。11A.yardBpaperCschoolDvolunteerA參見上題解析。12A.admittedBdeterminedCcomplainedDinsistedB根據(jù)該句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和語(yǔ)境可知，數(shù)過(guò)錢后，他算出還需要30美元。determine“準(zhǔn)確算出”符合語(yǔ)境。13A.directoryBpermitCadvertisementDemailC根據(jù)下文中他開始送報(bào)紙，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)可知，很快他的媽媽看到一個(gè)廣告(advertisement)，為他找到了一份工作。14A.editingBupdatingCprintingDdeliveringD根據(jù)該句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送報(bào)紙的工作，每份報(bào)紙掙5美分，每周三總共(in total)掙10美元；deliver newspapers意為“送報(bào)紙”，故D項(xiàng)正確。15A.at onceBon timeCafter allDin totalD參見上題解析。16A.extraBmuchCenoughDeasyC根據(jù)上文描述的他還需要30美元和他每周三送報(bào)紙掙10美元可知，不久他就有足夠的(enough)錢去華盛頓旅行了。17A.justBevenCeverDstillA根據(jù)下文“The class trip was on October 15”可推知，秋天時(shí)他賺夠了錢，正好趕上旅行。A項(xiàng)意為“正好”，故A項(xiàng)正確。18A.owedBlentCpromisedDorderedC根據(jù)上文他的父母同意給他出一半的錢可知，此處表示他的父母給了之前向他承諾的150美元的支票。C項(xiàng)意為“承諾”，故C項(xiàng)正確。19A.countBcoverCestimateDreduceB根據(jù)上文可知，他掙了150美元，他的父母又給他150美元，所以他攢夠了足以支付自己旅行的費(fèi)用。B項(xiàng)意為“足以支付，夠付”，符合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)正確。20A.astonishedBshapedCexcitedDimpressedB根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，這段經(jīng)歷在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。7