Unit 4 Global warming.閱讀理解(2018·全國)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(裝置) well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解決方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for world processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是議論文。當(dāng)我們購買了新的電子設(shè)備時,我們?nèi)匀皇褂门f的電子設(shè)備。其實,舊電子設(shè)備耗費的能源比新設(shè)備要多,從而損害我們的環(huán)境、浪費我們的金錢。1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.”可知,過時的設(shè)備要比新設(shè)備消耗更多的能源,因此可推測出新設(shè)備對環(huán)境有好處。2.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt.tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life.”可知,Babbitt和她的同事做這項研究是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)這些設(shè)備所消耗的能量,所以選D項。3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的最后一句“They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%”可知,B項使用的能量最少。4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology.”以及第三段中的“As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones”可知,文章建議人們不要再使用舊的電子設(shè)備。.七選五Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human.We might use the word “negative” to describe difficult emotions,but it doesnt mean those emotions are bad or we shouldnt have them.Still,most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one.1. What matters is how our emotions are balancedhow much of each type of emotion,positive or negative,we experience.Negative emotions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with.For example,fear can make us aware of possible danger.2. Angry feelings warn us that someone is stepping on our toes,crossing a boundary,or losing our trust.Anger can be a signal that we might need to act on our own behalf. Negative emotions focus our awareness.3. But too many negative emotions can make us feel anxious,exhausted,or stressed out.When negative emotions are out of balance,problems might seem too big to handle. Positive emotions balance out negative ones,and they have other powerful benefits,too.Instead of narrowing our focus like negative emotions do,positive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness,attention,and memory.They help us take in more information and hold several ideas in mind at once.4.When positive emotions open us up to new possibilities,we are more able to learn and build on our skills.5. A.What helps you feel confident?B.That leads to doing better on tasks and tests.C.Its a signal that we might need to protect ourselves.D.They help us focus on a problem so we can deal with it.E.For example,its likely that youd prefer to feel happy instead of sad.F.And they then make us understand how different ideas relate to each other.G.Pay attention to these powerful tools and find ways to make time for them.答案與解析【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是議論文。文章論述了消極情緒和積極情緒的作用。1.EE項是對上文“Still,most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one.”的舉例說明。2.C根據(jù)上文的“.fear can make us aware of possible danger.”可判斷,C項內(nèi)容與之相呼應(yīng)。3.D結(jié)合上下文可知,D項是對上文“Negative emotions focus our awareness.”的進(jìn)一步說明。4.FF項與上文的“.hold several ideas in mind at once.”相呼應(yīng)。5.BB項中的That指代上文的“.learn and build on our skills.”,說明積極情緒的好處。.完形填空(2018·浙江)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money,but is it 1 to have too much time? I 2 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 3 a team sport.By the time I got home,I only had a few hours to do my homework,and I had to do it 4. When I got into college,things 5.