Unit 5 First Aid李仕才一、閱讀理解。A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlours(客廳) where loved pets rest. Are Americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? No, the English, too, pay more attention to their pets.This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods，which often contain more vitamins than human food. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of veterinary bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel angry about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so its not unusual for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.There are a variety of reasons why I find pets-raising alarming. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of babies a disease with no known cure.Another problem is the carelessness of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat，and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on Rover or Bonzo. Then they just abandon it. As a result, they are allowed to run free. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someones pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.Lastly, I would only suggest that we have got our priorities wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, its time we stopped being sentimental about pets. I can see no reason why we should get upset when animals are cut up for medical experiments. This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases, then I say,keep cutting!1. The doggy parlours are mentioned in the 1st paragraph to show _. A. what costly lives the pets are livingB. where Americans keep their petsC. why children love their pets so muchD. how much pets depend on their masters2. In the second paragraph to get hot under the collar probably means _. A. getting quite hotB. becoming excitedC. feeling extremely angryD. receiving a fashionable shirt3. According to the author, in which field can animals be most useful?A. Food. B. Sports.C. Entertainment. D. Medicine.4. What is the authors attitude towards pets-raising?A. Sympathetic. B. Opposed.C. Pitiful. D. Supportive.【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。作者通過(guò)介紹飼養(yǎng)寵物存在的種種問(wèn)題(譬如飼養(yǎng)成本昂貴、寵物致人受傷、傳染疾病等)，表達(dá)了自己反對(duì)飼養(yǎng)寵物，而是應(yīng)當(dāng)將寵物用于貢獻(xiàn)人類醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的觀點(diǎn)。1. A【解析】推理判斷題。the doggy parlours所在的句子就是為了進(jìn)一步闡釋第一句A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children.，即如今人們?cè)陲曫B(yǎng)寵物上花銷巨大的現(xiàn)狀。故答案為A。3. D【解析】推理判斷題。從本文的最后兩句I can see no reason why we should get upset.This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases.可知作者認(rèn)為寵物在人類醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域可以起著有益的作用。因此答案為D。4. B【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章前面介紹了成本昂貴、傳染疾病等飼養(yǎng)寵物的危害，后面又提到應(yīng)把寵物用于貢獻(xiàn)人類醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域中去，故而可以看出作者對(duì)于飼養(yǎng)寵物的做法持反對(duì)態(tài)度。因此答案為B。二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1It is vital that these forms _ (send) back as early as possible.答案：(should) be sentIt is vital that . “是十分重要的”。其中that從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。2_ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.答案：Withwith the aid/help of . “在的幫助下”。3You'd better put things back _ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.答案：inin place “在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩薄?We _ (watch) TV when there was a power failure.答案：were watchingbe doing . when . “正在做這時(shí)”，再由“there was .”可知應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故填were watching。5The new technology, if _ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.答案：applied從句為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。The new technology與apply之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。6Men and women should _ (treat) equally in education and employment.答案：be treatedtreat和Men and women在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。7His head had struck the wall and _ (bleed)答案：was bleeding此處表示頭部正在流血，前一分句用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。8Everyone arrived late at the party for _ (variety) reasons.答案：various修飾名詞reasons應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“各種各樣的”，故填various。