Unit 4 Pygmalion李仕才一、閱讀理解。Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. In the first study of its kind, a team of international researchers looked into the damage caused by one of the pollutants that have the severest impact on healthPM 2. 5. They found that Vitamin B supplement could effectively reduce the impact of the tiny particles(顆粒)on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. According to the WHO, 92% of the worlds people are living in places where the PM 2. 5 level goes beyond the recommended level. So its urgent to find a solution to the problem. According to this study, published in the PNAS, 10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo(安慰劑)to check their baseline responses. The group then kept on taking placebos for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1, 000 cars passed every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2. 5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of Vitamin B6, and 1 mg of Vitamin B12. Vitamin B6 can be found in liver, chicken, nuts and other things, and Vitamin B12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals. The researchers found that four weeks of Vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM 2. 5 effects by 28-76%. The results emphasized how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight against the damage of PM 2. 5, the researchers said. 【文章大意】本文主要通過(guò)一些實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們維生素B對(duì)減輕PM 2. 5對(duì)身體的傷害有什么樣的功效。1. Whats the newly discovered effect of Vitamin B in Paragraph 1? A. It can be used to replace other vitamins in our daily life. B. It can help lower the air pollution level in the open air. C. It can reduce the impact of PM 2. 5 on human bodies. D. It can get rid of the pollutants remaining in our bodies. 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. ”, 可知維生素B可以減少造成空氣污染的危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)的影響, 而后一句又提到了對(duì)健康危害最大的危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)是PM 2. 5, 故選C。2. What can be learned from the second paragraph? A. Further study about the effect of Vitamin B needs to be done. B. Vitamin B is the most important to humans health. C. The tiny particles in the air are made up of PM 2. 5. D. 92% of the worlds people are affected by PM 2. 5. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“. . . although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. ”可知關(guān)于維生素B的功效的研究還處于初期階段, 所以仍需進(jìn)一步的研究探索。3. How did researchers draw the new conclusion about Vitamin B? A. By referring to a journal. B. By performing experiments. C. By interviewing scientists. D. By comparing vitamins. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2. 5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of Vitamin B6, and 1 mg of Vitamin B12. ”, 中的experiment表明研究者是通過(guò)做實(shí)驗(yàn)得出新的結(jié)論的。4. You may read the passage on a website about _. A. environmentB. medicineC. educationD. health【解析】選D。推理判斷題。本文主要通過(guò)一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們維生素B可以減輕PM 2. 5對(duì)我們身體的傷害, 主題圍繞著健康展開(kāi), 故選D。二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1We had no _ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country.答案：hesitationhave no hesitation in doing . “毫不猶豫地做”。2_ (classify) so many books in libraries usually takes them lots of time.答案：Classifying句子中缺少主語(yǔ)，且指一般性情況，故應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞classifying，在句中作主語(yǔ)。3Generally _ (speak), youths of eighteen are too young for such work.答案：speakinggenerally speaking “一般來(lái)說(shuō)”。