第七講言簡意賅的非謂語動詞李仕才眾所周知，書面表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)過多的簡單句會讓人覺得單調(diào)乏味，句子與句子之間的關(guān)系顯得松散；而過多地出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句又顯得累贅，讀起來費勁。恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\用非謂語動詞不僅使句型多樣，而且使習(xí)作結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。一、非謂語動詞的分類1.不定式Im sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.我抱歉地說，我不能和你一起在星期五下午去書店了。We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)通過學(xué)習(xí)盡力提升自己，為未來做好準(zhǔn)備。2.動名詞Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.而且在網(wǎng)上投票會瞬間得到反饋。Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.在操場上做同樣的運動給了我們機會促進我們的友誼。3.現(xiàn)在分詞In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.在這幅畫中，我們可以看到一個穿著破舊衣服的男孩，坐在一張放著一摞書的舊木桌旁。4.過去分詞In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.事實上，交通規(guī)則是與公共秩序相關(guān)的規(guī)則規(guī)章的一部分。It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.它刊登了由外國朋友寫的有關(guān)他們國家的文章。二、運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句寫作時，我們可以利用非謂語動詞對兩個簡單句進行轉(zhuǎn)換，使其成為較高級的表達(dá)方式。轉(zhuǎn)換時可采用“三步法”：第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。第二步：找準(zhǔn)兩個簡單句的對接點，讓一個句子作為主干，另一個句子用非謂語動詞進行改寫。第三步：判斷應(yīng)用何種非謂語動詞，把握好時態(tài)和語態(tài)，最后連接起來。示例第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”.It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.第二步：讓句作主句，用非謂語動詞改寫句。第三步：讓句作定語，由于其動詞aim與主語it之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.三、運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句比轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句要容易一些，因為需轉(zhuǎn)換的一般是從句部分，這時只需要判斷用何種非謂語動詞，再把握好時態(tài)和語態(tài)即可，所以只需兩步。示例第一步：寫出復(fù)合句。Since you have realized that your time is limited，youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.第二步：把since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語動詞，realize與you之間為主謂關(guān)系，且表示完成，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。Having realized that your time is limited，youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.跟 蹤 訓(xùn) 練.完成句子1.Hearing_youll_be_a_new_member_of_us，we are all filled with joy and cheer.聽說你將成為我們的一名新成員，我們心里充滿了興奮和快樂。2.Another suggestion is to_practice_speaking.還有一項建議是練習(xí)說的能力。3.Hopefully，these books will help the students (to)_know_and_learn_Chinese_better.讓人滿懷希望的是，這些書籍將有助于學(xué)生更好地了解和學(xué)習(xí)漢語。4.Letting_out your temper in this way can avoid hurting others.用這種方式釋放自己的情緒能避免傷害別人。5.Weather_permitting，we will go for an outing tomorrow.天氣允許的話，我們明天去郊游。.用非謂語動詞進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom.(用過去分詞作定語)All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom.2.The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry.(用動名詞作主語)The_boys_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry.3.The boys were making the most of time.They wanted to finish the work earlier.(用不定式作目的狀語)The_boys_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_work_earlier.4.We were touched by the teachers words.We decided to work hard.(用過去分詞作狀語)Touched_by_the_teachers_words，we_decided_to_work_hard.5.I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that，I_begin_to_think_about_what_to_do_to_help.6.Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good.(用過去分詞作狀語)Amazed_at_how_skillful_they_were，I_determined_to_be_just_as_good.7.Because I had paid a visit to the place，I will go somewhere else this year to spend my summer vacation.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)Having_paid_a_visit_to_the_place，I_will_go_somewhere_else_this_year_to_spend_my_summer_vacation. 4