Module 1 British and American English (建議用時：45分鐘).閱讀理解A(2020·德州高三模擬)Gabriellas family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟諳兩種語言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriellas parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. Its well known that the brains left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didnt have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, its never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雙語學(xué)習(xí)能使大腦更加聰明、更加健康、更活躍；學(xué)習(xí)外語永遠(yuǎn)不遲。1Why is Gabriellas family used as the example in Paragraph 1?ATo show that the family are bilinguals.BTo explain the advantages of bilinguals.CTo illustrate the three types of bilinguals.DTo prove all ages can learn foreign languages.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，Gabriella家中有三種不同的雙語學(xué)習(xí)類型的人，據(jù)此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭為例是為了說明三種不同雙語學(xué)習(xí)類型的人，故C項正確。2Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?ABecause they learn languages with a set of concepts.BBecause they use both hemispheres to learn languages.CBecause their mother tongue doesnt influence them much.DBecause they can easily translate one language into another.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，兒童學(xué)習(xí)語言更容易是因為他們發(fā)育中的大腦讓他們在語言學(xué)習(xí)中使用兩個大腦半球，而在大多數(shù)成年人中，學(xué)習(xí)語言依賴于一個大腦半球，通常是左半球，故B項正確。3Which of the following best explains the underlined word “handicap” in Paragraph 3?ADisease.BDisability.CDisadvantage.DIllness.C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”尤其是該句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線詞與C項“不利因素，障礙”意思相近，故C項正確。4What can we infer from the text?AThe left brain is more important for language learning.BLearning languages can promote the brain development.CThe proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.DImmigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一項研究確實表明，雙語可能會讓你更聰明。它確實會讓你的大腦更復(fù)雜、更健康、更活躍；據(jù)此可推知，學(xué)習(xí)語言會促進大腦的發(fā)展，故B項正確。B(2020·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通話) class, he quickly changed his mind.“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese­speaking friends. While its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.Many experts agree that proficiency(熟練) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “Were seeing it in all parts of the country.”Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講了普通話在美國學(xué)生中日益流行。5Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?AMandarin was easier to learn than Latin.BMandarin could be helpful to his future career.CMandarin might help him learn more about China.DMandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“While its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas Cheatham認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)普通話對他的未來職業(yè)有幫助，所以才決定學(xué)習(xí)普通話。6The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_”Aa slight advantageBthe outside limitCa sharp tone of voiceDan exciting qualityA解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，隨著中國的發(fā)展，學(xué)習(xí)普通話大有裨益，由此可推知，學(xué)習(xí)普通話讓美國學(xué)生在全球經(jīng)濟中有一定的優(yōu)勢，這與文章第五段的內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)。故畫線詞意為“優(yōu)勢”，與A項含義相近。7Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?AMandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.BThose skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.CThe US governments policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.DAmericans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)語境尤其是對第六段的整體理解可推知，在Marty Abbott看來，美國政府的政策有助于普通話在美國的推廣。8What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?AThe rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.BThe great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.CThe influence of Chinas growing power on American education.DThe effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.A解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講述的是普通話在美國學(xué)生中日益流行的現(xiàn)象，這與最后一段的進一步論述呼應(yīng)。故選A。.七選五(2020·廣東七校聯(lián)考)We all have to make decisions all the time, and we have an abundance of choices, ranging from tiny issues to vital ones. Unfortunately, people often find it hard to make decisions. 1._If you would like to improve your skill of decision making, here are four suggestions for you.Dont expect to have it all.2_ You cant order every delicious dish on the menu. And there will be paths not taken, careers not chosen, to name but a few. You can imagine some “what if” situations if you must, but do not let them take up too much space in your brain.3_Its often good to think through your decisions. But dont overdo it. Research can reach a point where returns begin to reduce, which makes it confusing more than clarifying. Many good decisions can be made based as much on intuition(直覺) as on careful assessment of endless data.Dont delay making decisions.Yes, there is a time to put off making a decision. Perhaps you need more information. 4._ Or its likely that you wait for a less stressful time. Just dont wait so long that the decision is made by your own indecisiveness.Dont be hard on yourself.You decide to go on a voyage. You choose an expensive liner. Everything should work out just right. Only you didnt expect a bug that ran around on the ship, making you and your family sick for five days. 5._ But please remember it is unavoidable sometimes.ADont spend too much time thinking.BIt is an important source of information.CYou may regret making such a stupid decision.DDont count on emotion to make decisions.EMaybe you wish to consult with your adviser.FDecisions force us to close the door on other possibilities.GThat means the skill of good decision making counts a lot.