第4講情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣1.Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018·江蘇，24)A.would B.shouldC.could D.might答案B解析句意為：很奇怪，他竟然未經(jīng)主人同意就拿走了那些書。此處should作情態(tài)動詞，表示“竟然”，符合句意，故選B。2.There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.(2018·江蘇，27)A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had答案A解析句意為：在這個村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有機會更多地參與其中。I wish后接從句，從句要用虛擬語氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，從句謂語用did(be動詞用were)；敘述與過去事實相反的假設，從句謂語用had done；敘述與將來事實相反的假設，從句謂語用would/could do。由語境可知，此處敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，故選A。3.In todays information age，the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.(2018·北京，12)A.need B.shouldC.can D.must答案C解析根據(jù)句意可知應該選C項。can在此表示可能性，意為“可能，會”。need需要；should應該；must必須，以上三者均不符合句意。句意為：在如今這個信息時代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失可能會給一個公司帶來嚴重的問題。4.They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.(2018·北京，13)A.drove B.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven答案D解析根據(jù)主句的謂語形式以及語境可知，if條件句應該用過去完成時，表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的結構：主句謂語用“should/would/could/mighthave done”，從句謂語用“had過去分詞”。5.I cant find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018·天津，10)A.should leave B.must have leftC.might leave D.could have left答案D解析句意為：我找不到我的錢包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語yesterday可知空格處是對過去發(fā)生事情的推測，需用“情態(tài)動詞have done”，B、D兩項符合；再根據(jù)句中的but Im not sure排除B項“一定落在”，故選D項。若C項改為might have left，也是正確的。6.If we the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018·天津，15)A.had caught B.caughtC.have caught D.would catch答案A解析句意為：如果我們昨天趕上了航班的話，我們現(xiàn)在就在海灘上享受假期了。根據(jù)前半句中的時間狀語yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及時間狀語now可知，這是一個錯綜時間條件句。從句表示與過去事實相反的假設，故用“had動詞的過去分詞”。7.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津，15)A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have beenC.werent D.wouldnt be答案B解析句意為：你有貝蒂的電話號碼嗎？有。不然我昨天就聯(lián)系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知應用虛擬語氣，此處表示與過去事實相反的情況，謂語動詞用would have done，故選B項。8.If it for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.(2016·江蘇，27)A.had not been B.should not beC.were not to be D.should not have been答案A解析句意為：如果不是他前幾天邀請我，我現(xiàn)在就不會在這里了。根據(jù)句子結構和句意可知，此處為虛擬語氣，再結合時間狀語the other day可知，這是對過去行為的虛擬，故if從句要用過去完成時。診斷報告考向對應題號我的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)情態(tài)動詞1,3,5虛擬語氣2,4,6,7,8解題方法方法1意義判斷法所謂意義判斷法就是分析語境并確定應填情態(tài)動詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個情態(tài)動詞的意義和用法是做題的前提。方法2句型判斷法有些情態(tài)動詞需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推測時，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表示推測時只能用于肯定句中。運用此法就是通過分析所給句子的句型特點，選用具有特定句型特點的情態(tài)動詞。方法3語氣判斷法情態(tài)動詞主要表示說話人的語氣、情感或態(tài)度，所以在解答此類試題時，一定要注意說話者的語氣(這也是解題的難點)，這就要求正確理解句子，從說話者的角度去考慮問題，結合具體的語境來分析和判斷，最后確定所需情態(tài)動詞是否符合特定的情感需要。方法4人稱判斷法有些情態(tài)動詞在表達某個意義時，要與特定的人稱連用，這為我們選擇正確答案提供了方向。方法5特定詞匯、句型提示法虛擬語氣可以用在狀語從句、名詞性從句、定語從句中，在不同的從句中，虛擬語氣用不同的動詞形式來體現(xiàn)，如if非真實條件句(分三種情形)，wish后的賓語從句等。所以，掌握了各類從句中虛擬語氣的動詞形式，就基本上掌握了虛擬語氣的用法。另外，某些詞、句如if it were not for/had not been for，but for.，if only.，without等，往往也要采用虛擬語氣?？键c1情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 1.My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who have taken it? A.need B.mustC.should D.could答案D解析第二句句意為：可能是誰把它拿走了呢？