閱讀理解+七選五.閱讀理解AOnNovember7，LewisPughcompletedaone­kilometerswiminthefreezingwatersofKingEdwardCove，offSouthGeorgiainAntarctica.Hewaswearingonlyhisswimmingglasses，capandspeedos!Pughisanadvocateforouroceansandseas，workingtoprotecttheseecosystemwiththeirlargediversityofmarine(海洋的) life.Whenaskedwhyhedoesntwearawetsuit，Lewissays，“Iaskworldleaderstodoeverythingtheycantoprotectouroceans.Sometimesthestepstheyneedtotakearedifficultandunpopular.IfImaskingthemtobecourageous，Imustalsobe.Swimminginawetsuitwouldnotsendtherightmessage.”IttookPughabout19minutestocompletetheone­kilometerswiminAntarcticawherethewateraveragedabout1.6degreesCelsius(攝氏度)Hesaysthathisbodycanonlytolerateabout20minutesinthefreezingwatersbeforeitstartsshuttingdown.Asheswims，hisbodytemperaturesteadilydrops，whichinturncauseshismuscle(肌肉) controltodrop，slowinghimdown.Whenheisdonewithhisswim，hissupportteamrusheshimtoahotshowerandittakesalmostanhourforhisbodytemperaturetoreturntonormal.DoctorsandPughcautionthatonemustreceivemonthsoftrainingtoswiminsuchcoldwaters.Evenexpertswimmerswhoareunusedtofreezingwatercandrownwithinminutesbecauseofthephysicalshockexperiencedbythebody.Pughsayshetrainedforsixmonthsbeforethisswim.ThisisnotthefirsttimethatLewishasswumindangerousconditions.In2007，heswamonekilometerintheNorthPoletodrawattentiontothemeltingArcticiceduetoclimatechange.In2015，heswamintheBayofWhalesinAntarcticasRossSeaaspartofhissuccessfulcampaigntohelpsetupamarinereservethere.1WhydidLewisPughswimwithoutawetsuit?AToswimfaster.BToshowhisbravery.CTobuilduphisbody.DTowinpublicattention.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?AHisbody.BThewater.CHisbodytemperature.DThewatertemperature.3WhatsPughsadviceaboutswimminginfreezingwaters?AOnemustbefullyprepared.BOneshouldbeexpertatswimming.COneshouldbereadytotakeonchallenges.DOnemustbeusedtolong­distanceswimming.4Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?ALewisPugh：SwimmingforaCauseBHowtoSurviveaSwiminColdWatersCHowtoPrepareforExtremeSwimmingDLewisPugh：AchievingtheImpossibleBPeopletypicallywashtheirhandsseveraltimesadayintheUnitedStates，buttheydoitatafarhighertemperaturethanisnecessarytokillgerms，anewstudysays.Theenergywasteisequivalenttothefueluseofasmallcountry.AmandaRCarrico，aresearchassistantprofessorattheVanderbiltInstituteforEnergyandEnvironmentinTennessee，toldNationalGeographicthathandwashingisoften“acasewherepeopleactinwaysthattheythinkareintheirbestinterest，buttheyinfacthaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptions.”Carricosaid，“Itscertainlytruethatheatkillsbacteria，butifyouweregoingtousehotwatertokillthemitwouldhavetobeawaytoohotforyoutotolerate.”Carricosaidthatafterareviewofthescientificliterature，herteamfound“noevidencethatusinghotwaterthatapersoncouldstandwouldhaveanybenefitinkillingbacteria.”Evenwaterascoldas40°F(4.4°C) appearedtoreducebacteriaaswellashotterwater，ifhandswerescrubbed，rinsed(沖洗) anddriedproperly.Usinghotwatertowashhandsisthereforeunnecessary，aswellaswasteful，Carricosaid，particularlywhenitcomestotheenvironment.Accordingtoherresearch，peopleusewarmorhotwater64percentofthetimewhentheywashtheirhands.Usingthatnumber，Carricosteamcalculatedasignificantimpactontheplanet.