1.八大句子成分一 主語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者主語是句子的主體，是句子所要說明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是誰或什么，除倒裝句外，一般位于句子的開頭。主語通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等充當(dāng)。The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is looking for new members right now.我們學(xué)校乒乓球隊(duì)正在招收新隊(duì)員。(名詞短語作主語)To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.首先，我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是下星期五上午10點(diǎn)在教學(xué)樓第8教室我們將開始下堂課。(從句作主語)Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.日常生活中養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣對(duì)我們非常有益。(動(dòng)名詞短語作主語)即時(shí)練1不同的人喜歡不同的季節(jié)；我最喜歡的季節(jié)是春季。(名詞短語作主語)_ like different seasons; _ is spring.與別人友好相處是你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)的第二件事。(不定式短語作主語)_ is the second thing you should learn.我打算告訴你的是關(guān)于我們學(xué)校向你們班贈(zèng)書之事。(從句作主語)_ is about our school's donation of books to your class.答案：Different people; my favourite seasonTo get along well with othersWhat I am going to tell you二 謂語主語的行為或狀態(tài)英語中動(dòng)詞一共分為三大類：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以單獨(dú)作謂語，其他種類的動(dòng)詞都不能單獨(dú)作謂語，連系動(dòng)詞需要和表語構(gòu)成謂語；助動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞需要和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。The earthquake happened in 2016.地震發(fā)生在2016年。(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語)The cake smells good.蛋糕聞起來很好。(“連系動(dòng)詞表語”作謂語)I have already filled in the application form.我已經(jīng)填好了申請(qǐng)表。(“助動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”作謂語)即時(shí)練2半小時(shí)后，我設(shè)法找到了正確答案。(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語)Half an hour later, I _ to find the correct answer.他早上七點(diǎn)起床時(shí)，腦海里突然有了個(gè)大計(jì)劃。(動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語作謂語)When he _ at 7：00 am, a big plan _ him.手表在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺潜匾?，但它的功能太?jiǎn)單呆板了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語)The watch _ in our daily life, but its function _.對(duì)于組織課堂活動(dòng)，我們可能有不同的觀點(diǎn)。(“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”作謂語)We _ different opinions in organizing class activities.答案：managedgot up; occurred tois necessary; is too simple and dullmay have三 賓語動(dòng)作的承受者賓語是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面?？梢杂米髻e語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等。If you are interested in the Chinese folk art, please e­mail me.如果你對(duì)中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)感興趣，請(qǐng)給我發(fā)郵件。(名詞短語作賓語；代詞作賓語)I plan to go for an outing, and I would like to invite you to participate.我計(jì)劃去郊游，我想邀請(qǐng)你參加。(不定式作賓語)I think all our classmates have learned a lot from our communication and the various activities.我認(rèn)為我們所有的同班同學(xué)從交流和各種各樣的活動(dòng)中學(xué)到了很多東西。(從句作賓語)What he says suggests that he cares little about others' pain or trouble, even if they're his friends.他說的話表明他很少關(guān)心他人的痛苦或困難，即使他們是他的朋友。(從句作賓語)即時(shí)練3我已經(jīng)寫了申請(qǐng)書和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷。(名詞短語作賓語)I've already written _.他突然想在啟程之前再看看這座城市的美景。(動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語)Suddenly he thought of _ before setting out.我們的成功取決于我們彼此合作的良好程度。(從句作賓語)Our success depends on _.答案：the application letter and personal resumeseeing the beautiful views of the city againhow well we can cooperate with one another四 表語主語的特征表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等，位于系動(dòng)詞之后，與之構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢杂米鞅碚Z的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語或從句等。His theory sounds reasonable.他的理論聽起來是合理的。(形容詞作表語)All the people are in high spirits.所有的人都情緒高漲。(介詞短語作表語)即時(shí)練4這次展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護(hù)。(名詞作表語)The theme of the show is _.那時(shí)，我成了全班的焦點(diǎn)，充滿了自豪和自信。(形容詞短語作表語)At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was _.幾分鐘過去了，但是整個(gè)班級(jí)一片寂靜。(介詞短語作表語)Several minutes passed but the whole class was _.答案：environmental protectionfull of great pride and confidencein complete silence五 定語名詞的修飾語定語是用來描述名詞的品質(zhì)與特征的修飾語，它常和名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語。單個(gè)詞作定語時(shí)常放在被修飾詞之前，而短語或從句作定語時(shí)往往放在被修飾詞之后?？梢杂米鞫ㄕZ的有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞或從句等。Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.