could可表示說話者主觀猜測的“可能”，此時用于否定句和疑問句中，符合題意。need需要；must一定，肯定，表猜測時通常只用于肯定句；should多指預期的事，常譯為“按道理說應該”。2.They are said to have been familiar with each other.But they .They were introduced only hours ago.A.may not have been B.couldnt have beenC.mustnt have been D.neednt have been答案B解析句意為：據(jù)說他們互相之間已經(jīng)非常熟悉了。但是不可能啊。他們幾小時前才被介紹認識的。根據(jù)句意可知這是對過去情況的否定推測，應用couldnt have done表示“過去不可能做了某事”。3.Life is unpredictable；even the poorest become the richest.A.shall B.mustC.need D.might答案D解析句意為：生活是難以預料的，甚至是最窮的人都有可能變成最富的人。might表示比較小的可能性，常用于肯定句和否定句中，符合題意，故選D項。shall表示將來時態(tài)，或命令、允諾、威脅等強烈語氣；must一定；need需要，均不合題意。4.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class， easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017·北京，21)A.must B.should C.can D.need答案C解析句意為：我們班最高的男孩塞繆爾能(can)輕松地夠到頂層架子上的書。此處表示能力，要用can。must必須；should應當，應該；need需要。5.It was really annoying；I get access to the data bank you had recommended.A.wouldnt B.couldntC.shouldnt D.neednt答案B解析句意為：真煩人，我無權使用你推薦的資料庫。couldnt意為“不能”，符合語境。wouldnt不愿意；shouldnt不應該；neednt沒必要。6.My room is a mess，but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017·天津，2)A.darent B.shouldntC.neednt D.mustnt答案C解析句意為：我的房間很亂，不過今晚在我出去之前，我沒必要(neednt)打掃它。我可以在(明天)早晨打掃。darent不敢；shouldnt不應該；mustnt不準。7.I have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A.mightnt B.mustntC.neednt D.couldnt答案C解析句意為：在來到新學校前我本不必擔心，因為在新學校我的同班同學對我很友好。neednt have done sth. 本沒必要做某事，符合題意?？键c歸納(一)基本用法1.表示肯定推測時must>will>would>ought to>should>can>could>may>might。2.表示否定推測時cant語氣最強，意為“不可能”；may/might/could not的語氣較弱，意為“可能不”。(mustnt不表示否定推測，而表示“禁止，不能”。)3.表示推測時，must只能用在肯定句中；may和might往往用在肯定句和否定句中；can和could可用于各種句式，can用于肯定句中時，有時表示“一時的可能性或暫時的可能性”。4.“情態(tài)動詞do”表示對目前動作的推測；“情態(tài)動詞be doing”表示對正在發(fā)生的動作的推測；“情態(tài)動詞have done”表示對過去發(fā)生的動作的推測。(二)may和might的用法1.表示許可。表示請求允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時要用mustnt，表示“不可以”“禁止”。(1)You may drive the car.你可以駕駛這輛車。(2)Might I use your pen?No，you mustnt.我能用你的鋼筆嗎？不，你不能。2.表示推測、可能(常用于肯定句中)。 He may be very busy now.現(xiàn)在他可能很忙。3.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you succeed!祝你成功！(三)can和could的用法1.表示能力，could 是 can 的過去式。(1)Can you speak English? 你會說英語嗎？(2)Could you speak English then?那時候你會說英語嗎？2.表示請求允許，可用 can或 could，could語氣較委婉；表示給予允許，一般只用 can，而不能用 could。Could/Can I use your pen?Yes，of course you can.我可以借用你的鋼筆嗎？當然可以。3.can表推測時，通常只用于否定句或疑問句；有時也用于肯定句中，表示理論上的可能性，或表示“有時可能會”之意。(1)Why does he know this? Can someone have told him about it？他怎么知道？會是哪個人告訴他了嗎？(2)It can be very cold in Scotland.蘇格蘭天氣有時會很冷的。(四)need，dare的用法1.need表示“需要”，作情態(tài)動詞時，常用于否定句或疑問句中。用于疑問句中時，肯定回答要用must?！皀eednt have過去分詞”結構表示“本來不必做某事而實際上做了”。(1)You neednt come so early.你不必來這么早。(2)You neednt have waited for me.你本來沒有必要等我的。2.dare作情態(tài)動詞用時，常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，過去式形式為dared。(1)How dare you say Im unfair!你怎么敢說我不公平！(2)He darent speak English before such a crowd.他不敢在這么多人面前說英語。3.dare和 need作實義動詞用時， 有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式?？键c2情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法1.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.A.might B.must C.would D.should答案C解析此題考查的是would表示過去的習慣性動作，可譯為“過去常?！?。句意為：我仍舊記得我快樂的童年，那時我的母親常在周末帶我去迪士尼樂園。2.Just as we were sitting down to have dinner，the telephone ring.A.must B.could C.might D.need答案A解析must在此表示說話人的愿望或感到不耐煩，意為“偏要”。句意為：正當我們要坐下來吃飯時，偏偏電話鈴響了。