十、詞句猜測(cè)句意理解題(2017·浙江，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camels hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂的).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve.That year，one of Benjamins cousins，Mr Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版畫(huà)) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(風(fēng)景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了美國(guó)著名藝術(shù)家本杰明·韋斯特是如何開(kāi)始他的藝術(shù)生涯的。21.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.答案C解析主旨大意題。文章從本杰明在六歲時(shí)自制畫(huà)筆作畫(huà)寫起，到后來(lái)利用專業(yè)工具作畫(huà)，再到知名畫(huà)家送給本杰明書(shū)籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的，故選C。22.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.答案D解析句意理解題。由前文可知，本杰明在沒(méi)有專業(yè)畫(huà)筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫(huà)筆的。畫(huà)線句的字面意思是“貓的命運(yùn)將會(huì)得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫(huà)筆。由此可推知D項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線句的意思相符。23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接著下一段又談到“.Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘寧頓送給本杰明繪畫(huà)材料來(lái)幫助他發(fā)展藝術(shù)才能，故選B項(xiàng)。24.Williams two books helped Benjamin to .A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintingsC.get to know other paintersD.make up his mind to be a painter答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后兩句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，這兩本書(shū)是他通往古典繪畫(huà)的入門教程，也幫助他下定決心成為一名畫(huà)家，故選D項(xiàng)。一、題型解讀記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文中可能會(huì)考查句意理解題。要求考生用合適的語(yǔ)句解釋一個(gè)具有概括性的句子或格言、諺語(yǔ)。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)The underlined sentence in the first/second/.paragraph means “ ”.(2)Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the first/second/.paragraph?二、解題技巧“意義吻合”定句意例如：【真題感悟】中第22題：第一步：速讀文章，找出文章中與畫(huà)線句子相關(guān)的句子(1)Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂的).(2)When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.第二步：對(duì)比信息句、畫(huà)線句和選項(xiàng)，確定答案畫(huà)線句上一段講到為了制作畫(huà)筆本杰明剪貓的毛使貓“破相”，接下來(lái)講到堂兄給他送來(lái)了顏料和畫(huà)筆使貓的命運(yùn)得到改善，隱含著“本杰明將得到真正的畫(huà)筆”。由此可推知D項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線句的意思相符。AWhat do you do if you dont get into your first choice of university？Thats the dilemma(困境) that faces thousands of British students every year.Many candidates turn to Clearing，the service that helps find university places for students at the last moment.If they dont have the marks to get into their first choice of institution，Clearing tells them about places available at other universities，though they might have to read another subject.But this year has seen a record number of people applying to university.This，combined with the weak economy，an uncertain job market and budget cuts at universities，means that theres been even more of a scramble for places than usual.Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.The British University Admissions Service，UCAS，says up to a quarter of this years university applicantsalmost 190,000 peoplestill dont have a place on a degree course.Thats a rise of over 46,000 students from last year.Faced with these figures，some British students might be thinking of an interesting alternative：studying abroad.The University of Nottingham，for example，is offering places at its campuses in Ningbo，near Shanghai，and Kuala Lumpur，Malaysia.Students here can gain University of Nottingham degrees in business，accounting，engineering and English.Similarly，the University of Bolton says it has “unlimited” places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.Given the problems getting into university，the UKs Higher Education Minister，David Willetts，encourages students who havent made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home.