2019牛津譯林高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)選習(xí)題：模塊6U2李仕才一、閱讀理解。Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy，a new study says.That's what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya.Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven't shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn't.The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people，said study author Karen McComb.“Basically，they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，” said McComb，a professor at the University of Sussex in England.“Memory is key.They must build up that knowledge somehow.”The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.It's close to but not quite like the Dr.Seuss book，where the elephant Horton hears something that others can't hear.McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water.The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men，who on occasion kill elephants，and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.As a result，the elephants reacted more defensivelyretreating and gathering in a bunchto the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study co­author Graeme Shannon.They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women.Since women almost never spear elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the women's voices.The same thing happened when they substituted young boys' voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study.1Who were the people taking part in the study?AFrans de Waal and Karen McComb.BDr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon.CGraeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.DKaren McComb and Graeme Shannon.2What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?AIdentifying and avoiding possible danger.BGrowing much faster than any other animals.CHaving a better understanding of humans.DDeveloping their language skills.3Which can replace the underlined word“substituted”in the last paragraph? Adistinguished BrepeatedCused Dcompared4What does the passage mainly talk about?AWild elephants can distinguish human languages.BThe conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.CWild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.DWild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.【解題導(dǎo)語】研究表明野生大象能夠識別男、女和男孩的聲音，它們通過思維區(qū)分聲音并判斷誰能對他們產(chǎn)生威脅。【難句分析】McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water.分析：這是一個復(fù)合句。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water作伴隨狀語。譯文：McComb和同事去了位于肯尼亞的安博塞利國家公園，在那里有成百上千頭野象與人類一起生活，他們有時因?yàn)樗Y源匱乏而發(fā)生沖突。1D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“study author Karen McComb”和第六段中的“study co­author Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen McComb和Groeme Shannon都參加了研究，故選D項(xiàng)。2A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven't shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn't”可知，這種高等的思維方式使野象能夠分辨出誰能對他們造成威脅，這樣它們可以避免可能的危險，故A項(xiàng)是正確的。3C考查詞義猜測。畫線詞所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the women's voices”，畫線詞所在句講的是野象對年輕男孩的聲音做出的反應(yīng)，說明當(dāng)時研究者在對野象播放年輕男孩的聲音，選C項(xiàng)。4A考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文內(nèi)容可知，野象能夠通過人的聲音區(qū)分不同人類群體的性別和年齡，故選A項(xiàng)(野象能夠區(qū)分人類的語言)。二、單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Youd better take a pen when you go to the meeting _ there is something important to write down.A. as if B so as to C in order to D. in case【答案】D?！窘馕觥緽C 選項(xiàng)后接動詞原形，故排除。as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，in case 意為“以防”可以用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。句意：去開會時你最好帶上鋼筆，以防有什么重要的東西可以記下來。