課時(shí)提能練(二十一)必修5Unit 1Great scientists課時(shí)作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面.語境語法填空 AAn 1.announcement (announce) was made yesterday, saying that Mr. Watson was awarded a prize for his 2.contribution (contribute) to environmental protection. How to stop the air being polluted is a 3.challenging (challenge) task facing society today. Mr. Watson began to work on air 4.pollution (pollute) problems at age 24 and has been showing great 5.enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for his work. He thinks governments should take 6.responsibility (responsible) for the worsening air quality. He often gives specific instructions in the 7.construction (construct) of power stations, warning that people should be 8.cautious (caution) in producing electricity from coal.BAn opinion was put 9.forward two years ago that a bridge would be built to link this island 10.to the mainland. But some experts warned the local government to be cautious 11.about/of the potential risks, adding that it made little sense 12.to spend(spend) a large sum of money making such a bridge. However, the islanders were very enthusiastic 13.about the opinion. The bridge could promote the local economy apart 14.from the convenience it would bring to them. Now the bridge is 15.under construction, but the builders are required to slow 16.down the construction speed to make sure every detail is perfect.CMrs. Brown didn't know who 17.to blame (blame) for the stolen antique vase. She lived in a big house with a strong fence 18.surrounding (surround) it. Every time she left home she would have all the windows and doors 19.locked (lock). The robber must 20.have been (be) very smart and intelligent, for neither the alarm 21.nor her dog made a sound when he slipped in. Only 22.if the police arrested the robber did she know if she could get back the expensive vase.語境短文改錯(cuò) 根據(jù)P7課文內(nèi)容，對下面材料進(jìn)行修改。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。There was time when the powerful Christian Church believed God had made the world. It was because that reason that the earth was thought to be the centre of the solar system. Copernicus had thought long and hardly about it and tried to find an answer. But, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion what the earth was not the centre of the solar system. When he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system, the movement of the other planets made the sense. The Christian Church rejects his theory. But her theory is now the basis on that all our ideas of the universe are built.答案There was time when the powerful Christian Church believed God had made the world. It was that reason that the earth was thought to be the centre of the solar system. Copernicus had thought long and about it and tried to find an answer. ， all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion the earth was not the centre of the solar system. When he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system, the of the other planets made sense. The Christian Church his theory. But theory is now the basis on all our ideas of the universe are built.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1除了英語課之外， 我還積極參加英語角和其他英語課外活動(dòng)， 受益頗多。(apart from)Apart from English classes, I took an active part in English Corner and other after­class English activities, which benefited me a lot2湯姆專心于工作，忘記了通知她這件事。Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.(absorb)So absorbed was Tom in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.(so .that .的倒裝句)Absorbed in his work, Tom forgot to inform her of it.(過去分詞短語作狀語)3他把考試失敗歸咎于老師。He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame .on)He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam(blame .for)He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame n)4(2017·全國卷)了解唐朝的歷史有助于你理解這些詩。(contribute)Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will contribute to your understanding of the poems5每當(dāng)看到這張老照片，我就會(huì)想起我中學(xué)時(shí)的同桌。(every time)Every time I see the old photo, I will think of my deskmate in middle school.課時(shí)作業(yè)B：能力層面.閱讀理解A(2019·洛陽市、許昌市質(zhì)檢)Looking back on my childhood，I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them，I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents，aunts，uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects.I am a naturalist，not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.But curiosity，a keen eye，a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self­discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self­discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist，up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過自身的經(jīng)歷明白了一個(gè)道理：博物學(xué)家是天生的，而科學(xué)家則是可以后天培養(yǎng)的。