“There are a range of options available，” he says.“People are able to reapply.They should think how they can spend their year adding that bit to their CV，which would help their applicationgetting practical work experience or extra skillsanything that strengthens their chances next year.”But some experts say that rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean its the worst time to be a university student in the UK.1.When the author says “theres been even more of a scramble for places”(Para.3)，he means .A.more people have applied to universityB.there is more competition between the candidatesC.there are more services that help find university placesD.more places are available答案B解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.”可知，每個(gè)名額都有6個(gè)學(xué)生申請(qǐng)，可見(jiàn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈，故選B。2.According to UCAS，there are about university applicants this year.A.190,000 B.46,000C.236,000 D.760,000答案D解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。由第四段中的“UCAS，says up to a quarter of this years university applicantsalmost 190,000 peoplestill dont have a place on a degree course.”可知，190 000人是今年大學(xué)申請(qǐng)者的四分之一，因此今年大學(xué)申請(qǐng)者的數(shù)量是190 000×4760 000人，故選D。3.David Willetts encourages students faced with the lack of places on a degree course .A.to consider apprenticeships and studying at homeB.to study at campus outside the UKC.to ask Clearing for helpD.not to go to university in the UK答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“David Willetts，encourages students who havent made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home”可知，David Willetts鼓勵(lì)分?jǐn)?shù)不夠上大學(xué)的學(xué)生考慮其他選擇，例如去做學(xué)徒或是在家學(xué)習(xí)，故選A。4.Which of the following is NOT the reason that may make this year the worst time to enter university?A.It costs more to study at university.B.Long-term job prospects are worse.C.Universities offer places in other countries.D.There are fewer chances to do graduate study.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean its the worst time to be a university student in the UK.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)都是造成這一年學(xué)生們最難進(jìn)入大學(xué)的原因。由第五段可知C項(xiàng)是解決這一問(wèn)題的方法而非原因。故選C。5.According to the passage，what can students do if they dont get into their first choice of university?A.They can go to work in Clearing.B.They can get practical work experience or skills and reapply next year.C.They can spend the year writing a better CV.D.They do graduate study at home.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“People are able to reapply.which would help their applicationgetting practical work experience or extra skills”可知，未能如愿申請(qǐng)入學(xué)的學(xué)生應(yīng)盡可能利用這一年做一些能幫助他們申請(qǐng)的事情，即取得實(shí)際的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)或技能，明年再重新申請(qǐng)，故選B。BThe public has voted the X-ray machine as the best invention.Out of nearly 50,000 votes cast，one in five people named it for having made the greatest impact on the past，present and future.Ten of the most significant objects in science，engineering，technology and medicine were selected for the vote.Information on all the items is found at the Science Museum in London.The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.X-rays provided the first possibility of looking inside someones body without cutting them opena massive medical advance.The particular X-ray machine in questionthe Reynolds machine in the Museums Making the Modern World Gallerywas a “do-it-yourself” experiment by a father and his son who were so inspired by news of the discovery of the X-ray that they set about building the equipment in their own home.Museum curator(館長(zhǎng)) Katie Maggs said.