Unit 2Cloning.閱讀理解Scientists have found that the risk of getting cancer and heart disease is reduced when we take part in physical activityand now theyve found cycling to work is one of the best activities to do this.The study linked using two wheels with a halving of the risk of cancer and heart disease.It also showed that walking had some benefits over sitting on public transport or taking the car.Cycling to work is already popular in many cities across the world.Some authorities have built cycle lanes as well as providing secure places to lock them up.Some companies provide facilities for their employees to get changed and cleaned up when they arrive at work.It all makes good senseaccording to people surveyed in this study,regular cycling cut the risk of death from any cause by 41%,the incidence of cancer by 45% and heart disease by 46%.Cycling to work is quicker and cheaper than using public transport.While going to the gym to lose a few pounds takes effort and commitment,cycling has just become part of the work routine.Clare Hyde from Cancer Research UK says,“ This study helps to highlight the potential benefits of building activity into your everyday life.”O(jiān)f course,any exercise is good for you but its thought that cycling is better than walking because the activity is longer and more intense.Dr. Jason Gill,from the University of Glasgow,said,“ You need to get to work every day so if you build cycling into the day,it essentially takes willpower out of consideration.” You dont need to wear skin-tight clothes,as long as you wear the most important accessory,a helmet.1.The passage mainly focuses on . A.the benefits of cyclingB.the advantages of sportsC.the changes of lifestyleD.the prevention of cancer2.What can we learn from Paragraph two?A.Walking is similar to sitting in a bus.B.Cycling to work has gained popularity.C.Cycling to work causes more spending.D.City governments need more bicycles.3.What is the advantage of cycling to work compared to going to the gym?A.It is longer and more intense.B.It helps to lose more weight.C.It can be part of daily life.D.It is quicker and cheaper.語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要闡述了騎自行車上班的好處。答案及剖析:1.A主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了騎自行車有益于身體健康。因此A項(xiàng)是正確答案。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的主旨句Cycling to work is already popular in many cities across the world.可知B項(xiàng)是正確答案。3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句While going to the gym to lose a few pounds takes effort and commitment,cycling has just become part of the work routine.可知,相比去體育館鍛煉,騎自行車上班已經(jīng)成為日常行為。.七選五(2018云南昆明調(diào)研)How to Say No RespectfullyLike most people, your natural instinct is probably to help others when you can.1. Whether youre declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no. Express your thanks.2. If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like,“Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. Im sorry that Im busy that evening.” Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didnt even consider the request.In order to be respectful,take a moment to think about your answereven if you already know what it is going to be.3. Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that youre honest and direct.4. If you cant help, say so. If someone is asking you on a date and you dont want to go,make that clear. 