Unit 10 Money一、語基必備知識(一)重點詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯知其意1native adj. 出生地的，本土的2billion n. 十億3wallet n. 皮夾子，錢包4enjoyable adj. 使人快樂的5hardworking adj. 勤奮的6dormitory n. 寢室，宿舍7businessman n. 商人，實業(yè)家8drunk adj. (酒)醉的9journalist n. 新聞工作者，記者10greedy adj. 貪婪的，貪心的11rude adj. 粗魯?shù)?，無禮的12cash n. 現(xiàn)金，現(xiàn)款13necklace n. 項鏈，項圈14firm adj. 堅定的；穩(wěn)固的15textbook n. 課本，教科書16kettle n. 水壺.核心詞匯寫其形1technique n. 技術(shù)，技巧2percentage n. 百分比，百分率3bow vi. 鞠躬；點頭4defeat vt. 戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗5earn vt. 掙得，賺得6aware adj. 知道的，意識到的7bargain n& vi. 討價還價； 便宜貨8aggressive adj. 好斗的；有進取心的9comment vi.& vt. 評論10appeal vi. 吸引，引起興趣；呼吁，懇求11contain vt. 包含，含有12remove vt. 移開，挪走13signal n. 信號，暗號14automatic adj. 自動的15replace vt. 代替，取代.拓展詞匯通其變1motivate vt. 使有動機，促使，激發(fā)motivation n. 動力，誘因2achievement n. 成就，完成achieve vt. 完成；實現(xiàn)3exist vi. 存在，生存existence n. 存在，生存4determine vt. 確定，決定determination n. 決心，決定determined adj. 已決定的；堅決的，有決心的5concern vt. 使憂慮；與相關(guān)concerned adj. 擔(dān)心的；涉及的concerning prep. 關(guān)于6pleased adj. 高興的，滿意的please vt. 使?jié)M意，使高興pleasing adj. 令人高興的，令人滿意的pleasure n. 令人高興的事7enthusiastic adj. 很感興趣的，熱情的enthusiasm n. 熱情8ashamed adj. 羞恥的，慚愧的shame n. 羞愧，羞恥心 vt. 使感到羞愧shameful adj. 可恥的，丟臉的9annoy vt. 使煩惱，打攪annoyed adj. 煩惱的annoying adj. 令人煩惱的annoyance n. 煩惱10amusement n. 樂趣，娛樂活動amuse vt. 以自娛，逗樂amused adj. 覺得好笑的amusing adj. 有趣的，好笑的11balance n. 平衡balanced adj. 平衡的12puzzle vt. 使困惑puzzled adj. 困惑的puzzling adj. 令人困惑的13behave vi. 舉止，表現(xiàn)behaviour n. 舉止，表現(xiàn)14advance vi. 前進；取得進展advanced adj. 高級的，先進的1.學(xué)校公共設(shè)施有哪些？canteen食堂 dormitory寢室，宿舍stadium 體育場 school clinic 校醫(yī)務(wù)室teaching building 教學(xué)樓 library 圖書館2.“常用容器”名詞大全cup/glass杯子bowl碗pot 鍋 jar 罐basin 盆 plate 盤子(二)重點短語記牢用活1put_off推遲2at_present 目前，現(xiàn)在3out_of_work 失業(yè)4give_away 贈送；泄露(秘密)5drop_out 退出，退學(xué)6make/earn_a_living 謀生7be_determined_to_do_sth. 決心做某事8dream_up 憑空想出，虛構(gòu)出9take_turns 輪流10be_concerned_about 對關(guān)心，掛念11turn_ones_back_on 不理睬；拒絕12be_tired_of. 厭倦了13appeal_to. 吸引；呼吁14to_be_exact 確切地說15whats_more 而且，此外16be_associated_with 將與聯(lián)系起來1.“beadj.of”短語薈萃be aware of意識到，知道be ashamed of. 為感到羞愧be capable of 能夠be free of. 沒有，擺脫be proud of. 為自豪be tired of. 厭倦了2.“和有關(guān)系”短語薈萃(be) associated withbe connected withbe related toin relation tohave something to do within connection with3.巧記高頻“過渡詞”whats more而且，此外whats worse 更糟的是to make matters worse 更糟的是worse still 更糟的是besides 此外in addition 此外(三)重點句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：the比較級.，the比較級.“越就越”The_more you use English, the_more you will want to learn it.你越使用英語，你就越想學(xué)它。句型2：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man！沒有任何跡象表明查爾斯是個有錢人！句型3：if 引導(dǎo)省略的狀語從句You may agree with this point of view.If_so,_it is time for you to think again.你可能同意這種觀點，若如此的話，你就應(yīng)該重新思考一下。句型4：How come？用以詢問原因或表示懷疑、驚訝等語氣How_come？怎么會這樣？句型5：主語beadj.不定式(主動表被動)They_are_very_practical_and_easy_to_wash.它們非常實用，而且便于清洗。二、語境強化訓(xùn)練.語境填詞根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式1His diet cannot be considered healthy because it contains(包括) a lot of fat in the form of meat, cakes and cream.2To defeat(戰(zhàn)勝) the other players, the athlete overcame a lot of difficulties in his training in the past.3(2018·全國卷閱讀B)Remove(去掉) the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.4(2019·天津卷)The book turns out to be one that has appealed(吸引) to the world for more than 350 years.5(2019·全國卷) Thus，the keyboard can determine(確定) peoples identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.6We often buy everything abroad with the money earned(earn) from oil imports.7Everyone concerned(concern) in the incident was questioned by the police.8According to some experts, everything in existence(exist) is reasonable.9I feel quite ashamed(shame) that I have not fulfilled the task.10(2018·天津卷)Despite recent advancements(advance) in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome.派生詞練習(xí)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1The purpose of the training is to determine who will attend the ceremony.My son is a determined boy and his determination to do it well is making him keep on training hard.(determine)2What puzzled us was his puzzling explanation at the meeting.One of my workmates was so disappointed that he left the hall with a puzzled expression.(puzzle)3It amused me that the old man was dressed in a red coat that day.The old man was so humorous that he often kept us amusedTo our amusement，his wife was also wearing a strange hat that day.(amuse)4It annoyed him that his wife had spent too much money on her clothes. For most men, it was really an annoying thing, so it was natural they were annoyed(annoy)5What was happening in that country concerned us. Most of us were concerned about the players safety. We always watched the programmes concerning them. (concern).選詞成篇turn ones back on; be tired of; agree with; drop out; be associated with; give away; out of workSome people 1.are_tired_of going to school and even 2.drop_out because they want to earn money.Once they become wealthy, some of them often 3.give_away money to those who are 4.out_of_work. Others dont 5.agree_with them and 6.turn_their_backs_on giving money. I think whatever they do 7.is_associated_with their personalities.take turns; appeal to; whats more; a variety of; be determined to; be concerned about; make a livingIn order to 8.make_a_living,_every year, about 2，000 English villagers of Stilton 9.are_concerned_about cheese rolling games.The games 10.appeal_to many people to watch them every year. In the games these villagers who are dressed in 11.a_variety_of strange and funny clothes are in one of the four teams and roll a complete cheese along a 50­metre course. They 12.are_determined_to win the games. On the way, they must not 13.take_turns to kick or throw their cheese.14.Whats_more,_they mustnt go into their competitors lane.完成句子1你越開心，你交的朋友就越多。The_happier you are, the_more friends you will make.2那筆錢不見了這一事實并不意味著是被偷了。The fact that_the_money_has_gone does not mean it was stolen.3如果有必要的話，你可以用這些參考書。You can use these reference books, if_necessary4他為何會犯那樣的錯誤呢？How_come he made mistakes like that? 5壞習(xí)慣一旦形成， 就很難改掉， 有時甚至不可能改掉。Bad habits, once formed, are_difficult_and_sometimes_even_impossible_to_get_rid_of existvi.存在，生存，生活，繼續(xù)存在基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the little money hes earning.(2019·北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing(exist) relationships.(2019·江蘇卷) So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist). 能力提升完成句子有一個解決現(xiàn)存的交通堵塞問題的好辦法。There_exists a good solution to the existing traffic congestion problem.關(guān)于一開始宇宙是如何產(chǎn)生的，科學(xué)家們有多種論說。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came_into_existence/came_into_being(1)exist in在于exist onlive on 靠生存There exist(s) . 有(2)existence n. 存在；實有；生活；生活方式come into existencecome into being 出現(xiàn)；產(chǎn)生(3)existing adj. 現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)行的 名師點津 (1)exist只用作不及物動詞， 因此沒有被動語態(tài)， 且通常不用于進行時。(2)There exist(s).表示“存在， 有”， there不能換成it。 defeatvt.打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n失敗基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)對比填空(defeat；beat；win)No difficulty could defeat/beat this brave man since he is so confident and capable.He was so nervous that he could feel his heart beating faster.Who do you think will win the beauty contest?