“Its very inspirational to young scientists to learn that an invention now declared the most important in world history could be pioneered by enthusiastic amateur inventors.”Professor Andy Adam，president of the Royal College of Radiologists，was delighted to learn of the result.He said that the X-ray machine had revolutionized medical practice and that the technology had now advanced so much that we are reaching the era of the “transparent patient”.Culture Secretary Ben Bradshaw said，“Any competition that pits the Apollo 10 spacecraft against Stephensons Rocket，and the DNA double helix against the Model T Ford，is bound to provide many talking points.”“The publics choice of the X-ray machine as the winner is a proof to our greedy curiosity to find out how things work.”The poll(投票) was conducted as part of the Science Museums events to mark its centenary(百年慶典).The 10 objects form a special Centenary Journey trail through the museum galleries.6.Which of the following are the top three among inventions or discoveries?A.X-ray machine，Apollo 10 capsule and steam engine.B.X-ray machine，DNA double helix structure and penicillin.C.Stephensons Rocket，penicillin and the Model T Ford.D.Stephensons Rocket，Apollo 10 capsule and V2 Rocket Engine.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.”可知B項(xiàng)正確。7.Which of the following is TRUE about the X-ray machine in the Gallery?A.It was made by the Reynolds Machine Company.B.It was a product directed by great scientists.C.It was built by a father and his son in their own home.D.It was small in size and advanced in technology.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段內(nèi)容可知，一對(duì)父子在自己的家里造出了X光機(jī)，故選C。8.From the underlined part in Para.8，we know Professor Andy Adam means .A.the X-ray machine has greatly improved medical practiceB.the patients are all transparent in the eyes of doctorsC.with the help of the X-ray machine，everything is transparentD.there is no need to cut someones body open during operations now答案A解析句意理解題。由第八段內(nèi)容可知，由于X射線可以透視人體，因此人類已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了“透明病人”時(shí)代，即病人身體哪兒有病，都能用X光機(jī)看到，這是醫(yī)療史上的巨大進(jìn)步，故選A。9.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.Top Ten Inventions of This CenturyB.The Most Important DiscoveriesC.What Makes Patients TransparentD.X-ray MachineTop Scientific Invention答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)本文中心句第一句以及全文內(nèi)容可知，該篇文章主要講述了X光機(jī)被人們選為最好的發(fā)明，因此D項(xiàng)作為文章標(biāo)題最合適，故選D。10.This passage is most probably taken from .A.a science fiction B.a school textbookC.a news journal D.a medicine magazine答案C解析文章出處題。從內(nèi)容來(lái)看，本文是在報(bào)道一件事，因此它屬于新聞性質(zhì)的文章，故選C。題型組合練(十三).單項(xiàng)填空1.To our great surprise，the little girl from the countryside because of her excellent English and quick wit after several rounds of competition.A.stood out B.picked outC.turned out D.came out答案A解析句意為：讓我們吃驚的是，這個(gè)來(lái)自鄉(xiāng)下的小女孩憑借出色的英語(yǔ)和敏捷的反應(yīng)，在幾輪比賽后便脫穎而出。stand out突出；pick out挑出；turn out結(jié)果是；come out出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是。故選A。2.There is growing concern among the parents using computers to write articles has a bad effect on childrens handwriting.A.what B.that C.why D.when答案B解析句意為：家長(zhǎng)們?cè)絹?lái)越擔(dān)心，用電腦寫文章會(huì)對(duì)孩子的書(shū)寫產(chǎn)生不良影響。空格后的句子內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面名詞concern的具體說(shuō)明，且句意完整不缺成分，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。故選B。3.We have seen many wonderful strategies for the peace-loving people， China is bringing in solving the complicated problems.A.who B.where C.which D.when答案C解析句意為：我們已經(jīng)看到中國(guó)正在為愛(ài)好和平的人民帶來(lái)許多解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的良策。