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了提高決策技能的四條建議，包括不要求全責(zé)備，不要費時思慮太多，不要延誤做決定和不要苛求自己。1G解析：根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，該句承上啟下；根據(jù)空前一句“Unfortunately, people often find it hard to make decisions.”可知，不幸的是，人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做決定。據(jù)此可以推斷，做好決定的技能很重要，故G項正確?？仗幭挛闹械摹皔our skill of decision making”也是提示。2F解析：根據(jù)該段小標(biāo)題Dont expect to have it all.可知，該段主要論述“不要求全責(zé)備”；結(jié)合空后的“You cant order every delicious dish on the menu. And there will be paths not taken, careers not chosen, to name but a few.”可知，做決定迫使我們關(guān)上了其他可能性的大門，故F項正確。3A解析：根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段的小標(biāo)題；結(jié)合本段第一、二句“Its often good to think through your decisions. But dont overdo it.”可知，該段主要論述“不要費時思慮太多”這一觀點，故A項正確。4E解析：根據(jù)空前的“there is a time to put off making a decision”可知，空處與空前一句和空后一句都為延遲做決定的可能原因，故E項“你可能希望咨詢你的顧問”符合語境。5C解析：根據(jù)該段小標(biāo)題Dont be hard on yourself.可知，該段主要論述“不要苛求自己”；結(jié)合空后一句“But please remember it is unavoidable sometimes.”可知，請你要記住這有時是不可避免的事情。據(jù)此可以推斷，空處表示“你可能會后悔做這個愚蠢的決定”，故C項正確。.完形填空(2020·湖北武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Very few of us become fluent in another language by studying it in high school. I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was _1_. I was well aware that new languages are best learned when _2_， and that our abilities in that regard decline with age. _3_， just before my 50th birthday, I _4_ for French classes.After I was _5_ to see which group I belonged in, I was _6_ at almost the introductory level. I found that it really was true that certain linguistic(語言的) abilities _7_ with age. While Id always thought of myself as a(n) _8_ learner, that was no longer the case. I absorbed new vocabulary very _9_. What I learned one week ago seemed to _10_ as soon as I learned the next skill.Now, a couple of years later, I can listen to the news in French and _11_ 90 percent of it on the first try and read a novel if its not too difficult.Who knows what I might still _12_？Ive learned so much _13_ grammar and vocabulary. Ive met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the _14_ to make fools of themselves in order to _15_ something new. Ive been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many _16_ of the world, including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa.Listening to the news as it is _17_ to the people of France, I have a renewed _18_ of how something can look completely different from another _19_. Ive learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of _20_. But most of all, Ive learned that it really is never too late to learn something new.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過作者學(xué)習(xí)法語的經(jīng)歷告訴我們要活到老，學(xué)到老。1A.unbelievableBpointlessCunbearable DvaluelessB解析：根據(jù)該句“I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was _”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，“我”想努力保留在學(xué)校學(xué)的那一點法語，但最終意識到這是無意義的(pointless)，故選B。2A.energetic BcuriousCyoung DoldC解析：根據(jù)后半句中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并結(jié)合常識可知，年輕的時候?qū)W習(xí)新語言的效果是最好的，故選C。3A.However BThereforeCBesides DMeanwhileA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在50歲生日之前，“我”注冊(registered)了法語課，并結(jié)合上文提到的“年輕的時候?qū)W習(xí)新語言的效果是最好的”可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。4A.sought BregisteredCfought DpreparedB解析：參見上題解析。5A.interviewed BchallengedCasked DtestedD解析：根據(jù)空后的“to see which group I belonged in”并結(jié)合語境可知，經(jīng)過測試(tested)來看“我”屬于哪一個團體之后，“我”被歸(placed) 為幾乎是初級水平，故選D。6A.restricted BwithdrawnCappointed DplacedD解析：參見上題解析。7A.fade BremainCdisappear DimproveA解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并結(jié)合常識可推知，某些語言的能力會隨著年齡的增加而逐漸消失(fade)，故選A。8A.autonomous BaverageCquick DdullC解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，“我”一直認(rèn)為自己是一個學(xué)東西很快的(quick)學(xué)習(xí)者，但卻不再是這樣了，故選C。9A.easily BslowlyCsteadily DrapidlyB解析：結(jié)合語境及上題解析可推知，“我”掌握新詞匯的速度很慢(slowly)，故選B。10A.crowd in Bmake senseCslip away Dbuild upC解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”一學(xué)習(xí)下一個技能，一個星期前學(xué)的就好像消失(slip away)了，故選C。crowd in“涌上(心頭)”；make sense“有意義”；build up“(使)擴大”。11A.catch BreciteCshare DrepeatA解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，“我”第一遍聽法語新聞時能夠理解(catch)90%的內(nèi)容。catch“理解”，故選A。12A.complete BoverlookCperform DaccomplishD解析：根據(jù)語境可知，誰知道“我”仍可能實現(xiàn)(accomplish)什么呢？故選D。13A.except BbeyondCthrough DincludingB解析：根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，“我”認(rèn)為自己學(xué)到的不僅僅是法語的語法和詞匯，故選B。beyond意為“除之外”。14A.confidence BabilityCpatience DcourageD解析：根據(jù)空后的“make fools of themselves in order to _ something new”可知，此處表示“我”遇到了來自世界各行各業(yè)的人，他們?yōu)榱藢W(xué)(learn)一些新的東西而有勇氣(courage)出丑，故選D。15A.learn BexperienceCexplore DpossessA解析：參見上題解析。16A.organizations BcornersCclasses DracesB解析：根據(jù)下文的“including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa”可知，這些老師來自世界的許多地區(qū)(corners)。17A.updated BspreadCpresented DconveyedC解析：根據(jù)語境可知，聽著播放給法國人的新聞，“我”有了一個全新的理解，故選C。present“上演，播出”。18A.understanding BattitudeCknowledge DjudgmentA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”對一些東西是如何從不同角度(angle)看起來完全不同有了全新的理解(understanding)，故選A。19A.manner BaspectCangle DdirectionC解析：參見上題解析。20A.studying BworkingCliving DthinkingD解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，一門語言不僅僅是一組單詞，也是一種思維(thinking)方式。9