能力提升完成句子他在競選中擊敗了他的所有對手。He defeated all his opponents in the election.我們以10分的優(yōu)勢戰(zhàn)勝了東道主隊并贏得了這場比賽。We defeated the host team by 10 points and won the game.寫書的困難幾乎把她難住了。The challenges of writing the book almost defeated_her,佳句背誦 Only five years after Steve Jobs death, smart­phones defeated conventional PCs in sales.僅僅在史蒂夫·喬布斯去世5年后，智能手機在銷售額方面就打敗了傳統(tǒng)的家用電腦。(2017·江蘇卷)名師點津 defeat/beatdefeat和beat是同義詞，其賓語為“人”或“一個團體”，?？苫Q。defeat側(cè)重在戰(zhàn)場上打敗敵人。beat常用于游戲或比賽中，還可表示“敲打；(心臟、脈搏)跳動等”winwin后接sth.，表示在較強的競爭中取得了勝利，賓語多為game，war，prize等詞，不能是人；win也可用作不及物動詞，表示“贏，獲勝” determinevt.決定；確定；下定決心基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.(2018·全國卷)Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined(determine) to test my own theory.The determined(determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.能力提升詞匯/句式升級(普通表達)I know an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month. I decide to work as a volunteer.(2019·全國卷)(高級表達)Knowing_an_exhibition_of_Chinese_painting_will_be_held_at the gallery next month, I am_determined to work as a volunteer.(分詞作狀語)(1)determine on/upon決定determine to do sth. 決定做某事(表示動作)determine sb.to do sth. 使某人決定做某事(2)determined adj. 堅決的；有決心的be determined to do sth. 決心做某事(表示狀態(tài))(3)determination n. 決心佳句背誦 As a student in senior high school, the most important task is to study hard, which determines our future.作為一名高中生， 最重要的任務(wù)是努力學(xué)習(xí)， 這決定著我們的未來。名師點津 高考常考查determined to do sth.作狀語，有類似用法的還有l(wèi)ost in, caught in, absorbed in等。 concernvt.(使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到n擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；(利害)關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.We sincerely hope that the authorities concerned(concern) should take effective measures immediately to prevent the environment from being polluted.(2018·全國卷)Im writing to express my opinion concerning(concern) Chinese customs, which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend.能力提升詞匯升級(普通表達)In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.(2019·全國卷)(高級表達)From_my_point_of_view,_it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.(高級表達)As_far_as_Im_concerned,_it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.(1)show/express concern about/for對表示關(guān)心(2)concerned adj. 有關(guān)的；擔(dān)心的；憂慮的be concerned about/for 擔(dān)心；關(guān)心be concerned with 與有關(guān)；涉及as far as.be concerned 就而言；依之見(3)concerning prep. 關(guān)于；涉及佳句背誦 If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustnt miss this excellent opportunity！如果你對我們學(xué)校的歷史感到好奇或者關(guān)心學(xué)校的未來， 那就不要錯過這次極好的機會！(2018·全國卷)聯(lián)想發(fā)散 “就某人而言”的種種表達：in_ones_opinion/view；from_ones_point_of_view；as_far_as_sb._be_concerned ashamedadj.感到慚愧或羞恥的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空He felt ashamed of cheating in the exam, determined never to do such things again.It is a shame that a good student should do something like that.It is shameful(shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.能力提升完成句子讀了上面如此多的媽媽們的抱怨，我感到羞愧和內(nèi)疚。Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I_feel_ashamed_and_guilty(1)be ashamed to do.恥于做；因難為情而不愿做feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth.為(做)某事感到羞愧(2)Its a shame that./What a shame that. 真讓人遺憾。(3)shameful adj. 可恥的；不道德的 佳句背誦 In my opinion，you should be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.依我看來，你應(yīng)該對自己愚蠢的行為感到羞恥。 commentn評論；議論；批評；指責(zé)v評論；批評能力提升完成句子讀了這份報告的研究人員說里面錯誤百出。Researchers who read the report commented_that it had many errors.先生，你會辭職嗎？Will you resign from your office, sir?無可奉告！No_comment!如果你能對我的工作給予建議性的評判的話，我會不勝感激的。Id appreciate it if you could make_helpful_comments_on my work.有些同學(xué)總是喜歡評論我同桌的容貌。Some students are always fond of commenting_on/upon my deskmates look.