5. You can say no without completely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say,“Im not free for dinner,but I would be coming for a quick drink after work.” A.Find a way to compromise.B.Take a pause, and then kindly say no.C.But sometimes, you just need to say no.D.Its strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.E.Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.F.If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.G.Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request.答案:1-5CEBGA.完形填空(2018山東菏澤一模)I was 5 that Christmas and couldnt understand how poor we were. Wed just moved to Manhattan and 1 nobody there. Dad was serving overseas, so mother and I planned to get the Christmas tree in the evening, when their 2 usually dropped. After sunset, we walked to the shop in a parking lot 3 Christmas trees. “How much is your cheapest tree?” mother smiled to a salesman.“Thirty dollars.”Her 4 disappeared.“Can it be a little cheaper?” “I just work here. I have no 5 to change the price.” 6,the man pointed to a pile of branches in the corner of the lot,“7 that pile of cuttings? Behind it is a tree we cant sell. You can have it for free.”We thanked him repeatedly before hurrying to the 8 of the pile and discovered a small tree with few branches. Mother 9,“Can we take some of these branches?” “Take them all if you like.”We pulled the tree and some branches home and 10 them in the living room. I couldnt imagine how we could hang many decorations on the almost 11 tree.“Go to sleep now. Santa will 12 the tree for us,” mother said. I woke at dawn and rushed into the living room. To my 13,the tree had been filled out. And it had a beautiful 14 shape. The decorations shone in the morning light.Out of 15,I examined the tree closely.Mother had used wire to fix 16 branches to its trunks. Shed trimmed (修剪) it 17 to get its perfect shape. Weeks later,dad 18.When I told him about the 19,tears filled his eyes. Since then, Ive spent many wonderful holidays, but that Christmas remains my 20. 1.A.met B.knew C.recognizedD.remembered2.A.salesB.ordersC.demandsD.prices3.A.sellingB.storingC.showingD.designing4.A.prideB.satisfaction C.smileD.confidence5.A.dutyB.reasonC.excuseD.right6.A.OtherwiseB.SuddenlyC.ThereforeD.Impatiently7.A.WantB.ForgetC.See D.Like8.A.backB.topC.front D.bottom9.A.gave outB.tried out C.checked out D.called out10.A.placed B.hid C.mixedD.exhibited11.A.leaflessB.valueless C.branchlessD.meaningless12.A.irrigateB.decorateC.exploreD.preserve13.A.surpriseB.creditC.terrorD.worry14.A.regularB.initialC.familiarD.natural15.A.respectB.curiosityC.sympathyD.anxiety16.A.donatedB.rottenC.abandonedD.broken17.A.with careB.by accidentC.at randomD.in public18.A.sacrificed B.succeeded C.returned D.recovered19.A.lossB.treeC.festivalD.ceremony20.A.secretB.painC.regretD.favorite語(yǔ)篇解讀:作者5歲那年的圣誕節(jié)他和媽媽去買圣誕樹(shù),由于當(dāng)時(shí)家里經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不佳,所以帶回來(lái)的是一棵樹(shù)枝寥寥無(wú)幾的小樹(shù),但是第二天作者發(fā)現(xiàn)這棵樹(shù)發(fā)生了巨大的變化,原來(lái)作者的媽媽對(duì)其進(jìn)行了修剪和裝飾,因此那個(gè)圣誕節(jié)也成為作者的最愛(ài)。答案及剖析:1.B根據(jù)本句中的just moved to Manhattan可知,那年作者一家剛剛搬到曼哈頓,所以還不認(rèn)識(shí)那里的人。know意為“認(rèn)識(shí)”,符合語(yǔ)境。meet意為“遇見(jiàn)”;recognize意為“認(rèn)可;認(rèn)出”;remember意為“記得”。