Unit 4 Pygmalion.閱讀理解ADo Peru's potatoes have the right stuff? That's the question scientists will be asking in Lima next month, when a selection of potatoes will begin undergoing tests to determine whether they are fit to grow on Mars.NASA, the US space agency, is conducting the pioneering experiment together with Lima's International Potato Center.They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Mars­like conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable. Of the selected candidates,40 are native to the Andes Mountains, conditioned to grow in different ecological zones, can stand sudden climate changes and reproduce in rocky areas. The other 60 are improved varieties, able to survive with little water and salt. They are also immune to viruses.Those that pass the tests must meet a final criterionthey must be able not only to grow well on Mars but also reproduce in large quantities. “We're almost 100 percent certain that many of the selected potatoes will pass the tests，” said Julio Valdivia Silva, a Peruvian NASA astrobiologist (太空生物學(xué)家)who is taking part in the ambitious project. The scientists plan to transport 100 kilos of soil to a lab in Lima that will simulate the complex Martian atmospherewhich contains mostly carbon dioxideand expose it to extreme ultraviolet(紫外線的) radiation. If the varieties selected for next month's experiment don't adapt to the desert soil, the researchers will introduce nutrients, which will be provided by radiation.In future years, NASA plans to build a Mars research center in the Peruvian desert. It would create a perfect copy of the Martian landscape and atmosphere for future research into space farming that could serve manned missions to Mars and other planets in the solar system.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)將與國(guó)際馬鈴薯研究中心聯(lián)手，進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)。1What is the best title of the passage?ATransport potatoes to PeruBDetermine the varieties of potatoes in PeruCNASA is to build a Mars research center in PeruDNASA is to simulate growing potatoes on Mars in Peru解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀文章可知美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)計(jì)劃與國(guó)際馬鈴薯研究中心聯(lián)手，進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)，即在秘魯培育可在火星上種植的土豆。故答案為D項(xiàng)。答案：D2According to the third paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?AForty kinds of potatoes can survive with little water and salt.BMany types of potatoes to be planted on Mars are developed in Peru.CSixty varieties native to the Andes Mountains can stand sudden climate changes.DThe final criterion is that all the candidates are immune to viruses on the earth.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Mars­like conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable.”可知B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第三段中的“The other 60 are improved varieties，able to survive with little water and salt.”可排除A項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段中的“Of the selected candidates,40 are native to the Andes Mountains，conditioned to grow in different ecological zones，can stand sudden climate changes and reproduce in rocky areas.”可排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段中的“Those that pass the tests must meet a final criterionthey must be able not only to grow well on Mars but also reproduce in large quantities.”可排除D項(xiàng)。答案：B3What if the selected varieties don't adapt to the desert soil in Peru?AAstrobiologists will be sent there to help.BNutrients will be provided to plants by radiation.CA Mars research center will be built for further study.D100 more kilos of potatoes will be directly sent to Lima.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“If the varieties selected for next month's experiment don't adapt to the desert soil，the researchers will introduce nutrients，which will be provided by radiation.”可知答案為B項(xiàng)。答案：B4The passage may be in the column of China Daily.AscienceBsportsCtourismDentertainment解析：推理判斷題。本文介紹的是美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)將與國(guó)際馬鈴薯研究中心聯(lián)手，進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)，屬于科普類文章，故答案為A項(xiàng)。