4What you said has led to the _(mistake) belief that smoking is not harmful.答案：mistaken修飾名詞belief應(yīng)用形容詞，故填mistaken “錯(cuò)誤的”。5The school makes it clear that essays from online should not be passed off _being written by the students.答案：aspass . off as . “把看作或冒充成”。6_if we invited them to come here for a party instead?答案：What固定句式what if “倘使/如果將會(huì)怎樣？”。7Parents should teach their children to behave _(proper) in public.答案：properly此處應(yīng)用副詞來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞behave, 故填properly。8They made rude _(remark) about her appearance.答案：remarksmake remarks/a remark about . “對(duì)發(fā)表評(píng)論”。9The information you gathered is _ great help to me.答案：of“of抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于其對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞，of great helpvery helpful “非常有幫助”。10_(take) according to the instructions, the medicine has no side effect.答案：Taken所給動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)medicine之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。三、完形填空。I was surprised when I received a short message from my father wishing me a happy birthday. I had _1_ to hear from my mother, my grandmother and my other relatives _2_ never from my father. Lying in bed, _3_ of my father flooded back. When I was a little boy, I regarded my father as a(n) _4_ able to do anything. _5_ ，things slowly began to _6_. The more I learned, the more I doubted what he said. The gap between us grew and, at last, I didn't _7_ like communicating with him. My father, in my mind, had no _8_ in talking with me. Dinner was the only time we were together. He had no time to watch TV with me. He would tell me to ask my mother _9_ I needed something. He even refused to answer my _10_ when I phoned from school. I _11_ the changes. I thought that perhaps my father no longer _12_ me. Over time, however, I began to wonder whether my _13_ was right. One day, my mother told me that each time I called, father was _14_ listening beside her. Suddenly, I hated myself for my _15_ behavior toward him. I planned thousands of times to _16_ my father. In the end, however, I was always too embarrassed about what I had done. But that Saturday, I was so _17_ by his short message. I realized then that my father's love for me had never disappeared! I decided to send a _18_ ：“Thank you, my dear father.” Two days later, when I returned home, my mother told me that my father had been so _19_ when he received my reply. She said he had _20_ from morning till night. At that moment, I felt truly happy.【文章大意】作者回憶了自己與父親關(guān)系的變化，體會(huì)到了父親對(duì)他的愛(ài)從未消失過(guò)。1A.expected Bintended Cplanned Dwanted答案與解析：A根據(jù)第一段“I was surprised when I received a short message from my father.”及下文對(duì)自己與父親之間關(guān)系的描述可知，作者預(yù)想到會(huì)收到母親、外婆和其他親屬的來(lái)信，但從未期待過(guò)會(huì)收到來(lái)自父親的問(wèn)候。expect意為“期待”，故選A項(xiàng)。intend意為“想要；打算”；plan意為“計(jì)劃”；want意為“想要”。2A.and Bso Cbut Dor答案與解析：C'根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“never from my father”可知，作者從未期待過(guò)收到來(lái)自父親的問(wèn)候，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but連接。3A.opinions Bmemories Cthoughts Dresponses答案與解析：B'根據(jù)空后的“flooded back”及下一段中“When I was a little boy.”可知，關(guān)于父親的記憶(memories)涌入腦海中。故選B項(xiàng)。opinion意為“意見(jiàn)；看法”；thought意為“想法”；response意為“反應(yīng)；答復(fù)”。4A.angel Bteacher Chero Dfriend答案與解析：C根據(jù)空后的“able to do anything”可知，作者小時(shí)候認(rèn)為父親是一個(gè)無(wú)所不能的英雄(hero)。故選C項(xiàng)。5A.However BOtherwise CTherefore DBesides答案與解析：A作者小時(shí)候認(rèn)為父親是英雄，后來(lái)學(xué)到的東西越多，作者越懷疑父親說(shuō)的話，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。