“Althoughthechoiceofwatertemperatureduringasinglehandwashmayappearunimportant，whenmultipliedbythenearly800billionhandwashesperformedbyAmericanseachyear，thispracticeresultsinmorethan6millionmetrictonsofCO2equivalentemissionsannually，”shesaid.TheresearcherspublishedtheirresultsintheJuly2013issueofInternationalJournalofConsumerStudies.Theyrecommendedwashingwithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature，whichtheynotedmaybewarmerincoldmonthsandcoolerinhotones.5WhatsthemeaningofwhatCarricotoldNationalGeographicinthesecondparagraph?APeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheirhealthandbegintowashtheirhands.BItsimportantforpeopletowashtheirhandstokeephealthy.CGenerally，peopleshandwashingbehaviorsandperceptionsarenotcorrect.DPeoplelikewashingtheirhandsverymuch.6Thefiguresinthesixthparagraphareusedtoshowthat.AusinghotwatertowashhandshasabadinfluenceonourplanetBairpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousCusinghotwatertowashhandsisawasteofenergyDpeopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheenvironmentaroundus7Thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof.AfactandopinionBcauseandeffectCdefinitionandclassificationDtimeandevents8Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?AItsnecessaryandusefulforpeopletowashtheirhandsfrequentlyeveryday.BWecanwashourhandswithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature.CUsingcoldwatertowashhandsisnecessaryandmuchhealthier.DHotwatercantkillgerms.C(2018·黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模)Shesatatthepicnictablealone.Recess(休息) wasinfullswing.Sheremainedawkwardaroundherclassmates.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay，yetIcouldseehereyeslongingforacceptance.Manystudentshadalreadydecidedthatherfriendshipwouldnotbeworththeenergyrequiredtoovercometheawkwardness.Othersteasedher.Mostignoredherexceptforone.Brianna，theclassclown，wasmakingtheotherstudentslaugh，asusual.“Brianna，doyouseeMollydownthere？Wouldyoumindwalkingdownthereandinvitinghertocomeupherewiththerestofus？”Briannasighed.IcouldtellshedidntwanttosacrificepreciousminutesofherownrecesstodowhatIwasaskingofher，butIalsoknewherheart.Sheoftenthoughtofothersbeforeherselfararecharacterforanyone，muchlessakid.Knowingthischoicewashardforher，IpulledoutaD­buck，ourclasscurrency.Thoughbribery(行賄) wasnottheidealwaytohandlethissituation，Ineededhercooperation.“Here，Illpayyouforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile，graspedthegreenpaper，andheadeddownthehill.Astherestofthechildrenscreamedandlaughed，myeyeslockedonBriannaasshenearedthepicnictable.Mollycouldbedifficult，andIwouldnthavebeensurprisedifshesentBriannabackalone，refusingherinvitation.Whensheencouragedherselftoastandingposition，Isighedwithrelief.Aminutelater，Ifeltataponmyshoulder.“Here，Mrs.D.”ShehandedmetheD­buck.“Why？”Iasked.“Ishouldntkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet，guiltradiatingfromherquietvoice.“IdontwantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnabuck.Shesmyfriend.”Amomentlater，theywerealllaughingagain，andwhoshouldIseeamongthem，laughingforthefirsttimethatweek？Molly.9Accordingtotheauthor，whatwasMollylike?ASheignoredthejokesfromotherkids.BShefeltawkwardatbeingteased.CShedesiredtobeacceptedbyotherkids.DShehadnoenergytomakefriends.10HowdidtheauthorfeelasBriannawalkedtoMolly?AWorried.BSatisfied.CExcited.DConfused.11WhatwasthepurposeofBriannasreturningtheD­bucktotheauthor?AToavoidlosingitoneday.BTogetapurefriendshipwithMolly.CTobribeherteacher.DToescapefrombeingscoldedbyherteacher.