3.It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves， bring me food.A.might B.would C.should D.could答案C解析句意為：讓我難為情的是，他們自己那么窮，竟然還要給我?guī)С缘?。should可表示說話人的驚奇、憤怒、失望等特殊情感，此處意為“竟然”，表驚訝。4.According to the new school regulations，the students be forbidden to go out beyond 1030 at night.A.must B.shall C.may D.can 答案B解析句意為：根據(jù)新的校規(guī)，晚上超過十點半學生禁止外出。shall表示法律條約、規(guī)章制度等規(guī)定的內(nèi)容。意為“應該，必須”?？键c歸納(一)would的用法would表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習慣時比used to正式，且沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習慣”的含義。(1)He would come to have a chat with us when he was free.他有空時，常會過來跟我們聊天。(2)He used to live in a cottage near the river.他過去常住在河邊的一座小木房里。(二)must的用法must用在條件句或疑問句中，有時表示固執(zhí)堅持，意為“一定要，非得要”。(1)Must you make that dreadful noise?你非要弄出這討厭的噪音嗎？(2)If you must go，take my umbrella.如果你非要走，就帶上我的傘。(三)shall的用法1.shall用于主語為第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說話者(而非句子主語)給對方的一種允諾、威脅、命令、警告等。(1)You shall have a lot of money.你會有很多錢的。(允諾)(2)You shall arrive there before sunset.你們要在日落前到達那里。(命令)(3)She shall get what she deserves.她會有報應的。(警告)2.shall用于主語為第三人稱的陳述句中，表示條約、規(guī)章、法令等中的義務或規(guī)定，常譯為“應，必須”。(1)All members shall contribute to the fund needed for carrying on such activities.所有成員都要捐助進行這一類活動所需要的經(jīng)費。(2)Visitors shall not pick flowers.游客不得攀折花木。3.在下列句型中的that從句里常用should，把that從句的情景看成是可能存在的，也就是說，對從句表達的情景表示懷疑、驚訝、憂慮、惋惜、歡喜等，翻譯時，常加上“竟然”兩字。Im surprised/sorry/satisfied/glad/afraid/anxious/worried.that.I think it important/a pity.that.I cannot imagine/believe.that.It worries me/astonishes me.that.It is proper/likely/probable/possible.that.(1)Im surprised that he should feel lonely.他竟然會感到孤獨，真使我驚訝。(2)It is astonishing that he should have committed the same mistake.他竟犯了相同的錯誤，真令人吃驚?？键c3考查固定結構中情態(tài)動詞的用法His way of addressing one hard problem last Friday lead to the rise of another.A.would rather B.may wellC.shall D.need答案B解析句意為：他上周五處理一個難題的方法很有可能導致另一個難題的出現(xiàn)。may well do sth. 很可能做某事，為固定搭配?？键c歸納1.cannot/never.too/enough.再也不過分，越越好2.cant help/choose but do.只好做3.cant but do.不得不做4.cant help doing.情不自禁做5.it cant be helped實在沒辦法；無法避免6.more than sb. can.非某人所能7.may/might well do.很有可能做某事8.may/might as well do.不妨做；還是做的好考點4虛擬語氣1.If the new safety system to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017·北京，34)A.had been put B.were putC.should be put D.would be put答案A解析句意為：要是新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用了的話，這起事故就不會發(fā)生了。此處表示與過去事實相反的情況，所以從句謂語用過去完成時，選A項。2. not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017·江蘇，22)A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it答案B解析句意為：如果沒有老師們的支持，這名學生不可能戰(zhàn)勝困難。此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，從句謂語用were；在非真實條件句中，如果有should，had或were時，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主語前，形成部分倒裝，故選B項。3.Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have written答案D解析句意為：要是沒有戰(zhàn)爭時的經(jīng)歷，海明威就不會寫出他的著名小說永別了，武器。該句使用了含有without的含蓄虛擬語氣，由語境知，這里是對過去情況的假設，因此主句謂語用“would/could/should/mighthave done”，故D項正確。4.It is lucky we booked a room，or we nowhere to stay now.A.had B.had hadC.would have D.would have had答案C解析句意為：很幸運我們訂了一個房間，否則我們現(xiàn)在將無處可住。or引導含蓄虛擬條件句，根據(jù)“now”可知，是對現(xiàn)在的情況進行虛擬，因此用“would動詞原形”，故選C。5.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her.A.dance B.will danceC.had danced D.danced答案D解析句意為：埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好??！I wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用could/should/would/might do；敘述與過去事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用had done。由語境可知，此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，故謂語動詞用過去式，選D項。6.We would rather our daughter at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.A.would stay B.has stayedC.stayed D.stay答案C解析would rather后跟賓語從句時，從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或將來事實相反；用“had過去分詞”表示與過去事實相反。根據(jù)后一句中的is可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在或將來事實相反，故此處動詞應用過去式，故選C項。7.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it?A.had done B.have doneC.did D.am doing答案A解析句意為：是約翰打壞了窗戶。為什么你說得好像是我打壞了似的？題中broke表示“打壞窗戶”發(fā)生在“過去”。as if/though后面的從句用had done表示對“過去”的虛擬。故A項正確?？键c歸納(一)if條件句的虛擬語氣時間 虛擬條件句謂語動詞主句謂語動詞與過去事實相反 had done would/could/should/might have done與現(xiàn)在事實相反 did/werewould/could/should/might do與將來事實相反 did/were were to doshould dowould/could/should/might do(二)if省略句1.當if引導的虛擬條件句中的謂語動詞含有had，should，were時，可將if省略，而將had，should，were置于句首，采用倒裝結構。If you had left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.Had you left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果你早點從家中出門，你就能趕上汽車了。 2.若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用謂語動詞的省略形式。 Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.要不是考慮到花銷，我現(xiàn)在可能都出國了。(三)含蓄條件句用介詞(短語)代替條件狀語從句，常用的介詞(短語)有without，but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。 (1)Without your help，we could not have succeeded.沒有你的幫助，我們不可能取得成功。 (2)But for electricity，there would be no modern industry.要是沒有電，就沒有現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)。 (3)He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party.他昨天太累了，否則他會參加派對的。 (四)wish后的賓語從句wish后的賓語從句中分別用過去式、過去完成式和“could/would動詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反。(1)I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。(2)He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他沒講過那樣的話。(3)I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明天下雨。(五)特殊句式would rather.過去時(與現(xiàn)在或將來相反)/過去完成時(與過去相反)Id rather you came tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來。(六)as if 從句在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反，用過去完成式 (had done)。(1)She looks after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顧這男孩就像對自己的兒子一樣。 (2)She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她談論那部影片，就好像她確實看過一樣。拓展延伸1.當條件句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱作“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應的調整。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.如果你以前用功學習了的話，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學生了。 2.虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應用 demand，suggest，order，insist等表命令、建議、要求后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“(should)動詞原形。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.我們建議湯姆去休息一下。在It is necessary/important/strange that.；It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等從句中，謂語動詞用“(should)動詞原形”。(1)It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.掌握一門外語很重要。(2)Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out.人們建議執(zhí)行這個計劃。試比較：It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陳述一個事實：他犯了錯誤讓人感到奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake.(虛擬語氣，說話者是在責備他本不應該犯錯。)3.在idea，advice，order，demand，request等表命令、建議、要求的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中，其謂語動詞用“(should)動詞原形”。