1What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?AWildlife.BMusic.CLanguages.DLiterature.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects”可知，作者在童年時(shí)，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故選A。2Why can't the author remember his relatives clearly?AHe didn't live with them for long.BThe family was extremely large.CHe was fully occupied with observing nature.DHe was too young when he lived with them.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects”可推知，作者童年時(shí)期過于專注自然界而對周圍的親戚并不是很在意，所以沒有深刻的印象，這與第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼應(yīng)，故選C。3According to the author，what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?ABeing knowledgeable.BBeing self­disciplined.CBeing full of ambition.DBeing full of enthusiasm.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations”可知，作者從小熱愛自然界，而且這種熱情使作者做了很多不同的調(diào)查，成了一個(gè)博物學(xué)家。由此可推知，一個(gè)天生的博物學(xué)家首先要充滿熱情，故選D。4Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?AHe thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.BHe thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.CHe thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.DHe thinks he just reads about other people's observations.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self­discipline，a quality I lack”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己只是一個(gè)博物學(xué)家而不是一個(gè)科學(xué)家是因?yàn)樽约喝狈Τ蔀榭茖W(xué)家的必備素質(zhì)，故選A。B(2019·安徽省五校聯(lián)盟第二次質(zhì)檢)While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true, that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April. What's more, if the results of the experiment prove encouraging, starting 2019, the middle schoolers will never have to worry about after­school work or tests, aside from the national examinations, which are compulsive for students across the country.The school's principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea, said, “We are constantly receiving new reports that our children feel bad. And that's because they have a high level of stress all the time. This is our way of trying to reduce that stress.”The educator says that while banning homework and tests sounds radical(激進(jìn)的), it makes sense given the changes in the curriculum and approaches to education. While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.Sirkka is not the only one who believes after­school work does not help students learn. In March 2018, another principal in Canada also decided to do away with homework. They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.While the long­term impact of the recent decisions made by the two educators remains to be seen, the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years. Yet, Finnish students always rank high in the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests especially in math and science but they have the least homework! Hopefully, it will only be a matter of time before US educators follow their lead and ban after­school work as well!【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。瑞典一所學(xué)校在四月份取消了學(xué)生的家庭作業(yè)和考試，這是該校校長Petronella Sirkka看到學(xué)生作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)太重而提出的舉措，且芬蘭采取的類似做法已獲成功。5The students at Sturenskolan School had no homework in April because Athe headmaster was experimenting with her ideaBthey needed to do some experiments during the monthCthey were busy preparing for the national examinationsDthe headmaster had to carry out the government's policyA細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“The school's principal，PetronellaSirkka，who came up with the idea”，并結(jié)合第一段的內(nèi)容可知，Sturenskolan學(xué)校的學(xué)生們在四月份沒有家庭作業(yè)和考試是該校校長提出的想法，故A項(xiàng)正確。6What makes children's learning hard nowadays?AChildren have to do more analyzing.BThe approach to education is complex.CChildren get no support at home and school.DThere are many more facts to memorize.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句“While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home，to comprehend the material by themselves”可知，在過去，學(xué)生主要是被要求記住事實(shí)，而如今學(xué)生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子們往往很難自己理解這些材料。據(jù)此可知，反思和分析讓孩子們的學(xué)習(xí)更加困難。故A項(xiàng)正確。7What does Petronella Sirkka most likely advise parents to do?AHelp children with their homework.BFree children from after­school housework.CSpend more time reading to their children.DCommunicate with teachers from time to time.