(1)comment that.評論comment on/upon 評論；批評(2)make (a) comment on/upon sth. 評論某事No comment! 無可奉告！佳句背誦 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔給出評論， 但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方式來表達的。(北京卷) appealn吸引力，魅力；懇求；上訴v求助，訴請；呼吁；有吸引力基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a.(2019·全國卷)In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.bThe police are appealing to the public for information about the missing girl.Our school appeals to the students to_set(set) aside at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to raise learning efficiency.能力提升詞匯升級(普通表達)Your advertisement has attracted me much so I want to apply for the position.(高級表達)Your advertisement has appealed_to me much so I want to apply for the position.(1)sth. appeals to sb.某事對某人有吸引力appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事appeal to sb. for sth. 向某人呼吁某事(2)make an appeal to sb. for. 向某人呼吁/懇求(3)appealing adj.有感染力的；有吸引力的佳句背誦 Our time appeals to everyone to inherit our outstanding traditional culture and improve the old tradition.我們的時代呼吁我們繼承優(yōu)秀的傳統(tǒng)文化， 改進舊的傳統(tǒng)。 balancen天平，秤；平衡vt.平衡；權(quán)衡基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced(balance) diet to satisfy their nutritional needs.能力提升完成句子(天津卷)你太努力工作了，你最好使工作和放松保持平衡。 You are working too hard. Youd better keep_a_balance_between_work_and_relaxation(湖北卷)男孩追他哥哥時，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。When he was running after his brother, the boy lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.(1)balance A against B權(quán)衡/比較A和Bbalance A with B 使A和B平衡(2)keep/lose ones balance 保持/失去平衡break the balance 打破平衡(3)balanced adj. 均衡的語段背誦We should try our best to keep the balance between our development and environment protection. Sometimes, over­development can break the balance of ecology. Once nature loses the balance, it will bring us many disasters. removevt.移動，開除，除去，取消vi.遷移，搬家一詞多義寫出下列句中remove的含義(2019·江蘇卷)What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations？除去(2017·浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.摘掉We tried to remove his doubt and let him tell the truth.打消Three children were removed from the school for bad behaviours yesterday.開除能力提升句式升級(普通表達)What you said has completely removed my doubts.(高級表達)What you said has_had_my_doubts_removed completely. (have賓語賓補)remove.from.把從移開remove from.to. 從搬遷到 佳句背誦 This charming cottage dates back to the 15th century and its new garden which is used to remove stress from our lives is under construction. 這所美麗的村舍是15世紀(jì)時的建筑，它的新花園正在建設(shè)中，以供人們用來消除日常生活的壓力。詞塊助記remove ones doubt/trouble消除某人的疑慮/煩惱remove sb.from school/office 開除/免職某人 behavevt.& vi. 舉動；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空Personally, it is completely wrong of him to behave towards/to others and life with such an attitude.Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and behave themselves(they)能力提升完成句子(2018·全國卷)就我個人而言，我們大家都應(yīng)該注意在公共場所的舉止。As far as Im concerned, all of us should mind_our_behaviour_in_public_places(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.對待某人好/差behave oneself 守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體(2)behavio(u)r n. 舉止；行為 佳句背誦 Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to encourage people to behave properly in public places.與此同時，政府有必要鼓勵人們在公共場所的行為舉止要適當(dāng)。 advancevt.& vi.促進；前進；提前n前進；高升；預(yù)先；進步adj.預(yù)先的；事先的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空This research has done much to_advance(advance) our understanding of language learning.Having shown you around our school, we will introduce our most advanced(advance) science lab to you. It is known to us that we have made advances (advance) in the space technology in the past ten years.