9Television violence _ (poison) the minds of young people.答案：is poisoning表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。10Dozens of people got _ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.答案：injuredget injured “受傷”。三、完形填空。閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。An 18­year­old student at Stanford University was struggling to pay his fees.Not knowing where to turn for money，he came up with a bright _1_.He and a friend decided to host a musical concert on campus to _2_ money for their education.They_3_ out to the great pianist Ignacy JPaderewski.His manager_4_ a guaranteed fee of$2,000 for the piano recital(獨(dú)奏會(huì))A deal was_5_ and the boys began to work to make the concert a _6_.The big day arrived.But _7_ ，they had not managed to sell enough tickets.The total _8_ was only $1,600.Disappointed，they went to Paderewski and explained their plight(困境)They gave him the entire $1,600，plus a _9_ for the balance$400.They promised to honor the check at the _10_ possible.Paderewski tore up the check，_11_ the$1,600 and told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees.The boys were_12_ ，and thanked him heartedly.It was a small act of _13_.But it clearly marked out Paderewski _14_ a great human being._15_ should he help two people he did not even know? We all _16_ situations like these in our lives.And_17_ of us only think“If I help them，what will happen to me？”The truly _18_ people think，“If I don't help them，what will happen to them？”They don't do it _19_ something in return.They do it _20_ they feel it's the right thing to do.1A.timeBtaskCidea Ddecision2A.receive BraiseCborrow Ddonate3A.reached BturnedCpointed Dcalled4A.increased BcoveredCconsidered Ddemanded5A.rejected BstruckCcanceled Dattracted6A.success BcareerCbackground Dperformance7A.uncertainly BunbelievablyCunfortunately Dundoubtedly8A.cost BbillCcollection Dallowance9A.benefit BprofitCcharge Dcheck10A.soonest BlatestClongest Dfarthest11A.took BcountedCdeposited Dreturned12A.pleased BsurprisedCfrightened Dinterested13A.devotion BkindnessCsympathy Dteamwork14A.like BforCas Dto15A.How BWhereCWhen DWhy16A.come across Bdeal withCadapt to Dthink of17A.both BfewCnone Dmost18A.able BrichCgreat Dfamous19A.taking BexpectingCoffering Dpreparing20A.because BthoughCbefore Dso【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】?jī)蓚€(gè)大學(xué)生本想通過(guò)組織一場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)賺取學(xué)費(fèi)，可是音樂(lè)會(huì)并不成功，但善良的受邀鋼琴家的大方舉動(dòng)卻給他們解了圍。1C根據(jù)設(shè)空后的He and a friend decided to host a musical concert.可知，他和朋友決定舉辦一場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)以籌集學(xué)費(fèi)，這是他的想法(idea)。故選C項(xiàng)。2B根據(jù)上文中的Not knowing where to turn for money可知，由于學(xué)費(fèi)不夠，他和朋友決定舉辦音樂(lè)會(huì)來(lái)籌集學(xué)費(fèi)。receive意為“收到”；raise意為“籌集”；borrow意為“借”；donate意為“捐獻(xiàn)”。故選B項(xiàng)。3Areach out to意為“表示對(duì)感興趣；表示愿意提供援助”；turn out意為“證明是；結(jié)果是”；point out意為“指出”；call out意為“大聲呼叫；呼喊”。根據(jù)第二段可知，他們開音樂(lè)會(huì)要邀請(qǐng)著名的鋼琴家，說(shuō)明他們對(duì)這位鋼琴家有興趣。故選A項(xiàng)。測(cè)訓(xùn)診斷：本題考生易誤選B項(xiàng)。考生易把turn to“求助于”和turn out to“證明是；結(jié)果是”以及reach out to“表示對(duì)感興趣”混淆。4D根據(jù)設(shè)空后的a guaranteed fee可知，鋼琴家的經(jīng)紀(jì)人要求(demanded)他們付2,000美元的保證金。故選D項(xiàng)。increase意為“增加”；cover意為“覆蓋；遮蔽；包括；報(bào)道”；consider意為“考慮；細(xì)想；認(rèn)為”。5B根據(jù)設(shè)空后的began to work可知，他們之間達(dá)成了協(xié)議。strike a deal意為“達(dá)成協(xié)議”；reject意為“拒絕”；cancel意為“取消”；attract意為“吸引”。故選B項(xiàng)。6A他們達(dá)成了協(xié)議，并且為了音樂(lè)會(huì)的成功舉辦，他們開始積極籌備。故選A項(xiàng)。success意為“成功的事”，career意為“職業(yè)；事業(yè)”；background意為“背景；出身”；performance意為“表演；演出；表現(xiàn)”。7C根據(jù)前文可知他們達(dá)成了協(xié)議，再根據(jù)設(shè)空后的had not managed to sell enough tickets可知，他們并沒(méi)有賣出足夠的票，這對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是不幸的。故選C項(xiàng)。8C根據(jù)設(shè)空后的$1,600以及下文的$400可知，此處指他們總的籌款為1,600美元。cost意為“花費(fèi)；成本；代價(jià)”；bill意為“賬單”；collection意為“籌集的錢；收藏品”；allowance意為“津貼；補(bǔ)貼”。9D根據(jù)下文的They promised to honor the check at the _ possible.可知，因?yàn)樗麄儾](méi)有籌到足夠的錢，所以又寫了400美元的支票作為欠款。故選D項(xiàng)。10A他們承諾盡快(soonest)承兌支票，故選A項(xiàng)。11D根據(jù)空前的Paderewski tore up the check及空后的told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees可知，鋼琴家撕毀了支票，并且還把1,600美元還給了(returned)他們讓他們當(dāng)做學(xué)費(fèi)。故選D項(xiàng)。12B根據(jù)上文可知，他們本來(lái)是承諾了要給鋼琴家2,000美元，但卻沒(méi)有籌夠錢，而鋼琴家又把錢還給了他們，因此，他們非常驚訝(surprised)而且非常感激。