第二講代詞李仕才第一課時(shí)知識(shí)過(guò)關(guān)課1.表“兩者”和“多者”的代詞都都不任一兩者bothneithereither多者allnoneany(1)表示否定可說(shuō)not.either/any，但沒(méi)有either/any.not的說(shuō)法。(2)none既可指人，也可指物。它強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，意為“一點(diǎn)也不，一個(gè)也不”，常用于回答how much和how many開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句；還可與介詞of連用。no one只能指人(nobody)，不能接of短語(yǔ)，常用于回答who開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句。(3)both/all/every等與not連用表示部分否定，意為“并非都/每一”。2.表“另外的，別的”的代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)泛指anotherothers特指the otherthe others說(shuō)明可作定語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)(1)單獨(dú)的other只能作定語(yǔ)。(2)搭配：some.others.有些另外一些；one.the other.一個(gè)(特指兩者中的)另一個(gè)；one.another.still another.一個(gè)另一個(gè)還有一個(gè)(列舉，非特指)；for one thing.for another.一則，再則(列出理由)。(3)特殊：another用于“another基數(shù)詞(few)復(fù)數(shù)名詞”中，與“基數(shù)詞(some)other/more復(fù)數(shù)名詞”相當(dāng)。3.區(qū)分幾個(gè)替代詞(1)it和that都替代“the單數(shù)名詞”，都是特指，都可替代可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞；但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同類”事物。(2)one替代“a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，表示泛指；其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones替代泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。(3)the one是one的特指，替代“the單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，相當(dāng)于that；其復(fù)數(shù)形式those，替代“the復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，在口語(yǔ)中也可用those代替。當(dāng)后面有of短語(yǔ)時(shí)，多用that或those；當(dāng)有前置修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用one(s)。讀語(yǔ)篇，悟語(yǔ)法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫(huà)線黑體部分的代詞，體會(huì)其意義和在句中作何種成分。We1 students should get on well with each_other2. But in fact, something unpleasant can happen from time to time. For example, yesterday afternoon，it3 was fine._All4 of us went out to the playground. Some were playing games and others5 were playing football when two boys of us quarreled and then fought. Every_one6 of us was confused because they were ever very good friends and nobody7 could exactly tell what8 they fought for.Neither9 of them wanted to give in to the_other10. I thought it11 wrong of them to do so. So I tried to tell them12 that we should put ourselves13 in others shoes, but both14 of them were too angry to calm down. It15 was not until our headteacher came that they parted. In my opinion, it16 is necessary for us to calm down and solve problems that we meet. Only those17 who can easily forgive and forget will get a more comfortable life.1.we是人稱代詞主格，在本句中作主語(yǔ)。2.each other與one another兩個(gè)是相互代詞，在句中只能作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。本句中的each other作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)。3.it指天氣。4.all不定代詞，在本句中作主語(yǔ)。5.some.others.是固定句式，表示“一些人另一些人”。6.every one不定代詞，在本句中作主語(yǔ)，注意，every one常接of短語(yǔ)，但everyone (everybody)不與of短語(yǔ)連用。7.nobody (no one)表示“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人”，在本句中作主語(yǔ)。若與of短語(yǔ)連用，則要用none，如None of them has/have been there.他們中沒(méi)有一個(gè)人去過(guò)那里。8.what疑問(wèn)代詞，意為“什么”，在賓語(yǔ)從句中作fought for的賓語(yǔ)。9.neither指兩者中的“沒(méi)有一個(gè)”，在本句中作主語(yǔ)。10.the other特指兩者中的“另外一個(gè)”，在本句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。11.it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。12.them是人稱代詞的賓格，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。13.ourselves是反身代詞，在本句中作put的賓語(yǔ)。反身代詞在句中一般作賓語(yǔ)，也可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。14.both表示“兩者都”，在本句中作主語(yǔ)。15.it用于構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，it was not until.that.意為“直到才”。16.it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。17.those表示“那些人”，相當(dāng)于those people。.單句填空(請(qǐng)?jiān)诳崭裉幪钊?個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)拇~)1.At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.2.