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this 6 time,there was no sense of 7 to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 8.Once that happened,I just kept 9 my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was 10 really late at night to get my work done. One day I 11 a former classmate of mine who was 12 a lot of money running a sideline(副業(yè)).Since his regular job was 13,I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline full-time.He said without the job,he would 14 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 15.He said that if he 16 the job,he would lose his 17 to work and succeed. So,try 18 your time with other work.This is why there is a 19 that if you want something done,ask a 20 person to do it. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。時間比金錢珍貴,但是我們可能擁有太多的時間嗎?作者把高中生活與大學(xué)生活做比較,把自己的生活與老同學(xué)的生活做比較,最后用一句諺語做總結(jié):要想效率高,就要將事情交給忙人做。1.A.trueB.fairC.strangeD.possible答案D解析我們都知道時間比金錢珍貴的道理,但是我們可能擁有太多的時間嗎?根據(jù)句意可知,D項符合語境。true“真正的”;fair“公平的”;strange“奇怪的”;possible“可能的”。2.A.rememberB.admitC.understandD.expect答案A解析根據(jù)下文的時態(tài)及語境可知,此處指“我”開始回憶高中生活。remember back是固定搭配,意為“回想”,符合句意,故選A項。3.A.watchedB.lovedC.coachedD.played答案D解析根據(jù)上下文可知,除了學(xué)習(xí),“我”還參加團(tuán)體運動。watch“觀看”;love“喜愛”;coach“訓(xùn)練”;play“參加比賽”,故D項更符合句意。4.A.at lastB.right awayC.of courseD.as usual答案B解析根據(jù)前面的“only”可知,“我”僅剩下一點時間可以做作業(yè),因此,“我”不得不馬上完成。at last“最后”;right away“馬上”;of course“當(dāng)然”;as usual“像往常一樣”,故選B項。5.A.happenedB.repeatedC.changedD.mattered答案C解析根據(jù)下文的“suddenly”可知,當(dāng)“我”進(jìn)入了大學(xué),事情發(fā)生了改變。happen“發(fā)生”;repeat“重復(fù)”;change“改變”;matter“要緊”。故選C項。6.A.extraB.difficultC.valuableD.limited答案A解析根據(jù)上文及后文的“waiting until”可知,“我”步入大學(xué)后,情況發(fā)生了變化,時間比高中增多。extra意為“額外的”,故選A項。7.A.dutyB.achievementC.urgencyD.direction答案C解析根據(jù)句意可知,因為所有這些額外的時間,導(dǎo)致“我”對學(xué)業(yè)沒有緊迫感。duty“職責(zé)”;achievement“成就”;urgency“緊迫”;direction“方向”,故選C項。8.A.burdenB.reliefC.riskD.habit答案D解析根據(jù)后文可知,“我”一直在等待,直到后來變成了一個習(xí)慣。burden“負(fù)擔(dān)”;relief“解除”;risk“危險”;habit“習(xí)慣”。故選D項。9.A.pushingB.takingC.settingD.calling答案A解析根據(jù)下文的“further and further”可知,此處表示“我”越來越懶散,不斷地把我的學(xué)習(xí)推得越來越晚。故選A項。10.A.hanging outB.staying upC.jogging roundD.showing off答案B解析根據(jù)句意及下文的“l(fā)ate at night”可知,此處表示“我”熬夜直到完成工作,stay up是固定短語,意為“熬夜”,故選B項。hang out“閑逛”;jog round“慢跑”;show off“炫耀”。11.A.metB.helpedC.treatedD.hired答案A解析根據(jù)后文可知,“我”與老同學(xué)只是相遇,并無其他“幫助”,“款待”或“雇用”之意,故選A項。12.A.raisingB.wastingC.demandingD.making答案D解析根據(jù)后文的“running a sideline(副業(yè))”及“succeed”可知,老同學(xué)事業(yè)有成,開創(chuàng)了副業(yè),賺了許多錢。make a lot of money是固定短語,意為“賺了很多錢”,故選D項。13.A.safeB.importantC.boringD.rewarding答案C解析根據(jù)后文可知,“我”詢問老同學(xué)為什么不全心全意只做副業(yè),據(jù)此可以推斷,此處意為“他的工作很枯燥無味”,故選C項。14.A.luckilyB.hardlyC.hopefullyD.simply答案D解析根據(jù)句意及后文的“and would just do”可知,如果沒有這份工作,他會有太多的時間,只會做“我”在大學(xué)里做過的事情。此處的simply與just相呼應(yīng),故選D項。15.A.childhoodB.collegeC.townD.business答案B解析參見上題解析。16.A.quitB.foundC.acceptedD.kept答案A解析根據(jù)句意及后文的“l(fā)ose”可知,此處意為“假如辭職,他就會失去工作與成功的動力”。quit意為“放棄”,故選A項。17.A.heartB.chanceC.driveD.way答案C解析參見上題解析。heart“心臟”;chance“機會”;drive“驅(qū)動力”;way“方法”。故選C項。18.A.savingB.filling upC.giving upD.trading答案B解析根據(jù)上文可知,此處表示“我”建議大家要讓工作占滿自己的時間,save“節(jié)省”;fill up“填充”;give up“放棄”;trade“交易”。故選B項。19.A.messageB.storyC.sayingD.fact答案C解析根據(jù)下文的“if you want something done,ask a 55 person to do it”可知,此處是一句諺語,故選C項。 20.A.carefulB.busyC.reliableD.kind答案B解析要想效率高,就要將事情交給忙人做。根據(jù)句意及全文內(nèi)容可知,B項更符合句意。careful“仔細(xì)的”;busy“繁忙的”;reliable“可靠的”;kind“仁慈的”。6