訓(xùn)練10.完形填空I had just arrived in this Asian country for a oneyear teaching position. One day, I took the subway to visit some ancient palaces and temples in the downtown. The following account of what happened to me has taught me much about culture _1_.Since all the _2_ were taken, I stood. Suddenly, I felt someone pulling on my bag. _3_ I probably was in someone's way, I moved over slightly. But in one quick motion (動(dòng)作), I felt my bag removed from my back, and in a flash it was _4_. I turned around to see who the thief was. I looked at the people standing behind me, but didn't see my bag or anyone _5_. My heart sank and I began to _6_.I glanced around the car only to find directly across from me was an elderly lady, and sitting on her lap was my _7_. I tried to get it back from her lap. But as I began to _8_ it up, she quickly grabbed (抓住) it back and held onto it. I looked around at the people standing beside me, and those sitting beside her, but no one took any _9_ of the situation. Trying not to cause a(n) _10_， I tried to negotiate through gestures. I used my hands as best as I could, but she _11_ my requests for my bag and pointed to my back. She picked up my bag, showing how _12_ it was. I finally began to understand. She was holding my bag to _13_ me.At the next stop, a middleaged woman got on the crowded subway. Another elderly woman sitting down took her bag, _14_ it on her lap. They didn't talk; _15_ this older woman was more than pleased to sit with this stranger's bag on her lap throughout her journey.As the subway pulled into the main downtown station and I was getting ready to get off, the woman _16_ handed me back my bag. But _17_ I had a chance to thank her, she had disappeared into the crowd.Sadly, this considerate custom was more _18_ to me than if I had been robbed. Everyone back home had heard of being robbedthat was _19_ city behaviorbut having a stranger hold onto someone's bag out of _20_， in a city of twelve million peoplethat was truly unusual.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在亞洲某國(guó)旅游時(shí)，在地鐵上由于文化差異而引起的一場(chǎng)誤會(huì)。1A.loss BaimCdifference Dcause答案：C由下文可知，本文講述的就是一場(chǎng)由于文化差異而引起的誤會(huì)。故此處表示文化差異，選C。2A.carsBstationsCbusesDseats答案：D根據(jù)后面的“I stood”可知，“我”之所以站著，是因?yàn)椤白弧倍急蛔鴿M了。3A.AssumingBDecidingCAdmittingDExpecting答案：A由前一句可知，“我”以為擋住了別人的路，故輕微地移動(dòng)了一下身子。assume “認(rèn)為”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。4A.brokenBgoneCopenedDemptied答案：B根據(jù)前面的“I felt my bag removed from my back (我覺(jué)得包從我的背上移開(kāi))”可知，“我”的包丟了。故選B。5A.cautiousBnervousCsuspiciousDdangerous答案：C“我”向后看，并沒(méi)有找到“我”的包，也沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何可疑的人。6A.regretBscreamCleaveDpanic答案：D當(dāng)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的包丟了，開(kāi)始慌了。7A.bookBmapCmoneyDbag答案：D作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的包在一個(gè)老婦人的大腿上。8A.checkBbringCpullDwrap答案：C根據(jù)前面的“I tried to get it back from her lap.”可知，作者打算把自己的包拉回來(lái)。9A.advantageBnoticeCchargeDphoto答案：B沒(méi)有人注意到這種情境。take notice of “注意到”，故選B。10A.sceneBattackCaccidentDchange答案：A“我”竭力不引發(fā)爭(zhēng)吵。scene “(尤指在公共場(chǎng)合)爭(zhēng)吵，吵嘴”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。11A.ignoredBhandledCconsideredDreceived答案：A作者認(rèn)為老婦人“忽視”自己的請(qǐng)求，不打算將包歸還。ignore “忽視”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。12A.smallBusefulCspecialDheavy答案：D根據(jù)老婦人的動(dòng)作“She picked up my bag”可知，她想表明這個(gè)包很沉重。13A.remindBhelpCteaseDwarn答案：B作者明白了老婦人不是想把包據(jù)為己有，而是覺(jué)得包太沉了，想要幫忙拿著包，是要幫助作者。14A.settingBtappingCclosingDdropping答案：A在另一站，也有一個(gè)老人把別人的包“放在”自己的大腿上。15A.soByetCorDbecause答案：B該空前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：她們沒(méi)有交談(互不相識(shí))，但是，這個(gè)老人非常愿意在旅途中將這個(gè)陌生人的包放在自己的大腿上。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處選表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的yet。16A.angrilyBgentlyCanxiouslyDgratefully答案：B由前文可知，老人是在幫“我”，所以當(dāng)“我”到站了，要下車(chē)時(shí)，老人溫柔地將包歸還給“我”。17A.untilBonceCbeforeDwhile答案：C根據(jù)后面的“she had disappeared into the crowd”可知，在“我”道謝之前，老人已經(jīng)消失在人群中了。18A.boringBannoyingCsurprisingDdisappointing答案：C根據(jù)前文的描述可知，這種體貼周到的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣令作者感到意外。19A.suitableBharmfulCpracticalDusual答案：D大家都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)搶劫，這在城市里很常見(jiàn)。20A.kindnessBcuriosityCpityDdesperation答案：A句意：搶劫大家都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，但是在一個(gè)擁有這么多人口的城市里，像這樣出于好意幫他們拎包的行為真的是罕見(jiàn)的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這種幫助陌生人的行為是出于好意。故選項(xiàng)A符合題意。.閱讀理解A(2019·湖南三十四校聯(lián)考)Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists：Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an everincreasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans.Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls (頭骨) and think of what's happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了三位科學(xué)家關(guān)于人工智能的討論記錄。1What is Scientist B worried about?AAI technology will destroy the earth.BComputers can't think by themselves.CRobots will take the place of humans.DHumans will be unhappy without machines.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科學(xué)家B擔(dān)心機(jī)器人會(huì)代替人類，造成人類失業(yè)、貧窮和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。故選C。2What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?AThe Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.BThe movie image of a terrifying Terminator.C“Murderbots” can't decide by themselves.D“Murderbots” will be against humans' orders.答案：D指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞前一句“The next step will be autonomous murderbots following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.”可知，自動(dòng)“殺人機(jī)器人”服從人類的命令，但最后殺死誰(shuí)由他們自己決定。句中this指“殺人機(jī)器人不服從人類的命令”。故選D。