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones.3.Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like either of them very much.4.Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do both.5.Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.6.This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.7.If youre buying todays paper from the stand，could you get one for me?8.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have some work to do.9.We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose one based on your own interest.10.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.11.The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.12.We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.13.I smiled a big smile and it worked a little, really.14.I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax myself.15.At that moment an attractive young lady, who noticed my book, came to to me and introduced herself.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請(qǐng)指出并改正。)1.The doctor advised Vera strongly to take a holiday, but he didnt help.heit2.The chairman thought that necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.thatit3.The book is of great value. Everything can be enjoyed unless you digest it.EverythingNothing4.If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on us.第二個(gè)usourselves5.Those who smoke heavily should remind them of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.themthemselves6.The film that I saw it yesterday is interesting.去掉it7.With Mr. Smith to teach our English, our spoken English will be improved.ourus8.I think the dog owners should be aware that his dogs have caused damage to the environment.histheir9.On hearing this, the young mans face turned red and she immediately threw the cigarette into the dustbin in the bus.shehe10.My teachers often encourage we to take afterclass activities.weus11.A man came in and asked who was the monitor of our class. I told him that myself was monitor.在myself前加I12.We can practice using English idioms in your diary writing.yourour.語(yǔ)篇填空(在空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~)An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market. The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1._. A man saw them and asked the son why 2._ wasnt riding the donkey. Then the father let 3._ ride it.4._ man saw them and told 5._ that they should 6._ ride the donkey. So 7._ both got on it. A woman who saw them said，“Tell 8._， why are you both riding that poor animal？9._ looks so weak and tired.10._ are so cruel！”Then, the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge. When they were halfway across the bridge, the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一則寓言故事，講述的是沒(méi)有主見(jiàn)的父子二人騎驢去趕集的故事。1.it指代前面的the donkey。2.he指代前面的the son，在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，用主格。3.him指his son，作let的賓語(yǔ)，用賓格。4.Another泛指“另一個(gè)”人。5.them指代the father和his son，作told的賓語(yǔ)。6.both作主語(yǔ)they的同位語(yǔ)，指這對(duì)父子“兩人都”應(yīng)騎在驢背上。7.they指代the father和his son，作主語(yǔ)。8.me與后面的you(你)相對(duì)，應(yīng)是me(我)。9.It指前面的that poor animal。10.You由前面的you both可知。第二課時(shí)高考研究課代詞在語(yǔ)法填空中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法1.人稱代詞位置決定形式：主語(yǔ)處主格；賓語(yǔ)處賓格；名詞前形容詞性物主代詞2.不定代詞位置：主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)處；推敲語(yǔ)境，搞清被指代名詞的特點(diǎn)；搜索詞匯，從常見(jiàn)的不定代詞中找出適合語(yǔ)境的最佳答案。真題驗(yàn)證11.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using _ every day.(2015·全國(guó)卷)答案it用it指代前句中的railway。2.Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt _(I)，”says Pahlsson.(2017·浙江卷)答案myself根據(jù)前面的主語(yǔ)I可知，此處要用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)。3.On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _(it) mother.(2017·浙江卷)答案its名詞前應(yīng)該使用形容詞性物主代詞。4. In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.