(1)My demand is that she (should) come to see me once a week.我要求她一周來看我一次。(2)All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (should) be closed down.我們都支持關閉化工廠的建議。4.Its (high/about) time that主語過去時/should do(should不可省略)，意為“到了某人做的時候了”。It is high time that we went to bed/should go to bed.到了我們睡覺的時候了。1.I wish that you such a bad headache because I am sure you would have enjoyed the concert then.(2018·天津一中3月考)A.wouldnt have B.did not haveC.hadnt had D.havent got答案C解析句意為：我希望你沒得那場頭痛，因為我相信你會喜歡那場音樂會的。wish后跟賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)從句時態(tài)you would have enjoyed可以判斷是與過去事實相反，所以用過去完成時had done。2.What does the sign over there read?“No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette or pipe in this restaurant.”(2017·河西區(qū)二模)A.will B.shall C.need D.must答案B解析句意為：那邊的牌子上寫著什么？“任何人不得在本餐廳吸煙或手持點燃的香煙或煙斗?！?shall在此處表示“規(guī)定”。3.Im afraid theres no good news for you，Tom.Shall I tell your parents or shall I just let them know nothing about the result of this exam?Id rather they know，sir.(2017·河西區(qū)二模)A.dont B.wont C.didnt D.not答案C解析句意為：恐怕你沒有什么好消息，湯姆。我是應該告訴你的父母還是讓他們對這次考試的結果一無所知呢？我寧愿他們不知道，老師。would rather后跟從句時，從句用虛擬語氣，表示與將來相反的愿望，動詞用過去時。4.Can I go now，sir?If you leave，do it quietly.(2017·天津十二所重點中學一模)A.should B.must C.shall D.may答案B解析句意為：我現(xiàn)在可以走嗎，先生？如果你非要離開，悄悄地走。must偏要，非得。5.If I time，I would certainly go to the movies with you，but I have a lot of work to do.(2017·紅橋區(qū)二模)A.had B.haveC.will have D.had had答案A解析句意為：如果我有時間的話，我肯定會和你一起去看電影，但是我有很多工作要做。對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，條件句謂語動詞需用動詞的過去式，故選A。6. the rain stop，the crops would be saved.(2017·河東區(qū)二模)A.Will B.Would C.Should D.Had答案C解析句意為：如果雨停了的話，莊稼將會得救。表示對將來情況的假設，可用“should動詞原形”。從句為省略if將should提前構成的倒裝。7.What he said at the meeting made Mary rather embarrassed，so he felt that he differently.(2018·南開區(qū)一模)A.might express B.should expressC.could have expressed D.must have expressed答案C解析could have done過去本能夠做某事實際沒做。句意為：在會上他的發(fā)言使得瑪麗非常尷尬，因此他認為他本可以以不同的方式表達。must have done是對過去的一種肯定推測。8.George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he more on its culture.(2018·紅橋區(qū)二模)A.focus B would focusC.focused D.had focused答案C解析句意為：喬治將談論他的國家的地理，但我寧愿他更多地關注它的文化。would rather sb. did sth. “寧愿某人做某事”，是虛擬語氣的固定句型，是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，如果對過去虛擬則用would rather sb. had done。根據(jù)句意判斷本句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬。9.Im sorry. for my illness，I would have come and lent you a helping hand.(2017·和平區(qū)一模)A.Were it not B.If it were notC.Had it not been D.If it has not been答案C解析句意為：我很抱歉。要不是我病了，我會來幫你一把的。從句為省略if的部分倒裝結構，由主句中的would have come以及句意可知，這里是對過去情況的假設，故選C。10.The new supermarket announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day get a big prize.(2018·天津一中4月考)A.must B.will C.shall D.need答案C解析情態(tài)動詞shall常常用在二、三人稱的陳述句中表示“命令、警告、允諾”等；根據(jù)句意可知，超市承諾，第一個購物者會獲大獎。故選C。專題強化練(四).單項填空1.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball；otherwise，he a goal.(2018·南開區(qū)二模)A.would score B.scoredC.would have scored D.had scored答案C解析句意為：他在踢球前猶豫了一會兒，否則，他會進一球。由otherwise和hesitated可知，這是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“wouldhave過去分詞”構成。2.I phoned you yesterday morning.A girl answered，but I didnt recognize the voice.Oh，it my younger sister.She was in my room at that moment.(2017·南開區(qū)二模)A.must have been B.should have beenC.could have been D.may have been答案A解析句意為：我昨天早上給你打電話了。