故選B項(xiàng)。pleased意為“高興的；快樂(lè)的；滿意的”；frightened意為“害怕的”；interested意為“感興趣的”。13B根據(jù)上文可知，鋼琴家沒(méi)有要保證金，而且把錢給了兩個(gè)大學(xué)生充當(dāng)學(xué)費(fèi)，因此這是一個(gè)善舉。devotion意為“獻(xiàn)身；貢獻(xiàn)”；kindness意為“善良”；sympathy意為“同情”；teamwork意為“團(tuán)隊(duì)合作”。故選B項(xiàng)。14C鋼琴家的善舉使得他更顯人的偉大之處。mark.out as意為“使看上去脫穎而出成為”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。15D根據(jù)下文可知，每個(gè)人都遇到過(guò)幫與不幫別人的問(wèn)題，由此可推測(cè)，本句應(yīng)是探討幫助別人的原因。故選D項(xiàng)。16A根據(jù)下文And _ of us only think“If I help them, what will happen to me？”可知，我們都曾遇到過(guò)類似的情況。come across意為“偶遇；邂逅”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。deal with意為“處理；處置”；adapt to意為“適應(yīng)”；think of意為“想起；想到”。17D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)指我們大多數(shù)，故選D項(xiàng)。18C根據(jù)上句可知，大多數(shù)人是在想幫助別人對(duì)自己的影響，而偉大的人卻想如果不幫助別人對(duì)他人有什么影響。great意為“偉大的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。19B根據(jù)上文的“If I don't help them, what will happen to them？”可知，他們是在考慮別人，不求(expecting)回報(bào)。故選B項(xiàng)。20A根據(jù)最后一段可知，偉大的人不求回報(bào)地去幫助別人，他們之所以這么做，是因?yàn)樗麄兏杏X(jué)這是正確的事情。因此，設(shè)空處表原因，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A項(xiàng)。四、單句改錯(cuò)1I don't know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen._答案：thea此處表述“大量的問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)了”。the number of . “的數(shù)量”；a number of “許多；大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。2Don't take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place._答案：去掉thein place “在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩薄?We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us._答案：make后加amake a difference “有影響；起作用”。4He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day._答案：第一個(gè)fortoapply to sb. for . “向某人申請(qǐng)”。5There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all._答案：whetherthatThere is no doubt that . “毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”。五、短文改錯(cuò)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(2018·陜西省部分學(xué)校第一學(xué)期摸底檢測(cè))As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find it addicted to their phones，completely ignore others.This is really a common phenomenon in our life.The reason is because smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games but keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too many exposure to phones is bad for people in term of health.Moreover，people who were engaged in phones fail to communicate well those around them.As far as I'm concerned，people should wise make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition to，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones.【答案】As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find addicted to their phones，completely others.This is really a common phenomenon in our life.The reason is smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too exposure to phones is bad for people in of health.Moreover，people who engaged in phones fail to communicate well those around them.As far as I'm concerned，people should make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition ，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones.第一處：it改為them?？疾榇~。此處表示你總是能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們沉溺于手機(jī)。故將it改 為them。第二處：ignore改為ignoring。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，ignore與其邏輯主語(yǔ)people之間是主謂關(guān)系，故將ignore改為ignoring。第三處：because改為that?？疾楸碚Z(yǔ)從句。The reason is that.是固定句型，意為“原因是”，that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不做成分。第四處：but改為and?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該處前后是并列關(guān)系，說(shuō)明手機(jī)的功能，故將but改為and。第五處：many改為much。考查限定詞。exposure是不可數(shù)名詞，故將many改為much。第六處：term改為terms?？疾楣潭ù钆洹n terms of.為固定搭配，意為“就而言”。第七處：were改為are?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將were改為are。第八處：those前加with?？疾榻樵~。固定搭配communicate with sb.意為“和某人交流”，故在those前加with。第九處：wise改為wisely。考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)make use of，故將wise改為wisely。第十處：刪除addition后的to?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“除此之外，此外”，應(yīng)用in addition來(lái)表示；in addition to是介詞短語(yǔ)，后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞­ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，不能單獨(dú)使用。9