歡迎任何感興趣的同學(xué)參加。(who引導(dǎo)的從句作定語)即時(shí)練5我們可能有各種各樣應(yīng)對(duì)此類情形的方法。(不定式短語作定語)We may have various ways _.據(jù)報(bào)道，同學(xué)們提供的所有書籍都在幾天前送給了鄉(xiāng)下的孩子們。(過去分詞短語作定語)All the books _ are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.李華多么后悔把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在玩電腦游戲上！(從句作定語)How Li Hua regretted the valuable time _！你認(rèn)識(shí)那位住在隔壁的婦女嗎？(從句作定語)Do you know the woman _？答案：to deal with such a situationoffered by the students(that) he had spent on the computer gameswho lives next door六 狀語動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或句子的修飾語狀語是用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的一種成分?？梢杂米鳡钫Z的有：副詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或從句等。Visiting this exhibition, we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot.參觀展覽時(shí)，我們不僅能欣賞民間藝術(shù)作品，而且能學(xué)習(xí)很多知識(shí)。(分詞作狀語)After every game we will select the best players.每次比賽之后我們將選出最佳選手。(介詞短語作狀語)If you join, you may send your information to intlpssppt.要是你參加，請(qǐng)把信息發(fā)送到郵箱intlpssppt。(從句作狀語)即時(shí)練6旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高興。(介詞短語和形容詞作狀語)_， he returned home, _.為了解決這個(gè)問題，我和同學(xué)們進(jìn)行了討論，想出了一個(gè)建議并匯報(bào)給了校長(zhǎng)。(不定式短語作狀語)_， my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported it to the headmaster.答案：After a week's trip; tired but very happyTo solve this problem七 補(bǔ)足語對(duì)主語或賓語的補(bǔ)充說明補(bǔ)足語是一種補(bǔ)充主語或賓語意義的句子成分。補(bǔ)充主語意義的句子成分叫作主語補(bǔ)足語；補(bǔ)充賓語意義的句子成分叫作賓語補(bǔ)足語?？梢杂米餮a(bǔ)足語的有：形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞或介詞短語等。Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult things in my life.夏天使我精力充沛，我感到我有力量去做我一生中最難做的事。(形容詞短語作賓補(bǔ))即時(shí)練7科普書能幫助我們學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)和自然更感興趣。(不定式短語作賓補(bǔ))Popular science books can help us students _.為了學(xué)好英語，我們應(yīng)該找機(jī)會(huì)盡可能多地聽別人說英語。(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ))To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as possible.我希望變化沒有給你帶來太多的麻煩。(名詞作賓補(bǔ))I hope the change will not cause you _.答案：(to) become more interested in science and naturespokentoo much trouble八 同位語同等重要的修飾語對(duì)句子中的名詞或代詞的進(jìn)一步解釋、說明，與前面的成分在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位語?？梢杂米魍徽Z的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等。There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.毫無疑問，通過我的努力我會(huì)提高它的聲譽(yù)。(從句作同位語)Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.就我個(gè)人而言，我更喜歡“長(zhǎng)江之行”，長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流、中華文明母親河之一。(名詞短語作同位語)即時(shí)練8他們?nèi)齻€(gè)想一起步行周游世界。(數(shù)詞作同位語)They _ want to travel around the world together on foot.我們打算去當(dāng)?shù)匾患揖蠢显哼^即將到來的重陽節(jié)，該節(jié)日顯示了我們對(duì)老年人的尊重。(名詞作同位語)We are going to go to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, _ for us to show our respect for the elderly.我認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該去幫助他們克服目前的困難。(從句作同位語)I hold the opinion _.答案：threea holidaythat we should go and help them (to) overcome the current difficulty過關(guān)練.分析句子成分1. ._ _ _ _答案：狀語主語謂語賓語狀語2. ._ _ _ _答案：狀語主語謂語賓語3. ._ _ _ _答案：主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)狀語4. ._ _ _答案：主語定語謂語(系動(dòng)詞表語)5. ._ _ _ _答案：狀語主語謂語主補(bǔ)6. ._ _ _答案：主語謂語同位語.按要求完成下面短文Dear Mr Headmaster，I'm Li Yue, _1_ (高三一班的學(xué)生，用名詞作同位語). I am writing to draw your attention to improper behaviour, _2_ 其中最常見的是隨意亂涂(scribble)和亂丟垃圾(litter)，用定語從句. It makes our school _3_ (臟亂不堪，用形容詞作賓補(bǔ)) and does harm to the image of our shool. I always feel ashamed _4_ (每當(dāng)我看到這點(diǎn)時(shí)，用狀語從句). It is not appropriate _5_ (對(duì)學(xué)生來說隨意亂涂和亂丟垃圾，用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作真正主語). I wonder _6_ (是否學(xué)校能夠放置更多的垃圾箱，用賓語從句) and set up special rules against such behaviour. At the same time, students _7_ (應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)作謂語) to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become _8_ (一個(gè)更令人愉快的地方，用名詞短語作表語) in the near future. Thank you for your consideration.Yours faithfully，Li Yue1_2._3_4._5_6._7_8._答案：1.a student from Class 1, Senior 32.of which scribbling and littering are the most common3.dirty and unpleasant4.whenever I see this5.for a student to scribble and litter6.if/whether the school could place more dustbins7.should be encouraged8.a more enjoyable place- 7 -