8B Unit6 Sunshine for all（Reading知識(shí)點(diǎn)）1. Im training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games. 我在訓(xùn)練成為一名奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的志愿者。train此處用作動(dòng)詞，意為“培訓(xùn)，接受訓(xùn)練”。He is training to be a doctor.We should train students to form good habits. 我們應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練學(xué)生養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣。【拓展】train還可用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“火車”。Ill go there by train. 我會(huì)坐火車去那兒。training是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“訓(xùn)練”。You need more training. 你需要更多的訓(xùn)練。2. Will you support me, Eddie? 你會(huì)支持我嗎，艾迪？?support此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“支持”。We support you, Lily. 莉莉，我們支持你。I dont support his opinion. 我不支持他的看法?！就卣埂縮upport還可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“支持，擁護(hù)”。He needs our support. 他需要我們的支持。supporter 可數(shù)名詞，意為“支持者，擁護(hù)者”。He has many supporters. 他有很多擁護(hù)者。3. Its meaningful to do something for the Olympics. 為奧運(yùn)會(huì)做事情是很有意義的。?meaningful 形容詞，意為“有意義的”，其反義詞為meaningless，意為“無意義的”，在句中可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。What he did is meaningful. 他所做的很有意義。He gave me a meaningful look. 他意味深長(zhǎng)地看了我一眼。4. How can I help then? 那么我怎么才能幫助（你）？辨析：can與be able to5. I need some more food to eat at work. 我工作時(shí)需要吃更多的食物。?some more意為“再來一點(diǎn)，再多一點(diǎn)”，more多與some，many，much，any或數(shù)詞連用，并位于它們的后面，表示“再，又”。I need two more tickets. 我還需要兩張票。Lets cook your fish some more. 咱們把你的魚再多烤一會(huì)兒?！就卣埂俊皵?shù)詞 + more + 名詞”相當(dāng)于“another + 數(shù)詞 + 名詞”We want to buy ten more apples. = We want to buy another ten apples. 我們想再買10個(gè)蘋果。6. They can provide special places for homeless people to stay. 他們可以為無家可歸的人提供特別的地方居住。?homeless 形容詞，意為“無家可歸的”，在句中可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，它是由“home + 否定后綴less”構(gòu)成的。Floods made thousands of people homeless. 水災(zāi)使成千上萬的人無家可歸。 ?provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 意為“為某人提供某物”。 They often provide food for hungry children.= They often provide hungry children with food. 他們經(jīng)常為饑餓的孩子們提供食物?！緍eading】1. Liu Ming did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Special Olympics World Summer Games in Shanghai, back in October 2007. 當(dāng)劉明為2007年10月在上海舉行的夏季特奧會(huì)做志愿者時(shí)，他不知道能期待什么。 ?expect 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“期待，指望，預(yù)料”。I expect to meet my good friend in Paris. 我期待在巴黎見到我的好朋友。 I expect that he will pass the exam. 我期望他能通過考試。?volunteer此處用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“志愿做”，還可以用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“志愿者”。I want to be a volunteer to help the children in the mountain areas. 我想做一名志愿者去幫助山區(qū)的孩子。2. The Special Olympics World Summer Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world. 特奧會(huì)給有智力缺陷的孩子和成人一個(gè)向全世界展示能力的機(jī)會(huì)。?句中的with intellectual disabilities為后置定語(yǔ)，修飾children and adults。介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般要后置。The students on duty are cleaning the classroom. 值日生正在打掃教室。 ?chance 可數(shù)名詞，意為“機(jī)會(huì)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性。You have no chance now. 你現(xiàn)在沒有機(jī)會(huì)了。I will give you a chance to volunteer. 我會(huì)給你一個(gè)做志愿者的機(jī)會(huì)。3. They include many events similar to those in the Olympics 它們包括很多與奧運(yùn)會(huì)類似的項(xiàng)目。?event此處為可數(shù)名詞，意為“比賽項(xiàng)目；大事”。How many events are there at your school sports meeting? 你們學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)有多少比賽項(xiàng)目？Its an event in history. 那是歷史上的一件大事。?similar 形容詞，意為“類似的”，be similar to意為“與.相似”，其中to為介詞，其后多接名詞或代詞。Their life is similar to ours. 他們的生活和我們的相似?！就卣埂縝e similar in 意為“在.方面相似”。They are similar in colour. 它們?cè)陬伾舷嗨啤?. Over 40,000 people gave up their spare time for the 2007 Special Olympics World Games. 為了2007年特奧會(huì)4萬多人放棄了他們的休息時(shí)間。?give up意為“放棄”，是動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)，此處作為動(dòng)詞詞組使用，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。He gave up the journey. 他放棄了這次旅行。Dont give up studying. 不要放棄學(xué)習(xí)?！就卣埂縢ive up是動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)，后跟人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，代詞要放在動(dòng)詞和副詞中間。Dont worry. I will give it up. 不要擔(dān)心，我會(huì)放棄它的。5. Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. 然后，他們?yōu)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)員提供支持，使本屆特奧會(huì)取得很大的成功。? make the event a great success，是“make + sb./sth. + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中the event是make的賓語(yǔ)，a great success為其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Hard life makes the boy a man. 