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段尾句“They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能會(huì)建議父母花些時(shí)間為他們的孩子們閱讀，故C項(xiàng)正確。8What can we infer about the students in Finland?AThey study the hardest at school.BThey have a more relaxing school life.CThey enjoy great success after graduation.DThey all have a talent for math and science.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段第一句中的“the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years”可知，多年來，芬蘭已經(jīng)取消了家庭作業(yè)、成績等級(jí)，甚至科目教學(xué)。據(jù)此可推知，芬蘭學(xué)生的學(xué)校生活更加輕松，故B項(xiàng)正確。.完形填空(2019·成都市第二次診斷性檢測)Earlier that evening, my mother called, telling me that my brother died in a car crash. I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) around the house 1 what to put into the suitcases. My husband, Larry, and I had been 2 for moving to New Mexico. The house was in (a) total 3 I tried to hold my tears. I 4 picked things up and put them down. I couldn't 5 . What I'd heard on the phone echoed through my head.Larry phoned a few friends. 6 ， someone asked to speak to me.“If there is anything I can do, let me know.”“Thank you，” I replied. I didn't know what to 7 The doorbell rang and I rose slowly for the 8 . It was Donna.“I've come to 9 your shoes，”she said. 10 ， I asked her to repeat.“When my father died, it took me 11 to get the shoes cleaned and 12 for my father's 13 ，” she said. I hadn't even thought about shoes.Shoes were gathered. Donna 14 herself on the floor and got to work. The love in the act 15 my tears. Watching her 16 on one task helped me pull my 17 into order. Laundry first, I told myself. One by one, the jobs fell into place.Now whenever I hear of an acquaintance's 18 of a loved one, I think of one 19 task that suits that person's 20 . If the person asks, “How did you know I needed that？” I'd reply，“Because someone did that.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者在失去親人后心理狀態(tài)很不好，由于受到了別人的幫助而恢復(fù)了正常之后，她也以同樣的方式幫助失去親人的熟人。1A.forgettingBimaginingCwonderingDsearchingC根據(jù)空前的“I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)”和下文中的“I tried to hold my tears”以及文章開頭第一句話可推知，作者聽到親人去世的噩耗時(shí)，有些不知所措，雖然是在收拾行李，卻不知道該把什么放進(jìn)手提箱里。wonder“感到疑惑，想知道”。2A.hopingBpackingCleavingDplanningB根據(jù)本句中的“for moving to New Mexico”可推知，作者為搬家到新墨西哥州而打包(packing)。3A.damageBfailureCdespairDmessD根據(jù)上文可知，作者和丈夫一直在為搬家而收拾行李，由此可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)作者的家里應(yīng)該是很雜亂(mess)。4A.aimlesslyBhelplesslyCquicklyDdecisivelyA根據(jù)上句“I tried to hold my tears”和本句中的“picked things up and put them down”可推知，作者因?yàn)槁牭降艿苋ナ赖呢亩瘋灰?，亂了方寸。aimlessly“無目的地，無計(jì)劃的”符合語境。5A.hurryBdecideCfocusDmoveC根據(jù)語境可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心理狀態(tài)非常不好，不能集中精力做事情。focus“集中(注意力、精力等于)”符合語境。6A.ConstantlyBLuckilyCSuddenlyDHappilyA根據(jù)上句“Larry phoned a few friends”可推知，作者的丈夫?qū)⒆髡呤サ艿艿氖虑楦嬖V了一些朋友，他們接著就不斷地(Constantly)打電話說愿意提供幫助。7A.call forBask forCtalk aboutDget acrossB根據(jù)語境可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)并不知道需要朋友們提供什么樣的幫助。call for“呼吁”；ask for“要求，請求”；talk about“談?wù)摗?；get across“解釋清楚”。8A.telephoneBnoiseCpersonDdoorD根據(jù)本句中的“The doorbell rang”可知，作者站起來去應(yīng)門(door)。9A.borrowBremoveCcleanDrepairC根據(jù)下文中的“to get the shoes cleaned”可推知，Donna是來幫助作者清理(clean)鞋的。10A.TouchedBShockedCConfusedDAmusedC根據(jù)本句中的“I asked her to repeat”可推知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)對Donna說的來幫她清理鞋子感到困惑(Confused)。touched“受感動(dòng)的”；shocked“震驚的”；amused“逗樂的”。11A.minutesBhoursCweeksDdecadesB根據(jù)本句中的“When my father died”和“to get the shoes cleaned and for my father's ”可推知，Donna應(yīng)是說她為了參加父親的葬禮(funeral)去清理鞋子并把它們擦亮(shined)。12A.washedBcopedCselectedDshinedD參見上題解析。13A.satisfactionBfuneralCsmilesDwishesB參見上上題解析。14A.laidBstoodCrestedDsettledD根據(jù)上句“Shoes were gathered”和語境可推知，當(dāng)鞋被聚集到一起之后，Donna在地板上找到舒適的位置(settled)開始清理鞋。15A.releasedBheldCstoppedDcausedA根據(jù)上文中的“I tried to hold my tears”和語境可知，Donna用行動(dòng)所展示的關(guān)愛讓作者感動(dòng)得流淚。release“釋放”。16A.keepingBconcentratingCinsistingDdependingB根據(jù)上文“Donna herself on the floor and got to work”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)Donna在專心地清理鞋。keep on“繼續(xù)，反復(fù)做”；concentrate on“集中(注意力)于”；insist on“堅(jiān)持”；depend on“依靠”。17A.thoughtsBroomsCsadnessDluggageA根據(jù)上文可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)因?yàn)橛H人的突然離世而亂了思緒，而看到Donna專心地幫她清理鞋讓她的思想(thoughts)恢復(fù)到了有序狀態(tài)。18A.feelingBmeetingClossDstoryC由上文提到作者的弟弟突然離世可知，此處表示每當(dāng)“我”聽說熟人的親人去世(loss)。19A.specificBnormalCstrangeDperfectA根據(jù)上文中的“ Watching her on one task”可知，“我”會(huì)想一件能滿足那個(gè)失去親人的熟人需要(need)的具體的(specific)工作。20A.ideaBpersonalityCidentityDneedD參見上題解析。- 9 -