2.By the time scientists _ the fundamental structure of dark matter, I'm sure that man _ amazing advances in science.A. figure out, has made B. will figure out, will makeC. figure out, will have made D. will figure out, will be making【答案】C【解析】句意：到科學(xué)家們弄清楚暗物質(zhì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)時，我肯定人類將已經(jīng)在科學(xué)上取得了驚人的進(jìn)步。by 表示“到為止”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句常與完成時連用，主句的謂語用將來完成時態(tài)，時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。23.Sharon, why is the man so upset now?His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen【答案】B【解析】非謂語動詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語“His wallet, mobile phone and ID card”與動詞“steal”存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。句意： “莎倫，那人現(xiàn)在為何那么郁悶？” “他的錢包、手機(jī)以及身份證被盜。警方正在調(diào)查并會把他送到一家社會救助站去。 ”4._ before bed, cellphones can result in a restless night.A. To use B. Using C. Used D. Having used【答案】C【解析】句意：睡前使用手機(jī)，會導(dǎo)致睡眠質(zhì)量下降。cellphones 與 use 是動賓關(guān)系，即使用手機(jī)，應(yīng)該用過去分詞表被動，排除 A、B、D，本句可改寫為：If cellphones are used before bed, they can result in a restless night.。25.The parents do everything we can _ their daughter with good education, so that she will get a good job in the future.A. provide B. providing C. provided D. to provide【答案】D【解析】句意：那對父母做了他們能做的一切為他們的女兒提供良好的教育，為了她以后能得到一份好工作。原句應(yīng)為：The parents do everything we can do to provide their daughter with good education.所以選 D。6.As Chinas villages meet modernity, with such conveniences as the flushing toilet, the Internet and personal carownership, some traditions are being left by the wayside, only _ in memory.A. remained B. remaining C. to be remained D. being remained【答案】B【解析】句意：隨著中國農(nóng)村步入現(xiàn)代化，沖水馬桶、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和私家車等便利到來，一些傳統(tǒng)留在人們的記憶里。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，remain 一詞表示“遺留”時為系動詞，故沒有被動形式。7.Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?I will spend a whole week _ in your room to wait for their coming.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. to be locked【答案】C【解析】 過去分詞短語作狀語。 根據(jù)句意“把自己關(guān)在你的房間里度過一周的時間”， 即 lock myself in yourroom，lock 與主語 I 之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語，表示方式。句意： “請問告訴我您怎樣才能抓住強(qiáng)盜呢?” “我把自己關(guān)在你房間里一個禮拜，等待他們的到來(就抓住他們了)。 ”8._ by the sad story of the child, many people offered to lend him a helping hand.A. Being affected B. Having affected C. Affected D. To affect【答案】C【解析】許多人因受感動而伸出援助之手，故用 affect 的過去分詞作狀語，表示被動和完成。句意：許多人因受那個男孩悲慘故事的感動，主動伸出了援助之手。9._ the teenage brain, the expert decided to write a book about how to help teenagers fight against attention problems.A. To explore B. Having explored C. Exploring D. Having been explored【答案】B【解析】逗號后面分詞的邏輯主語 expert 與 explore 之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且 explore 所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞 decided 所表示的動作之前，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。句意：在探究了青少年的大腦之后，這位專家決定要寫一本關(guān)于如何幫助青少年與注意力方面的問題作斗爭的書。10.The storm _, they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hut B. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hut D. being destroyed【答案】C【解析】這是分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)句。分詞的完成式表示其動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前， 根據(jù)句意可知，暴風(fēng)雨毀掉草屋在前，故 C 是答案。句意：風(fēng)暴摧毀了他們的茅舍，所以他們不得不住在洞里。11.Mr Muite refused to talk to them except _ in the company of his legal colleagues, therefore the police officers departedA. in terms of B. in company of C. in favor of D. in view of【答案】B【解析】in the company of 在陪同下。句意：繆特先生拒絕在沒有其律師同事陪同的情況下和他們說話，于是警察們就離開了。12.Teddy came to my _ with a check of $ 200 to pay my room rate, after I told him that my wallet had been stolen.A. attendance B. Assistance C. rescue D. safety【答案】B【解析】句意：我告訴特迪我的錢包被偷了后，他帶著 200 美元的支票來幫我付了房租。