艱苦的生活使這個(gè)男孩成為一個(gè)男子漢。 We made Tom our monitor. 我們讓湯姆做我們的班長(zhǎng)?！就卣埂縨ake后還可以用形容詞、過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。The boy often makes his mother angry. 這個(gè)男孩經(jīng)常讓他媽媽生氣。I cant make myself understood in Chinese. 我說漢語(yǔ)，人家聽不懂。6. I was the swimming coach 我是一個(gè)?的游泳教練。?coach此處為可數(shù)名詞，意為“教練”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為“coaches”。Both of them are coaches. 他們倆都是教練。【拓展】coach還可用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“訓(xùn)練，指導(dǎo)”。Can you help coach a football team for little kids? 你可以幫助訓(xùn)練一支少年足球隊(duì)嗎？coach作為名詞還有“客車，長(zhǎng)途汽車”的意思。A coach got to the station. 一輛客車到達(dá)了車站。7. He was born with intellectual disabilities. 他生下來就有智力缺陷。?be bore with意為“生來具有?”He was born with a weak body. 他生來體弱。8. To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver , but to take part. 對(duì)李海來說，最重要的不是贏得金牌或銀牌，而是參與。?gold此處為可數(shù)名詞，意為“金牌”。He won many golds. 他贏得了很多金牌。【拓展】gold還可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“黃金，金子”。How much gold do you have? 你有多少黃金？gold還可用作形容詞，意為“金黃色的；金質(zhì)的”。The girl with a gold watch is Mary. 那個(gè)戴金表的女孩是瑪麗。9. He feels more confident now because of the Special Olympics World Games. 由于特奧會(huì)，他現(xiàn)在覺得更自信了。?confident 形容詞，意為“自信的”，可以作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。He is a confident person. 他是一個(gè)自信的人。【拓展】be confident of sth. 意為“對(duì)?有信心”；be confident后面也可以接that從句。Mary is confident of passing the exam.= Mary is confident that she can pass the exam. 瑪麗有信心能通過考試。10. Athletes and volunteers from different backgrounds feel like part of one big family. 來自不同背景的運(yùn)動(dòng)員和志愿者就像一個(gè)大家庭中的一員。?feel like意為“覺得，感覺像是”，like是介詞，后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式。 I feel like that I am ill. 我覺得我病了。【拓展】feel like 還可意為“想要，想”。Do you feel like a cup of tea? 你想要一杯茶嗎？11. Its great for us to work closely with these special athletes. 對(duì)我們來說，能和這些特殊運(yùn)動(dòng)員們近距離共事真的很棒。?closely 副詞，意為“密切地”。The teacher noticed that student closely. 老師密切地關(guān)注著那個(gè)學(xué)生。辨析：closely和closeThis problem is closely connected with that one. 這個(gè)問題與那個(gè)問題密切相關(guān)。 His father lives quite close by. 他父親和他住的很近。My close friends house is close to the school. 我摯友的家緊鄰學(xué)校。Its dangerous for us to take a _ look at the tiger in the zoo.（close/closely）12. You get to help them achieve their dreams 你有機(jī)會(huì)幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想? ?get to do sth. 此處意為“有機(jī)會(huì)做某事，得到做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”。He got to take part in the Olympics. 他得到了參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)?！就卣埂縢et to sb. 意為“使某人惱怒或生氣，影響某人”。Dont let them get to you. 不要讓他們影響你。?achieve 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到”。主語(yǔ)多為人，長(zhǎng)用來表示“取得成就，達(dá)到目的”。Mary hopes to achieve her dreams. 瑪麗希望實(shí)現(xiàn)她的夢(mèng)想。【拓展】come true 意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，其主語(yǔ)是夢(mèng)想之類的事物；achieve的主語(yǔ)則I think your dream will come true. 我認(rèn)為你的夢(mèng)想會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。= I think you will achieve your dream. 我認(rèn)為你會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想的。13. I know some people offer to help without getting paid for the event. 我知道一些人不要報(bào)酬主動(dòng)為比賽項(xiàng)目提供幫助。?offer to do sth. 意為“主動(dòng)提出做某事”。Mary offered to help me with my English. 瑪麗主動(dòng)提出幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)?！就卣埂縪ffer sth. 提供某物He offered some advice. 他提供了一些建議。offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物They offered us hot water. = They offered hot water to us. 他們向我們提供了熱水。14. Maybe thats why this event is so different from other usual games! 或許那就是這項(xiàng)比賽與其他平常運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)如此不同的原因！?thats why 意為“那就是?的理由/原因”，why引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。 Thats why he is late for school. 那就是他上學(xué)遲到的原因。?be different from 意為“和?不同”，其反義短語(yǔ)為the same as，意為“和?相同”。Your shoes are different from mine. 你的鞋子和我的不一樣。15. What are the Special Olympics World Games for? 為什么舉辦特奧會(huì)？ ?Whatfor? 意為“為什么?？”-What are you here for? 你為什么在這兒？-To meet my uncle. 來接我叔叔。辨析：whatfor和why-Why were you late for school? 你為什么上學(xué)遲到了？-Because I missed the early bus. 因?yàn)槲覜]趕上早班車。練一練：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Will you give up _ (play) the piano?2. Its _ (meaning) to save the wild animals.3. Its easy for him _ (achieve) his dream.4. No one expects _ (lose) the chance.5. I dont feel like _ (eat) anything.