3What can we learn from the text?AScientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.BThe employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.C“Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.DAll the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，機(jī)器人會(huì)代替人類工作，造成人類失業(yè)。也就是說(shuō)，未來(lái)人工智能技術(shù)將會(huì)影響就業(yè)。故選B。4Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?AScientist A.BScientist B.CScientists B & C.DScientists A & B.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科學(xué)家A認(rèn)為人工智能的積極因素比消極因素多。根據(jù)第三段中的“ . there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科學(xué)家B和科學(xué)家C認(rèn)為人工智能的消極因素比積極因素多。故選C。BMoney is the root of all evil (邪惡) and a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California Berkeley, the US, announced on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people. The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊)They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive cars ignored a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving modest cars.In another experiment, a group of college students were asked if they would do immoral things in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more change. Students from higherclass families were more likely to act dishonestly.According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks, it also means they care less about other people's feelings.Finally, it just makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your selfinterest，” said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study.Piff pointed out that the findings don't mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts (本能) and values in different ways.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。金錢(qián)是萬(wàn)惡之源嗎？科學(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明：富有的人比窮人更加有可能做不道德的事。5By saying “Money is the root of all evil (邪惡)”， the author wants to _.Alink wealth with bad behaviorBdraw readers' attention to the researchCshow how the saying proves the findingsDdefend rich people who do immoral things答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying . that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people”可知，用這個(gè)俗語(yǔ)“金錢(qián)是萬(wàn)惡之源”來(lái)引出本文的話題富人們比窮人們更加有可能做不道德的事情，目的是吸引讀者對(duì)這個(gè)研究的注意，故答案為B。6Why did the scientists do the experiments?ATo show how social status affects people's morality.BTo show people's instincts and values in different ways.CTo test whether the saying “Money is the root of all evil.” is true.DTo show the difference between higherclass people and lowerclass people.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts (本能) and values in different ways.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是展示不同社會(huì)階層的人們?nèi)绾我圆煌姆绞絹?lái)表達(dá)他們的本能和價(jià)值觀。故選A項(xiàng)。7What does the passage really want to show us?AThe poor are respectable.BMoney is the root of all evil.CAll rich people are untrustworthy.DThe rich are more likely to act badly.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段科學(xué)家發(fā)表的研究結(jié)論可知，富人們更加有可能做不道德的事。故D項(xiàng)是正確的。CDriving on up to Yosemite with my family was exciting but nerveracking (神經(jīng)緊張的). I had never been to such an amazing national park before, yet I wasn't the most athletic person so I knew that I couldn't stick through all the hiking up and down. It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience.The ride there was definitely long but worth it. As I woke up from my nap, I saw the beautiful scenery of the tall mountains and beautiful streams. The trails were made nicely for visitors. The waterfalls were breathtaking. Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts. Even though I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun. The fact that my family and I spent so much time together all trying to find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together.The great thing about nature is that, it's just you, the views, and the people around you. There's nothing there to bother you and it's the best way to relax and enjoy yourself. Yosemite has 5 of the world's highest waterfalls, and about 300 lakes. The structure of each mountain is incredible; it's formed in ways that almost take your breath away. Some of them are of a deep dark color with waterfalls forming; some are formed with spots of green peeking (窺探) out. It's definitely something you wouldn't want to miss.Yosemite isn't the only great National Park but based on my experience I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends. It's a great time to bond, laugh, and take in what Mother Nature offers.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了作者與家人在Yosemite國(guó)家公園的一次有趣而又充滿冒險(xiǎn)的游玩經(jīng)歷。通過(guò)這一次游玩，他們不但充分享受了大自然的美景，也與家人感受了天倫之樂(lè)。8The author writes the first paragraph mainly to _.Aintroduce the topic of this passageBoffer an example to usCtell us his future plan for hikingDdescribe a national park答案：A推理判斷題。文章第一段采用先抑后揚(yáng)的寫(xiě)作手法，突出說(shuō)明這次Yosemite國(guó)家公園游玩活動(dòng)既有趣又充滿冒險(xiǎn)，為下文的描寫(xiě)埋下伏筆，故首段是為了引出文章話題，故選A。9While climbing up rocks, the author was _.Anerveracking BinjuredCpleasedDworried答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第五、六句“Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts. Even though I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun.”可知，作者在攀爬巖石的時(shí)候是開(kāi)心的。10According to the passage, Yosemite _.Ais crowded with visitors every dayBis the only great National ParkCis worth travelling toDis nothing but a common destination答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為Yosemite是一個(gè)值得帶著家人和朋友去享受自然的好地方。11The author suggests us _.Akeeping a good bond with other peopleBvisiting Yosemite now and thenCtrying to protect the environmentDgoing out to enjoy the beauty of nature答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends”可知，作者極力推薦我們?nèi)敉庑蕾p大自然的美景。- 9 -