(2017·浙江卷)答案that不定代詞代指前面the education system，同名異物，且為特指。5. Now it occurred to _ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.(2015·廣東卷)答案him介詞后使用賓格。6.A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _(it) choking smog. (2015·全國(guó)卷)答案its名詞前應(yīng)該使用形容詞性物主代詞。7. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.(2015·福建卷改編)答案neither由語(yǔ)境可知此處表示兩者(two reports)全部否定，故使用不定代詞neither。8.Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.(2015·四川卷改編)答案none由語(yǔ)境可知此處表示三者或以上(full of ideas)全部否定，故使用不定代詞none。代詞在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法錯(cuò)誤類型解決方法前后代詞指代不一致在上下文中尋找與代詞指代相符的對(duì)象，保證代詞指代一致代詞數(shù)的錯(cuò)用根據(jù)上下文確定代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式物主代詞的錯(cuò)用名詞前形容詞性物主代詞；功能上相當(dāng)于“形容詞名詞”名詞性物主代詞反身代詞與人稱代詞的錯(cuò)用反身代詞代詞與主語(yǔ)一致；人稱代詞代詞與主語(yǔ)不一致不定代詞的錯(cuò)用推敲語(yǔ)境，理清指代關(guān)系，找出命題點(diǎn)真題驗(yàn)證21.Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.(2017·全國(guó)卷)_答案第一句allboth或去掉all因?yàn)榇颂幹笍埾壬蛷執(zhí)珒蓚€(gè)人。both指兩者都，all指三者或三者以上都。2.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. (2017·全國(guó)卷)_答案yourmy作者以第一人稱敘述了這張照片的故事，按照邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)是“這張照片經(jīng)常讓我想到我高中階段的許多記憶”，故應(yīng)該使用代詞my。3.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(2016·全國(guó)卷)_答案yourour代詞指代不一致。4.When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.(2016·四川卷)_答案herhis代詞指代不一致。5.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015·浙江卷)_答案themit由語(yǔ)境可知是“很多樹(shù)圍繞在一個(gè)公園周圍”。6.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.(2015·陜西卷)_答案anythingsomething在肯定句中常常使用something。第三課時(shí)寫(xiě)作增分課代詞在寫(xiě)作中的增分點(diǎn)一、使用好代詞，寫(xiě)出正確優(yōu)美句子1.在我看來(lái)，我們學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守學(xué)校制度，做學(xué)校讓我們做的事情。(obey the regulations, whatever)In_my_opinion,_we_students_should_obey_the_regulations_of_our_school,_and_do_whatever_our_school_asks_us_to_do.2.在冬季，北京的天氣比廣州的天氣冷得多。(the weather of Beijing)In_winter,_the_weather_of_Beijing_is_much_colder_than_that_of_Guangzhou.3.張老師是一位非常受人尊重的老師，一位我們終生都不會(huì)忘記的老師。(a most respected, one, for the rest of our lives)Mr._Zhang_is_a_most_respected_teacher,_one_well_never_forget_for_the_rest_of_our_lives.4.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)關(guān)心環(huán)境。我們中的每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。(everyone, care about, the environment, every one, make a contribution to)Everyone_should_care_about_the_environment_and_every_one_of_us_should_make_a_contribution_to_protecting_it.5.一些人贊成這個(gè)主意。不過(guò)，另外一些人強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。(some, in favor of, however, strongly against)Some_are_in_favor_of_the_idea;_however,_others_are_strongly_against_it.二、使用it句型，寫(xiě)出高顏值的增分句子1. 遵守規(guī)則是每個(gè)人的責(zé)任。(It is everyones responsibility to.)It_is_everyones_responsibility_to_obey_the_rules.2. 知道自己的局限性是重要的。(Its important to.)Its_important_to_know_your_own_limitations.3. 我知道是開(kāi)始做作業(yè)的時(shí)候了，但我就是忍不住要玩電腦游戲。(it is time for me to do.)I_know_it_is_time_for_me_to_set_out_to_do_my_homework,_but_I_just_cant_resist_playing_computer_games.4. 她是一個(gè)熱心腸的人，因此她經(jīng)常幫助那些處于困境的人們就不足為怪了。(it is no wonder that.)She_is_warmhearted,_so_it_is_no_wonder_that_she_always_helps_those_who_are_in_trouble.5. 更糟的是，一些司機(jī)、騎車人和行人(pedestrian)不認(rèn)為遵守交規(guī)有多么重要。(think it vital to.)Whats_worse,_some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_do_not_think_it_vital_to_obey_traffic_rules.6. 總之，自由分享(wild release)使得我們選擇所喜歡的書(shū)籍時(shí)方便得多。(make it much more convenient for sb to do.)In_a_word,_“wild_release”_makes_it_much_more_convenient_for_us_to_choose_what_books_we_like.7. 當(dāng)談及英語(yǔ)時(shí)，聽(tīng)和說(shuō)是我的弱項(xiàng)之所在。(when it comes to.)Listening_and_speaking_is_where_my_weakness_lies_when_it_comes_to_English.8. 自從我們上次見(jiàn)面已經(jīng)三年了。(It is.since.)It_is_already_three_years_since_we_met_last_time. 9