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞strategies，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用which，故選C。4.Having wrestled with his for a whole night，the young man decided to go to the police station to confess his crime.A.conscience B.requestC.privilege D.appetite答案A解析句意為：經(jīng)過(guò)一整夜的良心掙扎，這個(gè)年輕人決定去公安局坦白自己的罪行。conscience道德心，良心；request請(qǐng)求，需要；privilege特權(quán)，優(yōu)待；appetite食欲，嗜好。故選A。5.The economy of the country began to years after the big earthquake broke out.A.recycle B.recoverC.count D.combine答案B解析句意為：在那場(chǎng)大地震爆發(fā)后的幾年里，這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)始復(fù)蘇。recycle重復(fù)利用，循環(huán)；recover恢復(fù)，復(fù)原；count計(jì)數(shù)，有價(jià)值；combine聯(lián)合，結(jié)合。這里的recover是熟詞新義，表示“從不愉快的事情中復(fù)原或恢復(fù)常態(tài)”的意思。故選B。6.On Teachers Day，we all went to school to see our teachers.A.especially B.speciallyC.particularly D.attentively答案B解析句意為：教師節(jié)那天，我們專程到學(xué)校去看望老師。specially特別地，專門地，強(qiáng)調(diào)為了某一目的，符合題意。7.The news that some provinces are going to cancel their independent colleges in 2018 ，so situation will change.A.have been confirmed B.is confirmingC.has been confirmed D.is being confirmed答案C解析句意為：部分省份打算在2018年取消三本院校的消息已經(jīng)得到證實(shí)，因此情況要有變化。由句意可知confirm的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；又因news與confirm之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。8.The Chinese government has been pushing various effective reforms all its citizens.A.in charge of B.for the purpose ofC.in honor of D.for the benefit of答案D解析句意為：為了所有公民的利益，中國(guó)政府一直在推行各種有效的改革。in charge of掌管，負(fù)責(zé)；for the purpose of為了(目的)；in honor of為了紀(jì)念；for the benefit of為了的利益。故選D。9.How did you get the information，Helen? ，but Im not sure whether it is true or not.A.Dont put on the dogB.A little bird told meC.Let the cat out of the bagD.Im all ears答案B解析句意為：你是怎么得到信息的，海倫？聽(tīng)別人說(shuō)的，但我不能確定這是真的還是假的。Dont put on the dog不要擺架子；A little bird told me聽(tīng)別人說(shuō)的；Let the cat out of the bag泄露秘密；Im all ears洗耳恭聽(tīng)。故選B。10.Some subjects，such as math，physics and English，are for the senior high school students in China but some of them are unwilling to learn English.A.comparable B.compulsoryC.considerable D.complex答案B解析句意為：一些學(xué)科，如數(shù)學(xué)、物理和英語(yǔ)，是中國(guó)高中生的必修課，但有些學(xué)生不愿意學(xué)英語(yǔ)。comparable可比較的，比得上的；compulsory義務(wù)的，必修的，被強(qiáng)制的；considerable相當(dāng)大的，重要的，值得考慮的；complex復(fù)雜的。故選B。.完形填空(2018·河?xùn)|區(qū)一模)He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his familys cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake.On the day before the bass season opened，he and his father were fishing early in the evening， 11 sunfish and perch with worms.Then he tied on a small lure and practiced casting.The lure 12 the water and caused colored ripples (漣漪，細(xì)浪) in the sunset，then 13 ripples as the moon rose over the lake.When his fishing rod doubled over，he knew something 14 was on the other end.His father watched with 15 as the boy skillfully worked the fish alongside the dock.Finally，he carefully lifted the 16 fish from the water.It was the largest one he had ever seen，but it was a bass.The boy and his father looked at the handsome fish，gills(鰓) playing back and forth in the 17 .The father lit a match and looked at the watch.It was 10 p.m.two hours 18 the season opened.He looked at the fish，then at the boy.“Youll have to 19 ，son，” he said.“Dad！” cried the boy.“There will be other fish，” said his father.