6A.improve Bchange Cdevelop Dappear答案與解析：B句意為：然而，情況慢慢開(kāi)始發(fā)生了變化(change)。故選B項(xiàng)。7A.still Bever Cyet Deven答案與解析：D隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，作者與父親之間的隔閡越來(lái)越深，甚至不喜歡與父親交流。設(shè)空處用even表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)。8A.interest Btime Cchance Dcourage答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文可知，作者的父親不會(huì)和他一起看電視甚至有時(shí)候會(huì)拒接電話，因此，作者認(rèn)為父親沒(méi)有興趣(interest)與他聊天。故選A項(xiàng)。9A.in case Bif Ceven if Dafter答案與解析：B如果作者需要什么東西，父親會(huì)讓他問(wèn)母親。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B項(xiàng)，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。10A.letters Be­mails Cquestions Dcalls答案與解析：D'根據(jù)下文“when I phoned from school”可知，作者從學(xué)校打來(lái)電話，父親甚至?xí)芙印９蔬xD項(xiàng)。11A.got fond of Bgot tired of Cgot familiar with Dgot accustomed to答案與解析：D'上文作者回憶了很多事，寫出與父親前后關(guān)系的變化，隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者習(xí)慣了(got accustomed to)這些變化。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選D項(xiàng)。get fond of意為“喜歡上”；get tired of 意為“對(duì)厭倦”；get familiar with意為“對(duì)熟悉”。12A.helped Bsupported Cloved Dmissed答案與解析：C'根據(jù)上文可知，作者認(rèn)為父親沒(méi)有興趣和他聊天，拒接電話，對(duì)他漠不關(guān)心，因此覺(jué)得父親或許不再愛(ài)(loved)他。故選C項(xiàng)。help意為“幫助”；support意為“支持；擁護(hù)”；miss意為“想念；錯(cuò)失”。13A.behavior Battitude Cmanner Daction答案與解析：A'根據(jù)本段最后一句“I hated myself for my _behavior.”可知，本空是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者開(kāi)始思考自己的行為(behavior)是否正確。故選A項(xiàng)。attitude意為“態(tài)度”；manner意為“舉止；方式”；action意為“行動(dòng)”。14A.often Balways Cseldom Dnever答案與解析：B'有一天母親告訴作者每次他打電話，父親總是(always)在旁邊聽(tīng)著。故選B項(xiàng)。15A.casual Brude Ccold Dcruel答案與解析：C'聽(tīng)了母親的話，作者開(kāi)始討厭自己對(duì)父親冷漠的(cold)行為。故選C項(xiàng)。casual意為“隨便的”；rude意為“粗魯?shù)摹保籧ruel意為“殘忍的”。16A.apologise to Bwrite to Ctalk with Dconsult with答案與解析：A'根據(jù)前文可知，作者已經(jīng)意識(shí)到自己的行為有錯(cuò)，故想要找機(jī)會(huì)道歉，apologise to意為“向道歉”，故選A項(xiàng)。consult with意為“請(qǐng)教；商討”。17A.excited Bconfused Ctouched Dpleased答案與解析：C'根據(jù)下文“I realized then that my father's love for me had never disappeared.”可知，作者意識(shí)到父親對(duì)他的愛(ài)從未消失過(guò)，因此，收到父親的短信他非常感動(dòng)(touched)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及后面的by可知選C項(xiàng)。excited意為“興奮的”；confused意為“困惑的”；pleased意為“高興的”。18A.letter Bcard Cgift Dreply答案與解析：D'根據(jù)上文可知，作者收到了父親的短信，根據(jù)下文“Thank you，my dear father.”可知，作者回復(fù)了短信。故選D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第'19'空后的when he received my reply也可得出答案。19A.upset Bhappy Csad Dnervous答案與解析：B'根據(jù)下文“.from morning till night.”可知，父親收到作者的回復(fù)后，非常開(kāi)心(happy)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B項(xiàng)。20. Awaited Bsigned Chesitated Dsmiled答案與解析：D'根據(jù)前文可知，父親收到作者的回復(fù)很開(kāi)心，所以從早上笑(smiled)到晚上。故選D項(xiàng)。四、單句改錯(cuò)。1The mistakes in your homework shouldn't be overlooking, or you'll keep them forever._答案：overlookingoverlookedoverlook與mistakes之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2In term of education, I first thank all my teachers who have devoted themselves to their profession._答案：termtermsin terms of “就來(lái)說(shuō)；從角度”。3Fortunate, the fire was discovered soon after it had started._答案：FortunateFortunately副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子，故應(yīng)將fortunate改為fortunately。4The September 11 attack has condemned by the entire international community._答案：has后加been現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：have been過(guò)去分詞。9.11恐怖襲擊應(yīng)是“被譴責(zé)”，故應(yīng)在has后加been。5When the interview was finished, I was shown in._答案：inoutshow sb. in “帶某人進(jìn)來(lái)”；show sb. out“帶某人出去”。由句意可知后一短語(yǔ)符合語(yǔ)境。7