七選五Inaworldsurroundedbybadnews，itmayfeellikeanunhappyplacesometimes.12Ifyoumakeevenonepersonsmiletoday，youcanhelpmakethisworldabetterplace.Hereisalistofideastohelpyou.13InthisdayandagewhereeverythingissentviatheInternet，itsashocktoreceivealetterthroughthepost.Puttingpentopaperandwritingafewwordstoafriendcanbeaneasywaytomakeapositiveimpact.Requiringsometimeandresearchtofindtheperfectproject，volunteeringisoneofthenicestthingsyoucando.Whetheryouvolunteeratyourlocalyouthgrouportakedogsfromsheltersforawalk，thesimplefactthatyouaregivingyourtimetohelpsomeoneelseisincredible.Therearesomanyopportunities.14Tellsomeone“Iloveyou”Itcanbeanyone.15Perhapsyoucantellafriendthatyouappreciatealltheyaretoyou，orremindyourmumthatitsherbirthday.Sometimes，inourbusylivesweforgettotakeamomenttotellpeoplewhattheymeantous.16Whetheryourecreativeornot，takingtimetomakesomethingforsomeoneelseshowshowmuchyouappreciatethem.Evenifyouthinkyourenotcreative，therecipientwillfeelluckytogetsuchauniquegiftthatyouputyourprecioustimeinto.Someideascouldincludeacard，painting，drawing，song，poemorcake!AHowever，youcanmakeadifference.BItsasurprisetosendahandwrittenletter.CAndyoudontevenhavetosay“Iloveyou”DSoyouaresuretofindonethatisrightforyou.EAnditdoesntnecessarilyhavetotakeupallyourlife.FMakingsomethingforaspecialpersonisalwaysunique.GEvenapostcardwithacoupleofsentencescouldreallymakesomeonesday.答案解析.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Lewis Pugh 為了呼吁政府采取措施保護海洋而在平均水溫僅有16°C的極地海洋不穿防寒泳衣游泳的勇敢事跡。1B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans.Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular.If Im asking them to be courageous，I must also be.Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”可知，他不穿防寒泳衣是為了展示他的勇敢，故選B。2A詞義猜測題。上文是他在冰水里游泳身體只能忍受20分鐘，下文中提到他游泳時體溫在慢慢下降，肌肉控制力也在下降，可推測出此處的it指的是his body，故選A。3A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters.”可知，一個人要想在冰冷的水里游泳必須得訓練很長時間才可以，即要做足準備工作才行，故選A。4A標題歸納題。文章主要講述的是Pugh為保護海洋而在極寒的水里游泳，他用實際行動去展示他保護海洋的決心和勇氣，由此可知A項是最佳標題。語篇解讀本文是一篇研究報告。熱水洗手是不是能殺死更多的細菌？研究證明并非如此，而且還產生了更多的二氧化碳。5C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions.”的轉折可知，一般來講，人們洗手的觀念和行為都是不太正確的或者過時的，故選C。6A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Using that number，Carricos team calculated a significant impact on the planet.”可知，本句承上啟下，再根據(jù)第六段內容可知引用的那些數(shù)字就是為了證明用熱水洗手對地球帶來的消極影響，故選A。7A篇章結構題。通過對文章的整體理解，尤其是第六段可知，本文主要是通過列舉事實，同時表達作者自己的觀點的方式進行行文的，故選A。8B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“They recommended washing with water that is at a comfortable temperature，which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones.”可知，我們洗手用舒適溫度的水即可，不必太熱，也不必太涼，故選B。語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。莫莉渴望被同學接受，但多數(shù)的學生都直接無視她，所以作者讓布麗安娜去邀請她，并給她D­buck作為回報。布麗安娜照作者的話去做了，但是把D­buck還給了作者。因為布麗安娜想和莫莉建立純潔的友誼，不想讓她誤會自己去邀請她的誠意。9C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“She seemed unsure of what to do or say，yet I could see her eyes longing for acceptance.”可知，Molly渴望自己被別人接受。故選C。10A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“As the rest of the children screamed and laughed，my eyes locked on Brianna as she neared the picnic table.Molly could be difficult，and I wouldnt have been surprised if she sent Brianna back alone，refusing her invitation.”可知，當布麗安娜走向莫莉時，作者很是擔心。故選A。11B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“I dont want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a buck.Shes my friend.”可知，布麗安娜歸還D­buck給作者是為了和莫莉建立純潔的友誼。故選B。.12A第一段第一句“在一個被壞消息包圍的世界里，有時可能感覺這個世界像一個不快樂的地方。”呈現(xiàn)了消極的一面，而第二段第一句“如果你今天讓一個人微笑，那么你就可以使這個世界變成一個更好的地方”則開始轉入話題，因此設空處應該是轉折并引出話題。因此A項切題。13B根據(jù)下一句中的“its a shock to receive a letter through the post(在當今社會從郵局收到一封信會使人很震驚。)”可知本段主題是手寫一封信郵寄。因此B項最能概括本段主旨。14D根據(jù)上句“There are so many opportunities(有很多機會)”，可知，D項(所以你一定會找到適合你的)符合題意。15C本段的中心句是“Tell someone I love you(告訴某個人“我愛你”)”，只有C項“And you dont even have to say I love you(甚至你沒必要說“我愛你”)”切題。16F根據(jù)空后的“Whether youre creative or not，taking time to make something for someone else shows how much you appreciate them(無論你是否有創(chuàng)意，花點時間為某個人做些小東西，來表示你對他的感激。)”可知本段主要介紹的是為他人做些東西。故F項最能概括該段主旨。10