come to ones assistance 為固定搭配， “來支援(或幫忙)某人” ，符合句意。attendance 出席，到場；rescue 援救，解救；safety 安全。13.You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant【答案】A【解析】句意：閃電一發(fā)生你就看見閃光，但過一會兒才聽到雷聲。instant 瞬間，剎那，比 moment 所指的時間更短，但用法與 moment 基本一致。the instant 一就，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，符合題意。for an instant 一瞬間；on the instant 立即；in an instant 立刻，馬上。14.I was late this morning because my alarm clock failed to _.A. turn off B. go after C. go off D. switch off【答案】C【解析】 句意： 我今天早晨遲到了， 是因?yàn)槲业聂[鐘沒響。 turn off 關(guān)掉； go after 追趕， 追求； 謀求； go off(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲；switch off 關(guān)掉。20.I did love my mom very much but it got to a point _ even she did not want me to see her as she was.A. where B. When C. that D. which【答案】A【解析】句意：我確實(shí)非常愛我媽媽，但是情況發(fā)展到這樣一種程度：她甚至不想讓我看到她以前的樣子。當(dāng)先行詞是 point，case，situation 等時，定語從句多用 where 引導(dǎo)，where 在從句中作狀語。三、完形填空。For me，two of the loveliest words in English are “Life persists”I _1_ them years ago as a college student，sitting in the library，_2_，working on a paper.Out of nowhere，those words came _3_ off the page in a quote(引語)：“In the midst of death life persists，in the midst of _4_ truth persists，in the midst of darkness light persists.”Suddenly I wasn't unhappy and impatient any more.Then I _5_ my granddad.I loved to talk with him.And I was _6_ to hear what he'd think of it.He had poor hearing，so I had to _7_ it a few times，but once he _8_ it，he laughed.“All I can say to that is totally _9_，” he said on the phone.I told him how glad I was，after a long winter，to finally see spring and _10_ to find that quote.“Why is that？” he asked.“Well，spring is a sure _11_ that life persists.And it just makes me _12_.”He laughed again，and then _13_ his lovely voice，he recited for me his _14_“spring time” words：“The desert shall rejoice(高興)，and _15_ as the rose does.even with joy and singing.”Many years later，_16_ my husband and I drove across a desert with many wildflowers and blooming(盛開的)cactuses，I could _17_ hear my granddad laughing：“The desert shall rejoice.”Life persists，and so do we，in the silence of _18_ and the blooming of cactuses；and in the dead of _19_ and the green of spring.Spring _20_ us that we're alive forever.1A.looked for Bhappened onCpicked out Dmade up2A.bored BconcentratedCtired Dconfused3A.running BdancingCrushing Dmoving4A.fear BaccusationCsuspicion Duntruth5A.called BvisitedCconsulted Dinformed6A.patient BconfidentCupset Ddesperate7A.copy BprintCrepeat Drecite8A.got BmadeCundertook Dmanaged9A.puzzlement BscepticismCagreement Ddisapproval10A.practically BespeciallyCobviously Dnaturally11A.way BinspirationCremark Dsign12A.astonished BenergeticCmerry Dalive13A.in BwithCof Dbeyond14A.impressive BsuperbCclassical Dfavorite15A.exist BflowerCsurvive Dsow16A.after BwhenCuntil Dalthough17A.hardly BalwaysCalmost Dmostly18A.journeys BwordsCworld Ddesert19A.winter BspringCsummer Dautumn20A.convinces BassuresCreminds Dstrikes【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，講述的是作者有感于春天的活力，從偶然讀到的一段話聯(lián)想到生命的意義與堅(jiān)持。生命長存于漫漫沙漠的植物中，長存于冬去春來的綠意中。冬去春來，生命依然長存，而我們也要繼續(xù)前行。1B根據(jù)語境可知，幾年前坐在大學(xué)的圖書館里作者偶然遇到這兩個單詞“Life persists”。happen on“偶然遇到或發(fā)現(xiàn)”，符合語境。pick out“挑選，辨別出”；make up“編造”。2A根據(jù)下文中的“Suddenly I wasn't unhappy and impatient any more”可知，作者當(dāng)時在圖書館里的心情是很煩悶的。故選bored“厭倦的，煩悶的”。3B這兩個詞突然從書頁上的引語中躍入作者的眼簾。dancing在此形象生動地描述了這兩個詞所富含的美好活力以及作者遇到它們的偶然性。4D在死亡中，生命依然堅(jiān)持；在謊言中，真理依然長存；在黑暗中，光明依然永駐。根據(jù)句中的death與life, darkness與light的對應(yīng)關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)填truth的反義詞。untruth“虛假，不真實(shí)”，符合語境。accusation“控告”；suspicion“懷疑”。5A根據(jù)下文中的“on the phone”可知，作者給爺爺打電話。call“(給)打電話”，符合語境。visit“看望，拜訪”；consult“咨詢”；inform“告知”。