答案：ABSome people call it a traveling museum. Others refer to it as a living or open­air museum. Built in Brazil to honor Columbus' first voyage to the New World, the Nina, a Columbus­era replica (復(fù)制品) ship, provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship from over 500 years ago.I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores, Alabama, in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university, my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school­age children.The field­trip tour of the Nina is hands­on learning at its best.In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone (壓艙石), and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days. They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time.I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example，allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s.Historical guides, dressed in period costumes, give tours of the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.My experience on the Nina helps testify (證實(shí)) my long­held belief that students stay interested, ask better questions, and engage(參與)in higher­order thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process.The students who boarded the Nina came as passive learners. They left as bold explorers.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文介紹了哥倫布航海時(shí)的航船的復(fù)制品Nina，它是一個(gè)開放的博物館。學(xué)生參觀這一特殊的博物館可以積極主動(dòng)參與學(xué)習(xí)。5What occupation is the author engaged in?AShipping.BEducation.CEcological tourism.DMuseum administration.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school­age children.”可知，作者在給學(xué)齡兒童介紹有關(guān)航船復(fù)制品Nina的歷史知識(shí)；據(jù)此可以判斷，作者從事的是教育行業(yè)，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B6Which of the following is true about the Nina introduced in the passage?AShe is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.BShe is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.CShe is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.DShe displays what Columbus' ship was like and how it operated.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship”可知，Nina為人們提供了哥倫布的航船的原貌；根據(jù)第二段的“In this setting，students could touch the line，pass around a ballast stone(壓艙石)，and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days.”可知，Nina還提供了如何操作該航船的方法，故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D7What is the third paragraph mainly about?AGuidelines for visitors on the ships.BLife of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement.CDuties of the guides in the British museums.DIntroduction to another museum similar to the Nina.解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“The Nina is not the only traveling museum.A visit to Jamestown Settlement，for example，allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers”可知，第三段主要介紹了另一個(gè)與Nina類似的航行博物館，故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D8What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage?AThe students are interested in becoming tour guides.BThe experience has changed the students' learning attitude.CThe students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.DThe museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.解析：句義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句可知，登上了哥倫布航船復(fù)制品Nina的學(xué)生由被支學(xué)習(xí)變成了知識(shí)的勇敢探索者。據(jù)此可以判斷，最后兩句意在說明，這種游覽改變了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B.完形填空There was once a widow who had two daughters. The 1 widow loved the elder who was like herself both in looks and personality, but didn't love the other, who resembled her 2 ， although she was pretty and friendly.The younger daughter had to 3 hard all day and live upon the leftovers of her elder sister. Among her other 4 jobs, she was forced to carry water every day 5 .One day 6 she had just filled her pot at the fountain，an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water. Glad to show a kindness to the old woman，she 7 .Now, all of a sudden, there was no old trembling woman but a(n) 8 who rewarded good deeds before her. “Your face is pretty 9 your heart is gentle，” said she.“For your kindness, I will make you a gift. Every time you speak, from your mouth shall come a flower or a jewel.”When the girl reached home，her ill mother 10 her for her long absence. “Pardon me for being away so long，”she replied. As she spoke some pearls and diamonds dropped from her 11 .“What is this I see, child？” asked the 12 widow.The poor girl was so happy to be 13 child by her mother that she eagerly told her mother about her 14 with the old woman at the fountain. The widow immediately 15 her favorite daughter to do as the 16 girl had done.When the impatient girl was filling the pot with water at the 17 ，a beautiful lady appeared and 18 a drink of water from the girl.