能力提升完成句子(2019·全國卷)如果你提前告知我你是否有空我將感激不盡。盼望著早日收到你的來信。Id appreciate it if you let me know whether you are available or not in_advance/ahead_of_time. Im looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.(1)be advanced to.被提拔為(2)in advance(ahead of time) 預(yù)先；提前(指事先)make advances in 在方面取得進步(3)advanced adj. 高級的；先進的 佳句背誦 If you are to treat your friends to dinner in a good restaurant at the weekend, youd better book a table in advance.如果周末你打算邀請朋友去一個好的飯店吃飯，你最好提前訂桌。名師點津 (1)advance vt.不與forward連用；(2)enter(進入)不與into連用；(3)return(回來)不與back連用 signalvi.& vt.發(fā)信號n信號基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(2019·北京卷).the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals(signal) that we really have changed our planet. As soon as he sat down at the table, he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.能力提升句式升級(普通表達)A man stood up and signalled that he was strongly opposed to the plan.(高級表達)A man stood up, signalling_that he was strongly opposed to the plan.(分詞作狀語)(1)a traffic signal交通信號send out a signal 發(fā)出信號(2)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事signal (sb.) that. 示意(某人) 佳句背誦 The grand military parade of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC should be a signal that China has become a rich and powerful country.中華人民共和國成立70周年的盛大閱兵應(yīng)該是中國已經(jīng)成為一個富強的國家的標(biāo)志。 replacevt.代替；取代，更換，更新；把放回原處基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(重慶卷)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not. (安徽卷)First of all, it is now easier to_replace(replace) an object than to spend time and money to repair it.能力提升一句多譯我們的班長將代替我們的班主任參加表彰大會。Our monitor will take_the_place_of/replace our head teacher to attend the commendatory meeting. Our monitor will attend the commendatory meeting in_place_of our head teacher. (1)replace.with/by.用替換，以接替(2)take the place of/take ones place代替in place of./in ones place 代替佳句背誦 Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced.我個人認為商店購物會與家庭購物并存，但絕不會被取代。(安徽卷) put off推遲；延期基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.Considering your income, you should be able to put aside at least twenty dollars a week.Kathy, dont be so discouraged. If you put away such feelings, you will do better next time.Jack couldnt put up with the pressure of his work, so he chose to leave the company.put forward提出(意見、建議)put on 穿上；上演put away 放好(某物)，儲存put up with 容忍，忍受put down 放下；寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓put aside 儲存?zhèn)溆茫涣粝鹿Ｓ眉丫浔痴b Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow.今天能做的事絕不要拖到明天。 give away泄露(秘密)；暴露(自己的情況)；贈送；放棄(機會等)一詞多義寫出下列句中g(shù)ive away的含義(江蘇卷)Would they give away their chance to win the game？放棄(浙江卷)Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.暴露The Students Union called on us to give away our used books to the students in the lower grades.贈送能力提升完成句子The two men were arguing about this matter and neither would give_in(屈服) to each other.Water can absorb and give_off(發(fā)出) a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a stable environment.give in讓步；投降，屈服give back 歸還；恢復(fù)give off 放出；散發(fā)give out 分發(fā)；宣布；用完，耗盡give up 放棄，認輸 詞塊助記 give away the chance to go abroad放棄出國的機會give the book back to the library 把書還給圖書館give off a fragrant perfume 散發(fā)出芳香give up a job 辭職 drop out退出；退學(xué)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空She was injured in the first round and had to drop outWhy dont you drop by/over for coffee sometime?It is reported that traffic accidents have dropped off since the new rule came into being.I also hope that you could drop in on me at your convenience.能力提升完成句子希望工程的目的是幫助因貧窮而輟學(xué)的孩子。The Project Hope is designed to help tho