6D根據(jù)語境及上文中的“I loves to talk with him”可知，作者很想聽到爺爺(對這句話)是怎么看的。desperate“極想，渴望”。patient“耐心的”；upset“不安的”。7C根據(jù)上文中的“He had poor hearing，so I had to”和下文中的“a few times”可知，爺爺?shù)穆犛X不靈，所以作者不得不多次重復(fù)(repeat)這句話。copy“抄寫”；print“打印”；recite“背誦”。8A但是一旦作者的爺爺明白(got it)了，他就笑了起來。make it“獲得成功，準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)”。9C根據(jù)上文中的“l(fā)aughed”和下文中作者的爺爺所背誦的語句與該句話的主題的一致性可知，作者的爺爺對這句話所表達(dá)的主題是完全同意的。puzzlement“疑惑”；scepticism “懷疑”；agreement“贊同，同意”；disapproval“反對，不贊成”。10B作者告訴爺爺她在漫長的冬天過后，最終看到春天，特別是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)這句引語，自己是有多高興。especially“特別，尤其”，符合語境。practically“實(shí)際地，差不多”；obviously“明顯地”；naturally“自然而然地”。11D春天就是一個可信的跡象，它表明生命是長存的。sign“跡象，征兆”符合語境。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。12C根據(jù)上文中的“I wasn't unhappy”，下文中的“rejoice(高興)”“joy”及文章的主題可知，這句話使作者感到開心(merry)。astonished“震驚的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。13A作者的爺爺又笑了笑，然后用他那悅耳的嗓音為作者背誦了他最喜歡的語句。in.voice是固定搭配，表示“以的嗓音”。14D參見上題解析。impressive“給人印象深刻的”；superb“極佳的，質(zhì)量極高的”；classical“經(jīng)典的”；favorite“最喜歡的”。15B沙漠應(yīng)該高興，像玫瑰一樣盛開。根據(jù)空后的“as the rose does”可知，flower“開花”符合語境。16B多年后，當(dāng)作者和丈夫驅(qū)車穿越一個有很多野花和盛開的仙人掌的沙漠時，她幾乎又聽到了爺爺笑著說“沙漠應(yīng)該高興”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，且在從句中作時間狀語，故選when。17C參見上題解析。almost“幾乎，差不多”，符合語境。18D根據(jù)空后的“the blooming of cactuses.”和上文中的“a desert with many wildflowers and blooming(盛開的)cactuses”及“The desert shall rejoice”可知，生命長存，同樣的，我們也要堅(jiān)持。生命長存于寂靜的沙漠(desert)中和盛開的仙人掌里。19Ain the dead of winter“在隆冬，在嚴(yán)冬”?？涨暗膁ead形象地表現(xiàn)出了冬季萬物蕭條的景象，與春季的綠意及萬物復(fù)蘇的景象形成鮮明的對比。20C春天提醒我們，我們永遠(yuǎn)充滿活力。convince“使相信”；assure“使確信”；remind“提醒”；strike“突然想到”。四、七選五。Think about what you've learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you. 1 The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向吐露). Try to understand where it's coming from，and why.Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？It's important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2 Resist the urge to dish it out.Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out，but he or she can't take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might become a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine.Resist the urge to take revenge.If you've been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for an eye” 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 ABe cautious about making friends.BBe careful about your private information.CTry to persuade more people to be on your side.DSo if you can，figure out how the rumor occurs.EIn other words，don't be the person to spread rumors.FIt's tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others.GAnd make you as much of a bully(恃強(qiáng)凌弱者)as any other rumor starter.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。講述的是如何正確應(yīng)對謠言。1B根據(jù)下文的“The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向吐露)”可知，本段主要講的是“對你自己的隱私要小心謹(jǐn)慎”，故選B項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)中的“private information”也與文中的“private information”相匹配。2D根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Try to understand where it's coming from，and why.”及空前的內(nèi)容可知，對謠言作出反應(yīng)前，弄清楚謠言很重要。所以如果你能的話，要弄清楚謠言的來源和起因，故D項(xiàng)符合語境。3E根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空處上下文的內(nèi)容可知，空處講的應(yīng)是不要散播謠言相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故E項(xiàng)符合語境。4F根據(jù)下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是報復(fù)的方法，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。5G根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，如果以散布謠言的方式報復(fù)別人的話，你可能會在短期內(nèi)感覺良好，但是最后，這只會使得謠言繼續(xù)被散布，故G項(xiàng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步說明了這種報復(fù)方式的消極后果。 11