接電話的是一個女孩子，但我沒有聽出是誰的聲音。哦，一定是我妹妹。當時她在我的房間里。表示對過去的肯定性推測，用“musthave done”結構。3.Why didnt you call me?Oh，my cell-phone ran out of power，otherwise I you.(2017·天津十二區(qū)縣一模)A.would call B.had calledC.called D.would have called答案D解析英語中當表示條件時沒有連詞if，而是用otherwise、or、but、but for等形式來表達，這種類型的虛擬語氣被稱之為含蓄的虛擬條件句。本題中otherwise表示“否則”，相當于一個虛擬條件句。由“ran out of power”可知，這是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬，所以用“would/should/could/mighthave done”，故選D。4.Its no use envying others success.Its time you hard.(2016·天津十二區(qū)縣二聯(lián))A.must work B.were to workC.work D.should work答案D解析句意為：嫉妒別人的成功是沒有用的，是該你努力工作的時候了。在Its time (that).句式中，從句的謂語用動詞的過去式或“should動詞原形”(should不能省略)。故選D。5.If you drive so fast，youll run the risk of losing your license for six months.(2018·南開區(qū)二模)A.would B.may C.should D.must答案D解析would過去常常，將會；may可以；should應該；must必須，偏要。根據(jù)句意知，D項正確。6.What do you think would happen if the engine suddenly stop working？(2018·天津部分區(qū)縣二模)A.should B.mightC.could D.would答案A解析這句話使用虛擬語氣，表示和將來相反的假設，if條件句用should do，were to do或did；主句用would do。might可能；could能夠；would將會，都不能這樣用。7.Your mother have fallen asleep.You were making so much noise so late in the yard then！(2017·天津五校聯(lián)考一模)A.mustnt B.cantC.mightnt D.shouldnt答案B解析mustnt禁止；cant不可能；mightnt可能沒；shouldnt不應該。根據(jù)句意“你媽媽不可能睡著了，那時侯你在院子里搞出那么多的噪音！”及所給選項分析可知，選B。8.My mother angry with me，but I couldnt shut my mouth before I shouted at her！(2018·天津十二區(qū)縣一模)A.wasntB.wouldnt beC.wouldnt have beenD.hadnt been答案C解析由語境“我媽媽本來不會對我生氣的，但在我對她大叫之前，我不能閉上嘴！”可知，此處是對過去的虛擬，所以主句用would/should/could/mighthave過去分詞。9.I forgot all about the party yesterday.I ，too，if my secretary hadnt reminded me.(2018·天津十二區(qū)縣二模)A.did B.hadC.should D.would have答案D解析句意為：昨天我把聚會的事全忘了。如果我的秘書沒有提醒我，我也會的。由此可以判斷本句是對過去事實的虛擬，所以主句用情態(tài)動詞have done。10.Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.(2017·南開區(qū)一模)A.had not fallen B.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen答案D解析根據(jù)題干，從句中had置于句首可知，此處為虛擬語氣中省略連詞if的情況。由從句中謂語動詞had not worked (had done)可知，是對過去情況的假設，所以主句中的謂語動詞應用would/could/might/should have done來表示對過去情況的假設，故選D。11.Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.(2018·和平區(qū)一模)A.may B.must C.should D.would答案A解析句意為：有些不愿多講話的人并不是真的害羞；他們可能只是安靜的人。may可能，也許，表示不確定、沒有把握；must必須；should理應，應該；would將要。12.But for the chances I was blessed with，my life easily a turn for the worse.(2017·河東區(qū)一模)A.would；take B.will；have takenC.should；take D.could have；taken答案D解析句中but for表示條件，意為“要不是”，表示與過去事實相反的假設，要用虛擬語氣；對過去的虛擬，主句要用情態(tài)動詞加完成時態(tài)來構成；will不能構成虛擬，故選D。13.If only I at the party last night！But I had to prepare for the conference.(2017·河西區(qū)一模)A.were B.had beenC.have been D.was答案B解析if only要是就好了，表達要用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)句中的時間狀語last night，可以看出是對過去的虛擬，所以時態(tài)要用過去完成時had done，故選B。14.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students two weeks to prepare for the exams.(2016·紅橋區(qū)一模)A.give B.be givenC.should give D.would be given答案B解析句意為：老師贊同這個建議：給學生兩周的備考時間。名詞suggestion后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，其虛擬形式為“(should)動詞原形”，又因為students與give之間為被動關系，故謂語需用被動形式，選B。15.Had they known what was coming next，they second thoughts.(2018·和平區(qū)三模)A.may have B.could haveC.must have had D.might have had答案D解析本句是一個倒裝句?？蛇€原為：If they had known what was coming next，they might have had second thoughts.根據(jù)had known提示可知，是與過去事實相反的假設，因此虛擬語氣主句中應該用would/migh