“I have not come here to serve you，” she 19 replied.The lady, who was the fairy, said，“I will make you a gift to 20 your rudeness. Every time you speak, from your mouth shall come a snake or a toad (蟾蜍)”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文主要講述了兩個(gè)性格和外表不同的姐妹對(duì)給予他人幫助的不同反應(yīng)及她們得到的相應(yīng)的結(jié)果，彰顯了善有善報(bào)的道理。1A.good­temperedBbad­temperedCkindDbeautiful解析：根據(jù)下文中的“her ill mother”并結(jié)合下文她訓(xùn)斥小女兒可推知，她脾氣不好。答案：B2A.daughter BteacherCmotherDfather解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境中的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處與“herself”形成對(duì)比。小女兒不像她而是像父親。答案：D3A.complain BplayCworkDstudy解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Among her other 4 jobs，she was forced to carry water every day 5 .”并結(jié)合“l(fā)ive upon the leftovers of her elder sister”可推知，小女兒每天要做許多工作，靠吃姐姐的剩飯菜生活。答案：C4A.easy BhardCinterestingDboring解析：根據(jù)上文中的“The younger daughter had to 3 hard all day”可推知，小女兒的工作都很辛苦，很累人。答案：B5A.within reach Bwith easeCwithout hesitationDfrom a great distance解析：根據(jù)本段的整體內(nèi)容可知，小女兒過得很艱難。由“she was forced to carry water every day”可推知，小女兒還得每天從很遠(yuǎn)的地方挑水，這與其艱難的生活境況呼應(yīng)。答案：D6A.when BwhileConceDbefore解析：此處應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞One day。答案：A7A.hesitated BagreedCleftDargued解析：根據(jù)空前的“Glad to show a kindness to the old woman”可推知，小女兒答應(yīng)了老婦人的請(qǐng)求。答案：B8A.boy Bold womanCold manDfairy解析：根據(jù)下文的“The lady，who was the fairy”可推知，老婦人是仙女變過來的。答案：D9A.although BbutCwhileDand解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處前后句表示邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，故選D。答案：D10A.scolded BpraisedCthankedDforgave解析：與“her ill mother”和“her long absence”呼應(yīng)并結(jié)合下文小女兒的道歉可知，此處表示小女兒受到母親的訓(xùn)斥。答案：A11A.waist BhairClipsDhands解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Every time you speak，from your mouth shall come a flower or a jewel.”可知，小女兒以后說話會(huì)口吐花兒或者寶石，故選C。lip“嘴唇”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：C12A.amused BinterestedCastonishedDfrightened解析：小女兒突然口吐珍珠和寶石，她的母親自然很吃驚。astonished“吃驚的”。答案：C13A.awarded BcalledCshowedDtaught解析：根據(jù)上文中的“What is this I see，child”可推知，寡婦很震驚，對(duì)小女兒的態(tài)度突然轉(zhuǎn)變，柔和了很多，稱她為“孩子”。答案：B14A.difficulty BthoughtCexperimentDexperience解析：小女兒迫切地將自己遇到仙女的經(jīng)歷告訴了母親。experience“經(jīng)歷”。答案：D15A.advised BgotCforcedDinvited解析：get sb.to do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：B16A.slim BtallCelderDpoor解析：與上文中的“The poor girl”呼應(yīng)可推知，這里指可憐的小女兒。答案：D17A.river BpoolCfountainDwell解析：與上文中的“One day 6 she had just filled her pot at the fountain”呼應(yīng)可推知，大女兒也來到噴泉那里。答案：C18A.asked for Basked ofCasked aboutDasked after解析：與上文中的“an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water”呼應(yīng)可推知，一個(gè)漂亮的女士向大女兒討水喝。答案：A19A.rudely BjokinglyCproudlyDhurriedly解析：與下文中的“your rudeness”呼應(yīng)可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)大女兒舉止很粗魯，與上文的“the impatient girl”呼應(yīng)，故選A。答案：A20A.deserve BfaceCequalDrepay解析：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示仙女要送給大女兒一份與她的粗魯相匹配的禮物。equal“比得上”。答案：C.短文改錯(cuò)The American TV show The Voice is one of my most favorite amusement shows. In the one hand, I can listen to different styles of music. On the other hand, I can see the singers' stories, who are so inspiring. I was so impressed by a musical boy who was from the country. If he was very young, he loved to sing while doing the farm work. After work, he learned to play guitar. He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple. The boy brought his guitar to the stage, worn a fashionable hat which made him seem so mysteriously. When the boy sing a song with his guitar, all the judge were astonished by his talent. As a result, he won the game but finally became famous throughout the country.答案：The American TV show The Voice is one of my favorite amusement shows. the one hand, I can listen to different styles of music. On the other hand, I can see the singers' stories, are so inspiring. I was so impressed by a musical boy who was from the country. he was very young, he loved to sing while doing the farm work. After work, he learned to play guitar. He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple. The boy brought his guitar to the stage, a fashionable hat which made him seem so . When the boy a song with his guitar, all the were astonished by his talent. As a result, he won the game finally became famous throughout the country.9