“Not as big as this one，” cried the boy.He looked around the lake.No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around in the moonlight.He looked again at his father.Even though no one had seen them， 20 could anyone ever know what time he caught the fish，the boy could 21 by the clarity of his fathers voice that the decision was not negotiable(可協(xié)商的).He slowly pulled the 22 out of the lip of the huge fish and 23 it into the black water.The creature swished its powerful body and disappeared.The boy 24 that he would never again see such a great fish.That was 34 years ago.Today，the boy is a successful architect in New York City.And he was right.He has never again caught such a magnificent fish 25 the one that was set free by him that night long ago.But he does see that same fish 26 every time he 27 against a question of ethics.For，as his father taught him，ethics are simple 28 of right and wrong. 29 is only the practice of ethics that is difficult.Do we do right when no one is looking? We would 30 we were taught to put the fish back when we were young.11.A.catching B.drawingC.trapping D.expecting答案A解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知父子兩人到湖中的目的是“捕太陽(yáng)魚(yú)和鱸魚(yú)”。catch捕足，捕獲，符合文意。12.A.met B.struckC.knocked D.attacked答案B解析根據(jù)下文“caused colored ripples(漣漪，細(xì)浪) in the sunset”可知，魚(yú)餌落入水中時(shí)激起漣漪。meet遇見(jiàn)；strike打擊；knock敲；attack吸引。13.A.golden B.silverC.black D.blue答案B解析根據(jù)常識(shí)及“then ripples as the moon rose over the lake”可知，在月光下漣漪是銀色的。14.A.light B.slimC.small D.huge答案D解析根據(jù)“When his fishing rod doubled over，he knew something was on the other end.”可知當(dāng)魚(yú)竿向下彎的時(shí)候，他知道線的另一端一定釣到了一條大魚(yú)。15.A.decision B.instructionC.admiration D.celebration答案C解析decision決定；instruction指令；admiration羨慕，欽佩；celebration慶祝。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知男孩釣魚(yú)技巧純熟(skillfully)，且釣到了大魚(yú)，故此處應(yīng)指父親賞識(shí)地(with admiration)看著兒子。16.A.lively B.livingC.exhausted D.dead答案C解析lively和living不用來(lái)修飾fish，而由下文作者將魚(yú)放生可知，魚(yú)沒(méi)有死，故選C。exhausted疲憊的，耗盡的。17.A.moonlight B.sunC.wind D.lake答案A解析根據(jù)上文“as the moon rose over the lake”及下文“in the moonlight”可知，此處指是在月光下，鱸魚(yú)看起來(lái)非常漂亮。18.A.when B.sinceC.after D.before答案D解析根據(jù)下文“The creature swished its powerful body and disappeared.”可知鱸魚(yú)被放回湖中，說(shuō)明離開(kāi)漁時(shí)間還有兩個(gè)小時(shí)。19.A.pull it up B.speed it upC.put it back D.bring it back答案C解析pull.up拉起；speed.up加速；put.back放回；bring.back帶回。根據(jù)下文可知此處父親說(shuō)“你得把它放回去，孩子”。20.A.not B.norC.and D.or答案B解析根據(jù)上文“No other fishermen or boats were anywhere”可知，此處指沒(méi)有人看到他們，更無(wú)從得知他們何時(shí)釣到了魚(yú)。21.A.receive B.believeC.organize D.tell答案D解析根據(jù)“the boy could by the clarity of his fathers voice that the decision was not negotiable(可協(xié)商的)”可知，男孩還是能從父親堅(jiān)定的聲音中分辨這個(gè)決定是不可更改的。tell分辨，辨別，常與can，could，be able to連用。22.A.worm B.hookC.boat D.match答案B解析根據(jù)“He slowly pulled the out of the lip of the huge fish.”可知他慢慢地將魚(yú)鉤從大鱸魚(yú)的唇上取下。23.A.lowered B.liftedC.watched D.changed答案A解析根據(jù)空后的“it into the black water”可知此處指他將魚(yú)放回水中。lower降低，把放低；lift舉起；watch看，觀察；change改變。24.A.expected B.admittedC.complained D.suspected答案C解析expect期望；admit承認(rèn)；complain抱怨；suspect懷疑。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處指小男孩抱怨道再也見(jiàn)不到這么大的鱸魚(yú)了。25.A.that B.whenC.as D.because答案C解析根據(jù)上文的such可知此處應(yīng)該使用as，意為“像一樣”；such.that如此以至于。26.A.once again B.again and againC.all the time D.in the end答案B解析once again再一次；again and again一次又一次；all the time一直；in the end最后。根據(jù)“But he does see that same fish every time”可知但每次他面臨道德難題而舉棋不定的時(shí)候，他的眼前一次又一次地浮現(xiàn)出那條魚(yú)。27.A.comes up B.catches upC.makes up D.rings up答案A解析come up(against)面對(duì)；catch up追趕；make up編造；ring up撥打電話。句意參見(jiàn)上題解析。28.A.information B.adviceC.matters D.messages答案C解析根據(jù)空處所在句意“因?yàn)?，正如父親所教他的那樣，道德是簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)和錯(cuò)的問(wèn)題。”可知選C。29.A.It B.HeC.The right D.The wrong答案A解析根據(jù)上文和“ is only the practice of ethics that is difficult.”可知，“把道德付諸行動(dòng)才是真正困難的事”，此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句“It is.