2.D根據(jù)第一句中的how poor we were及常識(shí)可推知,作者和媽媽之所以選擇在晚上去買圣誕樹(shù),是因?yàn)樵谀莻€(gè)時(shí)間段圣誕樹(shù)的價(jià)格往往會(huì)下降。price意為“價(jià)格”,符合語(yǔ)境。sale意為“銷售”;order意為“訂單”;demand意為“需求”。3.A根據(jù)上句中的get the Christmas tree可知,此處表示作者和媽媽前往一個(gè)位于停車場(chǎng)中出售圣誕樹(shù)的商店。sell意為“售賣”,符合語(yǔ)境。store意為“儲(chǔ)存”;show意為“展示;展覽”;design意為“設(shè)計(jì)”。4.C根據(jù)前文中的mother smiled to a salesman和后文中的“Can it be a little cheaper?”可推知,此處表示媽媽詢問(wèn)售貨員的時(shí)候面帶微笑,但是在得知樹(shù)的價(jià)格之后,臉上的笑容消失了,此處smile為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。pride意為“驕傲”;satisfaction意為“滿意”;confidence意為“自信”。5.D根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的I just work here.及常識(shí)可知,此處表示售貨員剛到這兒工作,沒(méi)有權(quán)利更改價(jià)格。right意為“權(quán)利”,符合語(yǔ)境。duty意為“義務(wù)”;reason意為“原因”;excuse意為“借口”。6.B根據(jù)常理并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知,此處應(yīng)表示,店員突然指向停車場(chǎng)角落的一堆樹(shù)枝。suddenly意為“突然”,符合語(yǔ)境。otherwise意為“否則”;therefore意為“因此”;impatiently意為“不耐煩地”。7.C根據(jù)前文的pointed to a pile of branches并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,此處表示店員指著停車場(chǎng)角落,問(wèn)作者的媽媽是否能看見(jiàn)那堆被砍下來(lái)的樹(shù)枝,本空前省略了Can you。8.A句意為:我們不停地感謝他,然后匆匆地跑向他所指的樹(shù)枝堆后方,(結(jié)果)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一棵幾乎沒(méi)有樹(shù)枝的小樹(shù)。根據(jù)前文的Behind it is a tree we cant sell.可知,店員說(shuō)樹(shù)枝堆后面有一棵樹(shù)。因此作者和媽媽?xiě)?yīng)是走向樹(shù)枝堆的后面,故back符合語(yǔ)境,意為“后面”。top意為“頂部”;front意為“前面”;bottom意為“底部”。9.D結(jié)合上文可知,堆樹(shù)枝的地方離店員還有一段距離,所以作者的媽媽詢問(wèn)的時(shí)候要提高音量。call out意為“大聲呼叫”,符合語(yǔ)境。give out意為“分發(fā);發(fā)出”;try out意為“試驗(yàn)”;check out意為“結(jié)賬離開(kāi);仔細(xì)檢查”。10.A結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和常識(shí)可知,此處表示作者和媽媽把樹(shù)和樹(shù)枝拉回家,放到了客廳里。place意為“放置”,符合語(yǔ)境。11.C根據(jù)第8空所在句中的discovered a small tree with few branches可知,售貨員指給作者媽媽的那棵樹(shù)上的樹(shù)枝不多。branchless意為“沒(méi)有樹(shù)枝的”,符合語(yǔ)境。leafless意為“沒(méi)有葉子的”;valueless意為“沒(méi)有價(jià)值的”;meaningless意為“沒(méi)有意義的”。12.B根據(jù)上句的many decorations并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,買回家的圣誕樹(shù)要進(jìn)行裝飾。decorate意為“裝飾”,符合語(yǔ)境。irrigate意為“灌溉”;explore意為“探索”;preserve意為“保存”。13.A根據(jù)后文可知,第二天早上,作者沖到客廳的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)樹(shù)上掛滿了東西,這與昨晚拉回來(lái)的樹(shù)形成了巨大的反差,所以此處表示作者感到很吃驚。surprise意為“驚訝”,符合語(yǔ)境。credit意為“信貸;學(xué)分”;terror意為“恐懼”;worry意為“擔(dān)心”。14.D結(jié)合上文可知,作者和媽媽拉回來(lái)的樹(shù)上樹(shù)枝不多,但是經(jīng)過(guò)媽媽的修剪和裝飾之后,這棵樹(shù)“枝繁葉茂”,顯得很自然。natural意為“自然的”,符合語(yǔ)境。regular意為“經(jīng)常的;有規(guī)律的”;initial意為“最初的”;familiar意為“熟悉的”。15.B根據(jù)句中的examined the tree closely及常理可知,作者仔細(xì)檢查這棵樹(shù)是出于好奇。out of curiosity意為“出于好奇”,符合語(yǔ)境。respect意為“尊重”;sympathy意為“同情”;anxiety意為“焦慮”。16.C根據(jù)句意可知,此處指媽媽將拉回來(lái)的廢棄樹(shù)枝用金屬絲固定在樹(shù)上。abandoned意為“廢棄的”,符合語(yǔ)境。donated意為“捐贈(zèng)的”;rotten意為“腐爛的”;broken意為“壞的”。17.A根據(jù)句中的get its perfect shape可知,此處應(yīng)表示為了得到完美的樹(shù)形,作者的媽媽精心修剪了這棵樹(shù)。with care意為“精心地”,符合語(yǔ)境。by accident意為“偶然地”;at random意為“隨意地”;in public意為“公開(kāi)地”。18.C根據(jù)第一段第三句中的Dad was serving overseas可知,作者的爸爸在國(guó)外工作,此處應(yīng)表示爸爸?jǐn)?shù)周之后回到了家里。return意為“返回”,符合語(yǔ)境。sacrifice意為“犧牲”;succeed意為“成功;繼承”;recover意為“恢復(fù)”。19.B結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示作者給爸爸講述了圣誕樹(shù)的故事,故本空應(yīng)選tree,呼應(yīng)本文的主題。loss意為“損失”;festival意為“節(jié)日”;ceremony意為“儀式”。20.D句意為:從那之后,我度過(guò)了很多精彩的節(jié)日,但是那年的圣誕節(jié)一直是我的最愛(ài)。根據(jù)常理可知,此處應(yīng)用favorite表示那個(gè)圣誕節(jié)是作者最愛(ài)的節(jié)日。secret意為“秘密”;pain意為“痛苦”;regret意為“遺憾”。7